乳腺叶状肿瘤的临床与影像诊断

乳腺叶状肿瘤（PTs）是由乳腺间质和上皮成分构成的纤维上皮型肿瘤,常需要与乳腺纤维腺瘤鉴别。乳腺叶状肿瘤临床手术切除后复发和转移率较高,因此首次术式选择非常重要,强调切除范围应足够大,术前影像学检查可为诊断提供必要的参考,从而提示临床选择恰当的手术方式。就PTs的临床病理特点和影像学表现进行综述。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤的影像诊断与病理对照分析

目的 探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤(PTB)的X线和超声影像表现特征,提高对本病的术前诊断水平.方法 搜集经手术病理证实的23例PTB患者资料,回顾分析其影像学表现和临床及病理特点.23例术前均行X线摄片及超声检查,其中有3例术前行核芯针穿刺活检.结果 23例PTB术后病理诊断:良性6例,交界性4例,恶性13例；X线表现为直径1.70～13.5 cm单侧孤立肿块,呈类圆形5例,有分叶18例；高密度16例；边界清晰14例,7例伴有“晕征”；2例伴有周围腺体结构扭曲,3例可见“彗尾征”,4例伴有少量粗大钙化,5例伴有血管增粗；超声表现均为低回声团块,21例回声不均,5例有囊变坏死；6例后方回声增强；17例包膜完整；彩色多普勒血流显像显示13例血流信号丰富.本组均未见腋下淋巴转移.3例术前行核芯针穿刺病理诊断与术后病理诊断相符,交界性1例,恶性2例.结论 PTB影像表现有一定的特征,但缺乏特异性征象,多种影像检查方法联合应用,综合分析可提高术前诊断.对可能为PTB的病例行核芯针穿刺活检,结合免疫组织化学检查,可作为术前辅助诊断相对肯定的一种方法也可以用于肿瘤分级.     

应用乳腺影像报告和数据系统分析乳腺叶状肿瘤的影像表现

目的 应用乳腺影像报告和数据系统(BI-RADS)探讨乳腺叶状肿瘤的X线、超声及MRI表现,以期提高对该病的影像诊断能力.方法 收集2004-2011年经手术病理证实的乳腺叶状肿瘤18例(20个病灶),其中良性6例,交界性5例,恶性7例.13例行乳腺X线摄影检查,13例做乳腺超声检查,4例行乳腺MRI检查.1例患者为单侧乳腺多发(3个)肿瘤,余17例为单发.按照BI-RADS术语,回顾性分析其影像表现及病变分类,并与大体及镜下病理表现对照.结果 无论良性、交界性还是恶性,影像表现为:除1例于X线摄影表现为局部致密及2例于超声表现为椭圆形,余肿块均为分叶状;边界清楚;＜5 cm肿块除1例回声不均匀,余回声(或信号)均匀,而＞5 cm者因囊变易回声(或信号)不均匀;血供丰富;未见钙化;未侵犯乳头及皮肤;未见腋窝淋巴结转移.交界性及恶性者MRI动态增强曲线为III型,扩散加权成像表现为高信号,波谱见胆碱峰.BI-RADS病变分类多为4类.结论 应用BI-RADS有利于乳腺叶状肿瘤影像结果的综合比较.     

乳腺分叶状肿瘤影像表现分析

目的：探讨乳腺分叶状肿瘤(PTB)影像表现特征。方法收集经手术病理证实的 PTB 35例,分析其临床特点及影像特征。结果35例 PTB(36个病灶)中19个良性,8个交界性,9个恶性。X 线表现为卵圆形(16/36)或分叶状肿块(20/36),大部分呈高密度(30/36),边界清晰(28/36),所有病灶均未见钙化、毛刺、皮肤增厚、乳头内陷及腋窝淋巴结肿大。1例 MRI 表现为分叶状肿块,T1 WI 呈等/稍低信号,T2 WI 呈不均匀高信号,DWI 呈稍高信号,动态增强时间-信号曲线为Ⅱ型。结论PTB 的临床及影像学表现具有一定的特点,术前可提示诊断,最终诊断依靠手术病理。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤 MRI表现特征分析

目的：分析乳腺叶状肿瘤（PTB）的MRI表现,提高对该病的认识和诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的13例PTB的M RI表现,包括肿瘤的形态特征、平扫信号强度、动态增强表现及时间信号强度曲线,类型、DWI信号特征,并与病理结果对照。结果13例PTB均单发。病灶大小为6．2cm ×4．2cm～1．2cm×1．1cm。4例分叶状呈多发结节融合样改变,9例边缘轻度分叶,8例在分叶间见条状分隔延伸至肿瘤内部。M RI平扫T1 WI呈等或稍低信号, T2 WI 9例呈混杂高信号,4例呈均匀高信号。DWI（b值＝800s／mm2）8例呈较高信号,5例呈稍高信号;6例同时检测了ADC图,呈高信号。动态增强扫描11例较均匀明显强化,2例不均匀明显强化,见囊变未强化区。T IC 10例呈Ⅱ型,Ⅰ型2例,Ⅲ型1例。术后病理诊断：良性9例,交界性4例,未见恶性 PTB。结论 PTB的 M RI表现具有一定特征性, M RI检查有助于该病的诊断。     

超声对乳腺叶状肿瘤的诊断价值

目的:研究超声诊断乳腺叶状肿瘤的声像图特征及临床应用价值。材料和方法:回顾性分析经手术病理证实的26例PTB的超声表现。结果:26例PTB中,13例为良性,8例为交界性,5例为恶性。7例表现为囊实性肿块,4例内部有钙化点。肿瘤最大径>5cm的16例PTB中,交界性与恶性共7例,恶性PTB彩色血流显示多为Ⅱ级。结论:PTB在超声图像上,有一些特征表现。超声对PTB的术前评价、鉴别诊断及术后随访具有特殊的临床价值。肿块局部边界不清、内部有囊变或钙化、内部血流丰富则提示恶性的可能。PTB大小与良、恶性之间无明显联系。     

超声对乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤的鉴别诊断价值

乳腺叶状肿瘤（phyllodes tumor of the breast,PTB）以往曾称为叶状褒肉瘤,2003年WHO将其命名为叶状肿瘤,该肿瘤大部分为良性。其临床及超声表现与纤维腺瘤（breast fibroadenoma,BY）较为相似,影像学鉴别诊断较为困难。     

乳腺叶状肿瘤MRI表现特征分析

目的分析乳腺叶状肿瘤(phyllodes tumors,PTs)MRI平扫、动态增强、扩散加权成像(DWI)和磁共振波谱(MRS)表现特征,提高对本病MRI诊断水平。资料与方法搜集2005年1月至2008年12月期间于我院行乳腺MRI检查并经手术病理证实的5例乳腺PTs,按照美国放射学会提出的乳腺影像报告和数据系统磁共振成像(BI-RADS-MRI)标准,回顾性分析病变的MRI表现,包括形态学、平扫T1WI及T2WI信号、动态增强表现及强化曲线类型、DWI信号及表观扩散系数(ADC)值和MRS表现特征。结果5例乳腺PTs病理诊断良性1例,交界性2例,恶性2例。MRI上4例表现为分叶状,1例为卵圆形;5例PTsMRI平扫T1WI均呈较低信号,T2WI呈高信号,其中1例内有低信号分隔;4例行动态增强检查的PTs于动态增强早中期(增强后第一至第三时相)呈快速渐进性强化,动态增强中后期时间-信号强度曲线3例呈平台型,1例呈轻度流出型;5例PTs于DWI上均呈高信号,ADC值低于正常乳腺组织,且低于鉴别乳腺良恶性病变的ADC界值;3例行MRS检查,均可见胆碱(Cho)峰。结论MRI检查有助于乳腺PTs的诊断,但确诊仍需...     

MRI在乳腺叶状肿瘤与纤维腺瘤鉴别诊断中的价值

目的 分析乳腺叶状肿瘤(PTs)的MRI特征,提高PTs与纤维腺瘤(FAs)的鉴别诊断水平.方法 搜集经手术病理证实、行MRI检查的PTs患者10例及FAs患者33例,分析其MRI表现,并进行统计学分析,比较两者的差异.结果 10例PTs中,术后病理诊断良性2例,交界性8例.叶状肿瘤具有短期内明显增大病史,在最大横径、深分叶、T1WI上存在高信号区域、T2囊性成分、低信号的分隔、不均匀强化、增多的血管、时间-信号强度曲线上,与FAs有统计学差异(P =0.026).在T2WI信号、胆碱(Cho)峰值上,两者没有统计学差异.结论 PTs和FAs在MRI表现上有一定差异,有助于PTs的正确诊断.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤的MRI特征及鉴别诊断

乳腺叶状肿瘤（PT）是一类少见的乳腺肿瘤,具有上皮和间叶细胞双向分化的特点,表现多样,在临床及影像上可与纤维腺瘤、边缘光整的乳腺癌或乳腺肉瘤相似,在治疗及预后方面则明显不同。传统影像学诊断PT价值有限,而在乳腺增强MRI及功能成像上,PT的影像表现具有一定特征性,对术前诊断及活检穿刺定位有重要意义。就PT的临床表现、病理、MRI特征及鉴别诊断予以综述。     

Differentiation between benign phyllodes tumors and fibroadenomas of the breast on MR imaging

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that contribute to the differentiation between phyllodes tumors (PTs) and fibroadenomas (FAs) on MR imaging.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included 19 PTs and 18 FAs with ≥2 cm diameter. The presence or absence of a capsule and internal septum, the extent of lobulation, and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were determined. The presence or absence of a cystic component, the time–intensity curve, and the signal intensity on delayed-phase contrast-enhanced T1WI were also evaluated in 31 patients (16 PTs and 17 FAs) who underwent a contrast-enhanced study.

Results

Cystic components were seen in 10 of the 16 PTs (63%) and in 4 of the 17 FAs (24%; P = 0.03). The PTs showed strong lobulation more frequently compared to the FAs (14/19 [74%] vs. 7/18 [39%], respectively; P = 0.04). Though there was no significant difference, PT tended to be heterogeneous more frequently on the delayed phase of the contrast-enhanced T1WI compared to the FA (11/16 [69%] vs. 7/17 [41%], respectively). No significant difference was found in the other findings.

Conclusions

Although PTs and FAs show similar MR findings, the presence of a cystic component, strong lobulation, and heterogeneity on delayed-phase contrast-enhanced T1WI suggests a PT.     

Imaging findings in phyllodes tumors of the breast

Purpose

To study the radiological appearance and pathological features of breast phyllodes tumors (PTs), and to enhance the recognition of the tumor.

Materials and methods

Clinical and imaging findings were retrospectively reviewed in 24 women with PTs confirmed by surgical pathology. All of the 24 patients had preoperative MRI and sonography, and 10 had preoperative mammography.

Results

The histologic findings were benign, borderline and malignant PTs in 16.7% (4/24), 45.8% (11/24) and 37.5% (9/24) of cases, respectively. The tumor size (p = 0.001), irregular shape on sonographic imaging (p = 0.039), internal non-enhanced septations (p = 0.009), silt-like changes in enhanced images (p = 0.006) and signal changes from T2-weighted to enhanced images on MRI (p = 0.001) correlated significantly with the histologic grade; the BI-RADS category of the MRI could reflect the PT's histologic grade with a correlation coefficient of 0.440 (p = 0.031). If the category BI-RADS ≥4a was considered to be a suspicious malignant lesion, the diagnostic accuracy of mammography, US and MRI would be 70% (7/10), 62.5% (15/24) and 95.8% (23/24), respectively.

Conclusion

The tumor size and several US and MRI findings can be used to help preoperatively determine the histologic grade of breast PTs. When a patient presents with a progressively enlarging, painless breast mass, MRI should be recommended first.     

乳腺肿瘤的影像学诊断进展

X线摄影、CT、超声、MRI及PET等影像学检查是目前诊断乳腺肿瘤的主要方法。通过复习近年来的大量文献,对各种影像学方法做了比较后认为:每种影像学检查方法在乳腺肿瘤的诊断方面均有自身的优点,同时也存在各自的局限性,因此临床应针对不同的乳腺疾病有目的地选择检查方法,并且应由单一检查方法的应用向多种方法的互补应用转变,由单纯的诊断向诊治结合方向发展。     

Giant phyllodes tumors of the breast: imaging findings with clinicopathological correlation in 14 cases

Purpose

To describe imaging features in giant phyllodes tumors (GPTs) with radiology-pathologic correlations.

Materials and Methods

Surgically confirmed 14 GPTs of the breast were retrospectively reviewed with ultrasound, mammograms, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography.

Results

The most GPTs showed circumscribed and lobulated masses with cystic necrosis. Five cases of core needle biopsy results were benign other than GPTs.

Conclusion

Radiology-pathologic correlation in GPTs is essential, due to differences of pathologic results (5/14 in our study) between core biopsy and surgical pathology.     

Mammography in the diagnosis of phyllodes tumors of the breast. Analysis of 99 cases]

The clinical history of the phyllodes tumor and its rather complex histologic patterns, ranging from benignity to malignity, often make both preoperative diagnostic procedures and the therapeutic approach very difficult to apply strictly. We reviewed the mammographic examinations of 99 patients observed and treated at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori of Milan, 1975 to 1989, looking for a mammographic-histologic correlation useful for both an unquestionable and early diagnosis and adequate excision. Many parameters were considered for each histologic type of phyllodes tumor (65 benign, 20 borderline, and 14 malignant), such as opacity, size, shape and borders of the tumor, presence/absence of calcifications inside, and radiolucent halo. The lesion was evident in all 3 projections in 85 cases (85.5%). Tumor contour was rounded in 45 instances and polycyclic in 54. Margins were distinct or mostly distinct in 81 instances (81.8%), indistinct in 11 (11.1%), and irregular in 7 (7%). The radiolucent halo was complete in 11 cases (11.1%), incomplete in 50 (50.5%), and absent in 38 (38.4%). In our experience, the most useful and characterizing mammographic parameters were tumoral borders and opacity.     

乳腺肿瘤的影像学诊断现状与进展

近年来,乳腺肿瘤的发病率明显升高,尤其是乳腺癌的发病率逐年上升,在一些大城市已居女性恶性肿瘤之首。目前主要的检查方法包括近红外线,X线钼钯,B超,CT,MRI,PET等。     

Differentiation of phyllodes breast tumors from fibroadenomas on MRI

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to evaluate the MRI appearance of phyllodes breast tumors and to differentiate them from fibroadenomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images were obtained on a 1.5-T imager. T1- and T2-weighted sequences and dynamic 2D fast-field echo T1-weighted sequences were performed. MR images of 23 patients with 24 phyllodes breast tumors (one malignant, 23 benign) were analyzed with respect to morphology and contrast enhancement. The tumors were compared with the MRI appearance of 81 fibroadenomas of 75 patients. RESULTS: Well-defined margins were seen in 87.5% of the phyllodes tumors and 70.4% of the fibroadenomas, and a round or lobulated shape in 100% and 90.1%, respectively. A heterogeneous internal structure was observed in 70.8% of phyllodes tumors and in 49.4% of fibroadenomas. Nonenhancing internal septations were found in 45.8% of phyllodes tumors and 27.2% of fibroadenomas. A significantly greater increase in signal was seen on T2-weighted images in the tissue surrounding phyllodes tumors (21%) compared with fibroadenomas (1.2%). Most of both lesions appeared with low signal intensity on T1- and T2-weighted images. After the administration of contrast material, 33.3% of phyllodes tumors and 22.2% of fibroadenomas showed a suspicious signal intensity-time course. CONCLUSION: Phyllodes breast tumors and other fibroadenomas cannot be precisely differentiated on breast MRI. Phyllodes tumors have benign morphologic features and contrast enhancement characteristics suggestive of malignancy in 33% of cases.     

乳腺叶状肿瘤的MRI表现及临床病理学分析

目的:分析乳腺叶状肿瘤(phyllodes tumors,PTs)的MRI表现,以提高MRI的诊断价值。方法:回顾性分析8例PTs患者的临床及影像资料,包括肿瘤在T1WI、STIR序列上的信号强度,肿瘤大小、形状、边缘、内部强化方式、早期强化率、时间-信号强度曲线(time-signal intensity curve,TIC)类型及ADC值;比较PTs与正常腺体ADC值的差异。结果:8例乳腺PTs中,3例良性,4例交界性,1例恶性。MRI平扫T1WI呈等及较低信号,STIR呈高信号,3例肿瘤内见低信号未强化分隔,6例见裂隙状高信号;最大径线2.4~7.5cm;2例呈圆形、类圆形,6例呈分叶状;8例边缘均较清晰;增强扫描病灶均呈不均匀强化;7例PTs早期强化率大于100%,1例50%且100%;TIC类型1例为流入型,5例为平台型,2例为廓清型。DWI病灶均呈高信号,且ADC值低于正常腺体,PTs平均ADC值为(1.30±0.25)×10-3 mm2/s,正常腺体ADC值为(1.64±0.12)×10-3 mm2/s,二者差异有统计学意义(t=3.375,P0.05)。结论:乳腺PTs的MRI征象具有一定的特征性,结合其临床特点综合分析,可提高其术前诊断准确率。