应用表面等离子体共振生物传感器快速检测厌氧菌的研究

目的建立基于表面等离子体共振(SPR)生物传感器的核酸检测技术,为实时、在线检测微生物奠定技术基础。方法应用SPR生物传感器实时在线分析系统,在传感器表面固定探针分子,对溶液中的靶序列进行杂交检测,研究该检测方法的灵敏度、特异性及可重复性等。结果试验中建立的核酸检测方法能够实现对靶序列的实时检测,检测下限达4×102CFU/ml。结论该试验建立的核酸检测方法,具有灵敏度高、特异性强、可重复性好等优点,SPR传感器技术在核酸杂交检测工作中有着广阔的应用前景。     

表面等离子体共振生物传感器对病原菌快速检测研究

目的 建立基于表面等离子体共振(SPR)生物传感器的核酸检测技术,为实时、在线检测病原菌奠定技术基础.方法 应用SPR生物传感器实时在线分析系统,在传感器表面固定探针分子,对溶液中的靶序列进行杂交检测,研究该检测方法的灵敏度、特异性及可重复性等.结果 实验中建立的核酸检测方法能够实现对靶序列的实时检测,检测下限达4×102CFU/ml.结论 该实验建立的核酸检测方法,具有灵敏度高、特异性强、可重复性好等优点,SPR传感器技术在核酸杂交检测工作中有着广阔的应用前景.     

表面等离子体共振芯片检测系统快速检测淋病奈瑟氏菌的研究

目的 应用表面等离子体共振(SPR)芯片检测系统进行淋病奈瑟氏菌的快速检测.方法 制备淋病奈瑟氏菌的SPR响应型基因芯片,并对最适的探针自组装时间,探针浓度,以及SPR检测的灵敏度,特异性等指标进行测定;对临床样品进行实际检测并与临床常规方法比较.结果 当固定探针浓度为1500nM,自组装时间为4.5h时,构建的芯片具有较好的SPR检测效率,能够准确识别碱基的错配,其检测灵敏度大约为10fM:临床检测结果与常规经典鉴定方法相比结果一致.结论 本芯片检测系统具有良好的检测性能,检测方法准确可靠.     

解脲脲支原体多带抗原基因分型鉴定及其临床应用研究

目的应用PCR技术对解脲脲支原体(Uu)多带抗原进行分型鉴定,探讨Uu各种基因型与临床病原学之间的关系. 方法 根据解脲脲支原体多带抗原基因(MBA)与16S rRNA基因和尿素酶基因结构设计10对引物,采用PCR基因扩增技术,对 384例非淋菌性尿道炎和其他泌尿生殖道感染患者的临床标本,进行解脲脲支原体生物变种和基因型分型鉴定,并与Uu培养法作比较. 结果 384例性病门诊患者临床标本中,检测Uu培养阳性 218例,阳性率56.8%;PCR基因扩增检测Uu-DNA阳性 208例,总阳性率为54.2%:其中生物变种1(biovar 1) 143例,占37.2%, 生物变种2 (biovar 2) 65例,占16.9%;基因分型结果:生物变种1血清变种1 (serovar 1) 50例,占13.0%,血清变种3/14 (serovars 3/14) 64例, 占16.7%, 血清变种6 (serovar 6) 29例,占7.6%;生物变种2 亚型1 (subtype 1) 25例,占6.5%, 亚型2 (subtype 2) 30例,占7.8%, 亚型3 (subtype 3) 10例,占2.6%. 结论 Uu是性病的重要病原体,MBA多带抗原PCR基因分型鉴定具有简便、快速、敏感、特异之优点.     

320例非淋菌性尿道炎患者沙眼衣原体和解脲脲支原体检测结果分析

目的了解非淋菌性尿道炎(NGU)患者沙眼衣原体(CT)和解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染情况。方法沙眼衣原体采用抗原抗体快速免疫测定法检测,解脲脲支原体由液体培养基培养。结果320例NGU患者CT阳性率为36.25%,Uu阳性率为43.75%,混合感染阳性率为20.00%;不同性别CT、Uu检出率差异均有显著性(P<0.005),CT感染率男性多于女性(χ2=10.421,P<0.005),Uu感染率女性多于男性(χ2=13.545,P<0.001)。结论NGU患者CT、Uu感染率较高,临床考虑NGU应同时检测CT和Uu。     

解脲脲支原体感染与输卵管性不孕的相关性探讨

目的 探讨解脲脲支原体(Uu)感染与输卵管性不孕的相关性.方法 2010年1月-2011年6月医院妇产科就诊122例输卵管性不孕患者为观察组,同时以进行早孕检查的60例孕妇作为对照组,两组受试者均采用聚合酶联反应(PCR)技术进行宫颈分泌物的解脲脲支原体DNA片段进行扩增检测,分析两组Uu感染率.结果 观察组受试者中Uu阳性99例占81.2％,对照组受试者中Uu阳性11例占18.3％,观察组受试者Uu阳性率显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);观察组中输卵管完全阻塞和部分阻塞的患者分别有40例占81.6％和59例占80.8％解脲脲支原体为阳性,差异无统计学意义.结论 Uu感染与输卵管性不孕具有相关性,Uu是输卵管性不孕的重要病原体之一.     

不同女性人群解脲脲原体检测结果分析

目的:对广州地区解脲脲原体(Uu)在不同女性人群的检测结果及其对抗生素的敏感性进行分析,为临床合理应用抗生素治疗其感染提供依据。方法:采集生殖道炎症患者及健康体检女性两组人群的生殖道分泌物标本,用法国生物梅里埃公司IST2试剂盒进行Uu培养、鉴定和药敏试验,结合临床资料,对两组人群的Uu检测结果进行分析。结果:Uu阳性率生殖道炎症组为38.7%,健康体检组为33.5%,两组阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),且Uu在各年龄段女性定植无差异;生殖道炎症组Uu≥104 CFU/ml的例数明显高于健康体检组,两组Uu≥104 CFU/ml检出率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);药敏结果显示除环丙沙星和氧氟沙星外,其余抗生素对Uu均有较好的抗菌活性(敏感性均>70%)。结论:Uu为女性生殖道常见寄生物,应慎重判断其致病性,合理应用抗生素治疗其感染。     

解脲脲支原体感染及药敏结果分析

目的 通过对解脲脲支原体(Uu)的检测及药敏结果分析,了解Uu对药物的敏感程度,为临床治疗选择最佳抗菌药物提供科学依据.方法对临床1108例样本进行Uu检测,采用法国生物梅里埃公司MycoplasmaIST2支原体试剂盒.结果 Uu枪测总阳性率54.24%,其中女性阳性率61.17%,男性阳性率23.53%,药物敏感率分别为交沙霉素99.00%、多西环素98.17%、氧氟沙星20.63%、红霉素76.20%、四环素96.84%、环丙沙星3.49%、阿奇霉素76.87%、克拉霉素87.35%、普那霉素99.67%.结论 Uu在泌尿生殖道的感染率高,且女性感染率显著高于男性.     

622例肿瘤患者泌尿生殖道解脲脲支原体的检测分析

对我院622例肿瘤住院患者的晨尿,进行解脲脲支原体(Uu)的微量培养法检测,对Uu与肿瘤患者医院感染及正常菌群的关系进行了分析.     

泌尿生殖道解脲脲支原体、人支原体检测与耐药性分析

目的 了解解脲脲支原体(Uu)和人支原体(Mh)在绍兴地区泌尿生殖道感染中的检测及耐药情况.方法 采用法国生物梅里埃公司的试剂盒进行Uu、Mh的检测和药敏试验.结果 2678例疑似泌尿生殖道感染的患者,有980例支原体(My)培养阳性,阳性率为36.6%,其中Uu阳性763例占28.5%;Mh阳性116例占4.3%;Uu和Mh混合阳性101例占3.8%;药敏试验Uu和Mh对抗菌药物敏感性最高的是普那霉素(原始霉索)、交沙霉素、多西环素和四环素,对环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、红霉素、克拉霉素和阿奇霉素耐药率最高.结论 临床上支原体感染的治疗应根据实验室的药敏结果选择合适的抗菌药物.     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.