血管新生与疾病

很多疾病均伴有血管的变化。血管 ,特别是微血管 ,常与组织、器官的生长、发育和功能密切相关。疾病时它们发生相应的改变。有些疾病的发生发展和治疗与微血管新生有密切的联系 ,治疗时要抑制血管新生 ,如肿瘤等 ;有些疾病的发生发展有微血管的闭塞和退化 ,治疗时要促进微血管新生 ,如血栓性疾病等。因此近年来血管新生与疾病的关系在整体、细胞和分子水平上开展了广泛的研究 ,下面作一简要介绍。１肿瘤的血管新生与抗血管新生治疗１．１肿瘤血管新生肿瘤是人体细胞异常分化增殖的恶性疾病。肿瘤在表现其生长、转移等生物学行为时与其中的微…     

Ventilation And Ventilators

The history of ventilation is reviewed briefly and recent developments in techniques of ventilation are discussed. Operating features of ventilators have changed in the past few years, partly as the result of clinical progress; yet, technology appears to have outstripped the clinicians ability to harness it most effectively. Clinical discipline and training of medical staff in the use of ventilators could be improved. The future is promising if clinician and designer can work together closely. Ergonomics of ventilators and their controls and the provision of alarms need special attention. Microprocessors are likely to feature prominently in the next generation of designs.     

原发性失眠与抑郁症伴发失眠患者觉醒水平脑电频谱及复杂度分析比较研究

目的：通过抑郁症伴发失眠患者和原发性失眠患者线性脑电频谱与非线性复杂度的分析,对比两者脑皮层觉醒水平差异,初步探讨抑郁性伴发失眠可能的特点。方法：收集2011年6月至2012年3月52例本院睡眠门诊及住院原发性失眠与抑郁症伴发失眠患者52例,按照美国精神病学会制订的《精神障碍诊断和统计手册》的相关标准分为DI组和PI组,比较两组患者多导睡眠监护脑电频谱及复杂度的差异。结果：DI组与pI组相比,脑电del协相对功率值出现升高,差异有统计学意义（p〈0．05）,Theta、Alpha、Sigma、Beta、Gamma相对功率值出现下降,差异具有统计学意义（p〈0．05）,DI组脑电复杂度C（n）与PI组相比,脑电复杂度c（n）出现下降,差异具有统计学意义（p〈0．05）。结论：DI组与PI组相比,脑电delta频段频谱出现升高,Theta、Alpha、Sigma、Beta、Gamma频段频谱出现下降．同时与PI组相比,脑电复杂度cOO出现下降,而DI患者脑皮质觉醒水平较PI患者低,脑电频谱分析和脑电复杂度分析的结果是一致的。     

Anti-Phospholipid Antibodies And Infertility

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) or the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL), usually presents as pregnancy loss. However, aPL have also been reported to affect implantation, placentation, and early embryonic development. The binding of aPl to β2GP1 may lead to breakdown of the phospholipid adhesion molecules between different elements of trophoblast. As aPL affect placental growth and function, aPl may prevent implantation presenting as infertility. Lupus anticoagulant and anticardiolipin antibody have been implicated in the prothrombotic effects of APS. Antibodies to other phospholipids such as anti-phosphatidylserine, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl Inositol etc. may be more relevant in infertility. Their role remains to be clarified. There is theoretical evidence from animal models and clinical infertility practice that aPL has a role in infertility. However, a large-scale meta-analysis has failed to confirm the association. To determine whether infertility or even pregnancy loss is associated with aPL, it is necessary to know that the embryo is chromosomally normal. Pregestational diagnosis has shown that up to 60% of embryos may be chromosomally aneuploid in failed in vitro fertilization (IVF); hence, may confound our understanding concerning the association between aPL and infertility, failed IVF or even pregnancy loss.     

金属硫蛋白与人类疾病

金属硫蛋白(MT)是一种低分子量,富含半胱氨酸可结合重金属的蛋白质。从微生物到脊椎动物由Cd、Zn、Cu、Ag、激素及各种应急诱导产生金属硫蛋白。金属硫蛋白主要参与重金属解毒及氧化损伤解毒,储存金属,调节Zn及Cu的代谢,清除自由基。金属硫蛋白基因的表达调控是在转录水平上进行的,通过与金属,糖皮质激素及血反应元素顺式作用,及与DNA-结合蛋白,金属调节蛋白的反式作用达到调节的作用。众所周知,MT与一些疾病的发病过程密切相关。科学研究广泛地探索了心脏MT的抗氧化功能。最近采用心脏定位的MT-表达过量的转基因小鼠模型研究结果强力支持MT的这一生理作用。在急性及慢性刺激下如用阿霉素处理、局部缺血-再灌注损伤、食物中铜的限制,MT-表达过量的转基因小鼠心脏显示了对损伤的显著抗性。实验结果表明MT调节免疫系统,但MT的主要功能还不清楚。     

中老年人学习活动对身心健康的影响

目的研究中老年人生理和心理特征的现状与发展趋势,及学习活动对其身心健康的影响。方法采用2（实验组、对照组）×2（老年组、中年组）的实验设计,运用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI—74）进行评价。结果 1学习与否对中老年人生活满意度及其各个维度的差异有统计学意义（F=161.59,P=0.80）;2年龄差异在躯体功能和心理功能维度上的差异有统计学意义,特别是在认知功能、情绪和性格方面;3学习与年龄的交互作用在躯体功能和心理功能维度上的差异有统计学意义,特别是在生理特征、情绪和性格方面。结论学习活动有益于中老年人的身心健康,对实现健康老龄化社会有促进作用。     

再造拇、手指血管痉挛危象的临床观察与护理对策

目的:为提高游离足趾移植再造拇、手指的护理质量,预防血管危象的发生,减少血管痉挛诱发因素。方法:对468例560指再造拇、手指进行临床观察与护理。结果:有效解除了38例162次血管危象,再造拇、手指全部成活。结论:及时发现和处理血管危象,尽早恢复局部中血液循环,是组织成活的重要保证。     

TLR与足细胞损伤

TLRs是一类重要的模式识别受体家族,主要调节天然免疫反应.研究发现在肾脏固有细胞及间质细胞都有TLR表达,其介导的炎症反应参与了许多肾脏疾病的发生.多种足细胞标志蛋白的发现加快了足细胞表面分子的研究进程.目前已发现足细胞表面有TLR的表达,且TLR的表达与足细胞的损伤有关.文章综述了已经发现的TLR成员及其与足细胞损...     

喉乳头状瘤与尖锐湿疣

目的 探讨喉乳头状瘤患者中尖锐湿疣的发生,以利早期发现并综合治疗.方法 对2003-2008年57例喉乳头状瘤患者行乳头状瘤切除术,对其中5例证实为尖锐湿疣者行综合治疗.结果 5例喉尖锐湿疣治疗有效率为40%.结论 喉部乳头状瘤应及早行活检及免疫组织化学检查;对确诊为喉尖锐湿疣的患者应及时行综合治疗,以尽量减少其复发.     

红细胞压积与中风发病率的研究

对我国中风高发区和低发区六大地区的25个监测点40岁以上人群中抽出11677人检测了Hct,其中男6161人,女5516人。检测结果显示特高发区东北的平均Hct值高于高发区华北、低发区华南、华东地区。Hct的北高南低与中风发病率北高南低的情况颇为一致。Hct增高很可能成为北方中风发病的危险因素之一。     

大鼠胰岛分离纯化及其小鼠肾被膜下移植排斥反应的研究

目的:探讨胰岛分离技术和异种胰岛移植排斥反应机制。方法:在控制不同条件的情况下,使用胰管内胶原酶灌注和不连续密度梯度纯化法获取大鼠胰岛,行小鼠肾被膜下移植,分别于术后当日和第3,5,7天取出移植物,分析排斥反应情况。结果:纯化后平均获取500+67个胰岛/胰腺,纯度约在70％～80％。统计学分析高糖和茶碱对胰岛刺激引起的胰岛索分泌,提示纯化后的胰岛功能良好。在未使用免疫抑制剂的情况下,植入的胰岛多在1周内完全排斥掉。术后5天,胰岛的形态已被破坏,淋巴细胞大量增多;术后第7天见不到完整的胰岛轮廓,仅见大量的淋巴细胞浸润。结论:严格控制各种实验条件,完善分离纯化技术,是优化胰岛获取的关键。大鼠胰岛小鼠肾被膜下移植中树突状巨噬细胞参与了排斥反应过程。     

Facilitated Recall Following RFM And NREM Naps

A novel procedure was used to assess (a) the differential effects of REM and SWS on retention and (b) whether these sleep stages enhanced recall for different types of information. In a 2 × 2 factorial design, subjects were given non-meaningful and meaningful verbal learning tasks. Learning took place either early in the morning or late in the afternoon. Following learning subjects either slept or remained awake for a 2-hr retention interval, after which recall was assessed. Sleep for morning subjects was composed of stages 1, 2 and rapid eye movement sleep while sleep for afternoon subjects was composed of stages 1, 2 and slow wave sleep. Retention for both tasks was better following periods of sleep than following periods of wakefulness but no differences in recall were observed after REM vs. NREM naps.