成软骨细胞瘤影像学诊断

目的 探讨成软骨细胞瘤影像学表现特点。资料与方法 分析22例经手术病理或穿刺活检证实的成软骨细胞瘤资料,总结其X线平片、CT和MRI表现。结果 胫骨上端18例,股骨下端2例,肱骨上端2例。表现为骨骺区分叶状骨质破坏区,内见钙化和更低密度区;MR T1WI以低信号为主,T2WI上信号混杂,扩散加权成像（DWI）上呈等高信号。硬化边厚薄不一。病灶周围在X线和CT上见高密度骨质硬化区,MRI表现为骨髓水肿。骨膜反应常不与病灶相邻,MRI上为长T1、短T2信号,与皮质间见条状高信号。邻近软组织肿胀,部分患者见关节积液。MRI上病灶可呈环状或较均匀强化,骨髓水肿、骨膜反应和软组织肿胀均强化。结论 成软骨细胞瘤影像学表现较有特征性,结合X线平片、CT和MRI能做出正确诊断。     

软骨母细胞瘤的影像诊断价值

目的：分析软骨母细胞瘤的影像学特征及诊断价值。方法：回顾性分析24例经病理证实的软骨母细胞瘤的影像学资料,其中24例均有X线平片,20例CT扫描,12例MRI检查。结果：24例中,X线表现为骨质破坏（22例）,病灶周围硬化边（15例）,病灶内明显的斑点状及片状钙化（14例）。20例CT均显示清晰骨质破坏及硬化边,伴有明显的斑点/片状钙化（18例）,骨膜反应（5例）及周围软组织肿胀（9例）。12例MRI显示边界清楚的长T1、长短混杂T2信号,5例可见明显的骨髓水肿,3例显示骨膜反应,增强4例强化较明显。结论：软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现多具有一定的特征性,综合分析X线、CT、MRI表现有助于正确诊断。     

足跗骨软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现

目的:总结分析足跗骨软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现。方法:回顾性分析经临床病理证实的发生于足跗骨的5例软骨母细胞瘤的X线、CT及MRI表现。结果:5例均单发,2例位于跟骨,2例位于距骨,1例位于舟骨。X线主要表现为圆形或卵圆形透亮影,边界清楚,5例均可见病灶边缘硬化带形成,病灶内未见明显钙化。CT扫描显示肿瘤呈膨胀性生长,骨质破坏区边界锐利、硬化,灶周软组织肿胀,未见骨膜反应及软组织肿块,增强扫描呈轻度不均匀强化。MRI可见病灶形态呈分叶状,呈长、稍长T1信号,混杂T2信号,伴有灶周骨髓水肿及关节腔积液,灶周软组织水肿,增强扫描亦呈轻度不均匀强化。结论:足跗骨软骨母细胞瘤较少见,其影像学表现具有一定特征性。     

骨肉瘤X线平片、CT和MRI征象对比分析

目的 探讨骨肉瘤X线平片、CT和MRI的表现及其对骨肉瘤的诊断价值.方法 回顾性分析34例影像学资料完整并经病理证实的骨肉瘤,对骨肉瘤同一征象在不同检查方法的表现进行界定、观察、记录及统计学分析.结果 ①X线平片和CT显示瘤骨呈高密度,MRI显示絮状瘤骨6例.2例针状瘤骨在X线和CT不能显示,MRI呈长T1短T2信号.②MRI能显示X线平片和CT不能显示的骨膜反应和骨膜三角9例和4例.③骨皮质破坏:X线平片和CT显示骨皮质破坏的形态.MRI能显示骨皮质破坏的病理基础.④干骺端或骨端松质骨在X线平片和CT呈溶骨、成骨或混合性改变,MRI呈长T1长T2和(或)长T1短T2信号.⑤骨干髓腔病变:X线平片能显示肿瘤骨,CT显示液-液平面3例,MR上,19例能分清肿瘤实质与瘤周水肿.⑥骺板(痕)及骨骺侵犯:X线平片和CT能显示骨质破坏和肿瘤骨,MRI还能显示骺板(痕)及骨骺瘤周水肿.⑦肿块与软组织肿胀:X线平片显示3例有钙化的软组织肿块边缘清楚,而CT和MRI显示软组织肿块均边缘清楚,分别为28例和32例;X线平片不能显示软组织肿胀.结论 X线、CT和MRI在显示骨肉瘤的征象方面各具特点,三者互补可提高诊断的正确率.     

软骨母细胞瘤的影像诊断

目的:探讨软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现.材料和方法:回顾性分析34例经病理证实的软骨母细胞瘤的影像学资料,其中34例均有X线平片,1例X线分层,10例CT扫描,7例做了MRI检查.结果:34例中15例X线平片示病灶内有明显的大小不一的钙化,28例X线平片显示病灶边缘均清晰可见.10例行CT扫描的病例显示清晰病灶边界和相应钙化.7例MRI检查病灶为边界清楚,3例T1WI低信号、T2WI中低信号,4例T1WI低信号、T2WI多房高信号,3例可见相应的骨髓水肿,2例显示骨皮质反应,1例显示关节滑膜炎,1例MRI增强的病灶可见病灶部分实质和分房的间隔明显强化.结论:X线平片仍为软骨母细胞瘤的首选检查方法.CT较好地显示骨骼的微细改变.MRI对显示病灶的范围、大小、周围骨骼及软组织的水肿、骨皮质改变和相应的关节改变有明显的优势,并为鉴别诊断提供信息.     

骶骨骨巨细胞瘤X线、CT及MRI表现

目的分析骶骨骨巨细胞瘤(GCT)的X线、CT和MRI表现特点,探讨三种影像检查方法的临床应用价值。资料与方法 21例骶骨GCT均经手术病理证实,所有病例均行X线、CT和MRI检查,分析骶骨GCT的X线平片、CT、MRI表现特点,将影像学表现与手术病理结果进行对照,并经双盲法分析确认。结果 21例中,X线和CT显示囊性膨胀性骨质破坏18例,溶骨性骨质破坏15例,骨包壳不完整14例,MRI显示骨质破坏10例。X线显示侵犯骶髂关节及髂骨5例,CT显示16例,MRI显示11例。CT平扫显示软组织肿块12例,CT增强显示16例,MRI显示16例,其中巨大囊实性软组织肿块12例,10例可见液平面,病灶周围可见软组织水肿及骨髓水肿。骨质破坏在MR SE T1WI上呈等低信号,T2WI呈等信号。骨包壳在MRI上表现为低信号,X线和CT上表现为硬化环。软组织肿块实性部分在T1WI为等信号,T2WI及短时反转恢复(STIR)呈等高信号。囊性部分在T1WI为低信号,T2WI及STIR呈等高信号。软组织水肿及骨髓水肿在T2WI及STIR呈高信号。CT和MRI增强软组织肿块实性部分明显强化,囊性部分不强化。结论 X线、CT和MRI从不...     

软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现

目的 :探讨软骨母细胞瘤的影像学特征及诊断价值。方法 :分析9例经病理证实的软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现。结果:病灶位于肱骨3例、股骨3例、胫骨2例、距骨1例;病灶呈类圆形、分叶状骨质破坏区,膨胀性生长6例,偏心性生长7例。病灶内常见钙化灶,病灶周缘见硬化边,少数有软组织肿胀、骨膜反应。T1WI呈稍低信号,T2WI呈高低混杂信号,病灶周围骨髓腔见长T1、长T2水肿信号,骨膜反应呈条状长T1、短T2信号。结论:软骨母细胞瘤好发于青少年四肢长管骨骨骺区,具有一定的影像学特征,结合X线、CT和MRI一般能作出正确诊断,但应注意与其他骨病鉴别。     

Imaging diagnosis of chondroblastoma in unusual locations

目的:探讨少见部位软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现及其临床诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的7例少见部位软骨母细胞瘤患者的病例资料.肿瘤位于距骨2例、跟骨2例、髌骨、坐骨结节及耻骨下支各1例.行X线平片检查7例,CT平扫4例,MRI平扫及增强检查4例.结果:X线平片示膨胀性骨质破坏5例,囊状骨质破坏1例,灶周硬化3例,病灶内小斑片状钙化1例;平片漏诊1例.4例CT均显示膨胀性骨质破坏,灶周硬化,病灶内斑点状或小斑片状钙化.MRI上病变呈膨胀性骨质破坏3例,囊状骨质破坏1例,4例病灶信号均混杂,灶周均可见低信号线状影及明显的骨髓水肿.结论:少见部位软骨母细胞瘤具有膨胀性骨质破坏及灶周骨髓水肿明显的特点,平片、CT和MRI三种检查方法联合应用对本病的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值.     

成软骨细胞瘤的MRI表现特点

目的 分析成软骨细胞瘤的MRI表现特点.方法 对经病理证实的20例成软骨细胞瘤的MRI信号特点、病灶形态和生长方式,以及周围骨髓和软组织有无水肿、有无骨膜反应、相邻关节有无积液等征象进行分析.结果 20例病灶在T1WI和T2WI上表现为不均质的混杂信号,病灶形态为分叶状;16例病灶呈膨胀性生长;18例病灶周围出现骨髓水肿;14例病灶周围软组织水肿;6例病灶周围有骨膜反廊;7例病灶突破骨皮质向周围突出;6例棚邻的关节有关节积液.结论 成软骨细胞瘤在MRI上多表现为分叶状和膨胀性生长,病变呈不均质混杂信号,病灶周围有明显的骨髓水肿和邻近软组织水肿.     

少见部位软骨母细胞瘤的影像诊断

目的:探讨少见部位软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现及其临床诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析经病理证实的7例少见部位软骨母细胞瘤患者的病例资料。肿瘤位于距骨2例、跟骨2例、髌骨、坐骨结节及耻骨下支各1例。行X线平片检查7例,CT平扫4例,MRI平扫及增强检查4例。结果:X线平片示膨胀性骨质破坏5例,囊状骨质破坏1例,灶周硬化3例,病灶内小斑片状钙化1例;平片漏诊1例。4例CT均显示膨胀性骨质破坏,灶周硬化,病灶内斑点状或小斑片状钙化。MRI上病变呈膨胀性骨质破坏3例,囊状骨质破坏1例,4例病灶信号均混杂,灶周均可见低信号线状影及明显的骨髓水肿。结论:少见部位软骨母细胞瘤具有膨胀性骨质破坏及灶周骨髓水肿明显的特点,平片、CT和MRI三种检查方法联合应用对本病的诊断及鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

长骨骨干骨肉瘤X线、CT及MRI表现

目的 分析长骨骨干骨肉瘤X线、CT和MRI表现,探讨有关的临床特点和鉴别诊断.方法 28例长骨骨干骨肉瘤患者,均经手术与病理证实,其中病变位于股骨干18例、腓骨干4例、肱骨干4例、胫骨干2例.所有患者均行X线、CT和MR检查,对其影像学表现与手术病理结果进行对照,并由双盲法分析确认.结果 28例中,X线和CT显示广泛骨质破坏16例,骨膜反应22例.X线显示软组织肿块18例,肿瘤骨和瘤样钙化12例.CT平扫显示软组织肿块22例,增强扫描显示软组织肿块24例,肿瘤骨和瘤样钙化16例.MRI显示骨质破坏和骨膜反应10例,软组织肿块26例,其周围可见软组织水肿及骨髓水肿.骨膜反应在SE T1WI上呈等低信号,T2WI呈等信号.软组织肿块在T1WI为等信号,T2WI及STIR呈等高信号.软组织水肿及骨髓水肿在T2WI及STIR呈高信号.MRI增强检查显示病灶均呈不均匀强化,骨髓水肿和软组织肿块均见强化.结论 X线、CT和MRI从不同方面反映长骨骨干骨肉瘤的影像病理特点,其发病率低,骨破坏范围大,无病理性骨折.成骨型骨干骨肉瘤较易诊断,溶骨型应与Ewing瘤、恶性巨细胞瘤等鉴别.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the findings of diaphysial osteosarcoma in long bone on X-ray,CT and MRI, and discuss their clinical features and manifestations for differential diagnosis. Methods Twenty-eight cases with diaphysial osteosarcoma in long bone proved by surgery and pathology were reviewed retrospectively. Eighteen tumors were located in the femur, 4 in fibula, 4 in humerus and 2 in tibia. All of the patients were examined by X-ray, CT and MRI. The imaging manifestations on X-ray, CT and MRI were analyzed, and the relationship of the imaging features with the pathological types was also observed. The imaging signs were correlated with the pathologic findings with a double blind method. Results Of the 28 cases, there were 16 cases with large bone destruction, 22 cases with periosteal reaction on X-ray and CT. On X-ray, 18 cases showed soft tissue mass and 12 cases with neoplastic bone and tumor calcification.While on CT, 22 cases showed soft tissue mass on plain scan and 2 more cases displayed soft tissue mass after the injection of contrast mediun. Sixteen cases showed neoplastic bone and tumor calcification on CT.On MRI, there were 10 cases with bone destruction and periosteal reaction with iso- and hypo-intense on T1WI and iso- signals on T2WI. Twenty-six cases showed soft tissue edema and bone marrow on MRI. The soft mass were iso-signals on T1 WI and iso-hyperintense signals on T2 WI or STIR. The soft tissue edema was found hyperintense signals on T2WI or STIR. The lesions had heterogeneous enhancement especially in bone marrow with edema and adjcent soft tissue. Conclusion The X-ray, CT and MRI can reflect the pathological changes of diaphysial osteosarcoma in long bone from different aspects. Lower incidence, large bone destruction and no pathological fracture were the features of diaphysial osteosarcoma. The osteogenic type is diagnosed easily, but the osteolytic lesion should be differentiated from Ewing sarcoma, malignant giant cell tumor of bone and so on.     

四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形的X线及MRI表现

目的：探讨四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形的 X 线及 MRI 表现。方法回顾性分析经手术病理及 DSA 证实的89例四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形患者的临床、影像资料,其中89例均行 X 线平片检查,33例行 MRI 检查。结果 X 线检查中,骨质及软组织影未见异常者54例(60.7%),软组织异常者14例(15.7%),可见静脉石者30例(33.7%);骨质异常者32例(36.0%),其中伴骨膜反应者13例,皮质破坏16例,髓腔受累者10例,三者均受累者为7例弥漫性病灶。MRI 图像上,病灶呈蜂窝状或海绵状,T1 WI 上呈等低信号者25例(75.8%),低信号5例(15.2%),不均匀稍高信号3例(9.0%);T2 WI 上病灶为不均匀高信号伴低信号分隔,范围及边界显示清楚,其中9例内部可见低信号区伴血管流空影;检出静脉石10例(30.3%),呈低信号;增强后病变不均匀明显强化。骨质异常者18例(54.5%),均可见病灶紧邻骨质或呈半包绕、包绕改变,其中12例髓腔内可见异常信号影,3例为迂曲血管流空影。在15例(45.5%)骨质无改变患者中,3例病灶邻接骨质,余12例病灶与骨间隔以脂肪或肌肉组织。结论四肢深部软组织血管瘤和血管畸形可引起邻近骨质的异常,掌握其 X 线及 MRI 表现特征,有助于提高对本病的诊断与鉴别诊断能力。     

Chondroblastoma and clear cell chondrosarcoma: radiological and MRI characteristics with histopathological correlation

OBJECTIVE: To analyze and compare the radiological and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances of chondroblastoma and clear cell chondrosarcoma with histopathological correlation. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: Twelve patients with histologically proven chondroblastoma and of another four patients with clear cell chondrosarcoma were investigated by radiographs and MRI (T1-, T2-weighted sequences, intravenous gadolinium application). Additionally, the clinical and radiologic data of seven cases of clear cell chondrosarcoma without available MRI were considered. The localization, calcification of tumor matrix, periosteal reaction, cortical bone and patterns of bone destruction were analyzed according to the Lodwick radiological grading system (LRGS). The signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted sequences, characteristics of contrast enhancement, associated bone marrow edema, soft tissue reaction and joint involvement were evaluated. Histopathological specimens were available in all cases. RESULTS: The age of patients with chondroblastoma (range 15-59 years, mean 22.3 years) was lower than that of those with clear cell chondrosarcoma (range 19-61 years, mean 36.6 years), and the lesions were smaller in the chondroblastoma group (range 1-4 cm, mean 2.3 cm) than in patients with clear cell chondrosarcoma (range 3-7.5 cm, mean 5.2 cm). The chondroblastomas were more confined to the epiphysis (10/12) than the clear cell chondrosarcomas. All chondroblastomas and clear cell chondrosarcomas except one were classified as grade 1A or 1B according to the LRGS; one clear cell chondrosarcoma was judged as grade 2. Signal intensity of the tumors on MRI was very heterogeneous in both groups. High signal intensity on T2-weighted MR images in chondroblastoma mostly corresponded to areas with aneurysmal bone cyst components and in clear cell chondrosarcoma to islands of hyaline cartilage. Contrast enhancement occurred in all tumors and tended to be more intense with clear cell chondrosarcoma. Chondroblastoma was more frequently associated with bone marrow edema (11/12), periosteal reaction (10/12), soft tissue reaction (7/12) and synovitis (3/12). CONCLUSION: Chondroblastoma occurs in younger patients, is smaller than clear cell chondrosarcoma and is more confined to the epiphysis. The overlap of signal intensity and contrast enhancement patterns does not allow a reliable differentiation of the two tumors by MRI. Chondroblastomas are typically associated with bone marrow edema, periosteal reaction and soft tissue reaction.     

骨非霍奇金淋巴瘤影像诊断

目的 :探讨骨非霍奇金淋巴瘤影像表现及诊断要点。方法 :回顾性分析 2 0例经临床和病理确诊的非霍奇金淋巴瘤病例的X线、CT及MR表现。结果 :骨原发性非霍奇金淋巴瘤 13例 ,继发性 7例 ;B细胞源性 18例 ,T细胞源性 1例 ,组织细胞性 1例。 14例侵犯单骨 ,6例侵犯多骨 ,共侵犯 2 9个骨骼 ,其中骨盆 10例次 ( 10 / 2 9) ,股骨 6例次 ( 6/ 2 9) ,脊柱6例次 ( 6/ 2 9)。X线及CT表现为溶骨型 6例 ,浸润型 4例 ,硬化型 1例 ,混合型 7例 ,囊状膨胀型 2例。 6例MRI检查 4例呈长T1、长T2 信号 ,1例呈中等混杂T1、长T2 信号 ,1例呈等T1、混杂T2 信号 ,增强后均呈斑片状不均匀强化。骨皮质广泛破坏及中断 8例 ,筛孔样破坏 4例 ,皮质完整 8例。全部有软组织肿块 ,14例呈环形 ,包绕病骨生长 ,并超越骨病变的范围 ,3例呈梭形 ,3例呈局限性。 7例有骨膜反应 ,5例合并病理性骨折。结论 :本病最常发生于骨盆、股骨及脊柱 ,多侵犯单骨 ,亦可多骨发病 ,常表现为浸润性、溶骨性及混合性骨破坏。骨破坏范围广泛 ,骨皮质破坏较轻或完整 ,巨大软组织肿块 ,并包绕病骨周围生长是其影像学特点 ,可能与肿瘤细胞产生的细胞因子有关 ,后者可控制广泛的破骨活性。诊断需密切结合临床和病理。     

软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现及对比研究

目的分析对比软骨母细胞瘤的X线、CT及MR影像学特征。方法分析经病理证实且于2周内行X线、CT和MR检查的22例软骨母细胞瘤病人的影像学表现。2例同时行CT平扫和增强扫描,7例同时行MR平扫和增强扫描。结果病灶位于胫骨上端11例,股骨下端4例,髌骨2例,肱骨上端、股骨上端、颞骨和下颌骨各1例。1例恶性者发生于髂骨并同时累及骶骨。X线表现为骨质破坏(21),病灶内斑片状、斑点状和(或)条状致密影(5),病灶周围边界不清的斑片状硬化(10)。CT上,病灶呈类圆形分叶状(14),内为软组织密度(7),伴有斑片状、斑点状和(或)结节状钙化(15),病灶周围出现边界不清的斑片状硬化(15),病变周围软组织肿胀(18)。病灶在T2WI和脂肪预饱和T2WI均呈混杂信号(22),病灶周围髓腔内有边界不清的斑片状长T1长T2信号(20)。结论良性软骨母细胞瘤的影像学表现多具有特征性,X线平片、CT和MRI多数征象相互对应。     

胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤的CT和MRI表现特征

目的 分析胚胎发育不良性神经上皮瘤(DNT)的CT和MRI表现特征,以提高该病的诊断准确性.方法 对经手术病理证实的10例DNT的CT和MR材料进行回顾性分析.结果 10例均位于幕上,局限于皮层或以皮层为主,呈类圆形、分叶状、楔形或不规则状假囊肿样.T_1WI呈低信号,T_2WI呈高信号,FLAIR像见完整或不完整高信号"环征"及分隔,其他部分呈等偏低信号,DWI上呈低或等偏低信号,波谱表现NAA轻度降低.增强后7例病变无强化,3例病变内呈轻度不均匀强化,无病变周围水肿及占位效应,病灶边界大部分清晰,其中1例病灶无明显边界.2例CT扫描病变均呈低密度改变,其中1例病灶内有条状钙化.结论 DNT在影像学上表现较具特征性,有助于术前正确诊断.