光相干断层扫描血管成像观察新生血管性ARMD的临床研究

目的：利用光相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)观察新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性(neovascular age-related macular degeneration,nARMD)患者的脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)及接受抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)治疗前后的变化。

方法：本研究为病例系列分析研究。纳入2017-05/12就诊于我院眼科的nARMD患者29例37眼。所有患者玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF治疗前和治疗后1d,1wk,1mo及每月随访时均行OCTA检查,共随访3～6mo,观察抗VEGF治疗前后CNV病灶形态和大小、中心凹旁浅层视网膜血管密度和血流灌注的变化。

结果：nARMD患者CNV病灶的组织结构中不成熟的结构、小分支血管和毛细血管对抗VEGF的治疗应答反应较好; 术前基线病灶面积为1.27±1.88mm²,术后第1d病灶面积为1.13±1.79mm²,CNV病灶在抗VEGF治疗后1d即可缩小,最终病灶大小稳定在1mo时的病灶面积水平,与治疗前比较差异有统计学意义(P=0.001); 抗VEGF治疗后3mo,中心凹旁浅层视网膜血管密度和血流灌注明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P=0.003、0.015)。

结论：OCTA能够无创、清晰地显示nARMD患者CNV病灶的细微结构变化和定量分析CNV病灶面积的变化。OCTA还能够对视网膜血管进行分层显示,定量分析视网膜微循环的变化,在nARMD患者的病情监测和指导治疗方面有重要的临床应用价值。     

Reproducibility of quantitative optical coherence tomography subanalysis in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

PURPOSE: To determine the intergrader reproducibility for computer-assisted grading of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), by using a standardized grading procedure. METHODS: Sixty OCT image sets (of six radial lines each) were independently analyzed by two graders using validated custom software (OCTOR) to draw boundaries manually on OCT B-scans. Spaces delineated by these boundaries included retina, subretinal fluid, subretinal tissue, and pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs). Volume measurements for the nine Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) subfields and the mean foveal center point (FCP) thickness were calculated by the software and compared by using weighted kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS: Intergrader comparison of the foveal central subfield (FCS) volume, total volume, and mean FCP thickness showed a high level of agreement and strong correlation between measurements for all spaces (kappa(weighted) = 0.72-0.97; ICC = 0.92-0.99). The best agreement was observed for total volume of the combination of all four graded spaces (kappa(weighted) = 0.97, mean difference = 0.31 mm(3), or 2.51%). The highest ICCs were seen for FCP thickness measurements. The poorest agreement was found for grading of subretinal tissue. Eyes with advanced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and poor visibility of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) band appeared to show the greatest intergrader discrepancies. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of OCT images by trained graders using computer-assisted grading software allows for highly reproducible quantitative measurements, even in eyes with complex diseases such as neovascular AMD. Quantitative subanalysis may be useful in studying the differential morphologic effect of therapies on various anatomic components.     

Optical coherence tomography reader agreement in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

PURPOSE: To determine the interreader and intrareader agreement at the Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) Reading Center at Duke for images produced for an interventional neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) clinical trial. DESIGN: Retrospective, observational case series. METHODS: OCT was performed using the Stratus OCT Fast Macular Thickness Map (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Dublin, California, USA) scan mode and a 7-mm line scan centered on the fovea. Experienced OCT readers, certified to grade scans according to a standardized protocol, independently determined whether a scan was gradable. If gradable, each of the scans was graded for multiple morphologic characteristics. In addition, retinal thickness, subretinal fluid thickness, and choroidal neovascularization (CNV) thickness at the fovea were measured for each gradable scan. Interreader agreement was determined among three reader pairs. Readers regraded a subset of scans and intrareader agreement was determined. RESULTS: The interreader agreement was high for scan gradability and scan grades among three reader pairs, ranging from 84% to 100% and from 84% to 96%, respectively. Similarly, the intrareader agreement for scan gradability and scan grade, including comparison of adjudicated scan grades with readjudicated scan grades, was high and ranged from 91% to 100% and from 79% to 98%, respectively, except for scan grades of retinal pigment epithelium atrophy, when CNV was present. Highly reproducible results also were found for quantitative thickness measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Well-trained OCT readers can grade independently, with a high level of interreader and intrareader agreement, multiple morphologic parameters of OCT scans obtained from eyes with neovascular AMD. Reproducible Stratus OCT scan data will be valuable to monitor treatment efficacy in interventional clinical trials of neovascular AMD.     

SD-OCT在新生血管性老年性黄斑变性随访中的作用

谱域光学相干断层扫描技术（ spectral-domain optical coherence tomography,SD-OCT）的革新可以协助我们更好地观察新生血管性老年性黄斑变性（ neovascular age-related macular degeneration,NVAMD）的病程进展,并且监测其治疗效果。抗血管内皮生长因子（ anti-vascular endothelial growth factor,抗VEGF）药物治疗这种新型方法,已被证实可以有效治疗NVAMD,然而治疗后的长期随访和再治疗成为维持现有视力的关键问题。在抗VEGF治疗过程中, SD-OCT成像有助于早期识别脉络膜新生血管的复发。本文将进一步阐述在NVAMD患者接受玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF治疗后, SD-OCT在随访中的作用。     

老年性黄斑变性光学相干断层扫描观察

目的 观察萎缩型，渗出型老年黄斑变性（Age-related macular degeneration AMD）患者的光学相干断层扫描图像特征。比较光学相干断层扫描（Optical Coherence Tomography OCT）和荧光血管造影（Fluorescein angiography FFA）的特点，对脉络膜新生血管（Choroidal neovascularization CNV）进行OCT分型。方法 经FFA确诊的AMD57例76只眼进行OCT检查。结果 AMD患者色素上皮萎缩，软性玻璃膜疣，神经上皮和色素上皮脱离具有特有的OCT特征，OCT图像中视网膜神经上皮增厚、隆起反映视网膜下，视网膜层间积液。神经上皮或色素上皮（Retinal pigment epithelium，RPE）隆起，其下低反射区反映神经上皮或RPE层脱离。CNV的OCT图像分为边界清晰的CNV，边界模糊的CNV，纤维血管性RPE脱离。FFA中的典型性CNV相当于OCT图像中边界清晰CNV，隐匿性CNV相当于OCT图像中边界模糊CNV和纤维血管性RPE脱离。结论 OCT能特征性显示AMD中视网膜神经上皮隆起，视网膜层间积液，出血，神经上皮和RPE的脱离，且显示不同类型CNV的OCT特征。     

Impact of optical coherence tomography angiography on the non-invasive diagnosis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology - To investigate the changes in imaging tool practice for the diagnosis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD)....     

渗出型老年性黄斑变性的光学相干断层扫描观察

目的 观察渗出型老年性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)的光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)图像特征。 方法 对荧光素眼底血管造影(fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA)确诊的16例渗出型AMD患者的19只患眼作OCT检查,其中4例6只眼并进行吲哚青绿血管造影(indocyanine green angiography, ICGA)检查。对其彩色眼底像、FFA、ICGA和OCT图像资料进行比较。 结果 与FFA、ICGA检查结果比较,AMD患眼的OCT改变主要有：①浆液性神经上皮脱离和层间水肿11只眼;②视网膜层间出血2只眼;③浆液性色素上皮脱离5只眼;④出血性色素上皮脱离10只眼;⑤瘢痕性脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)4只眼;⑥纤维血管膜性色素上皮脱离和隐匿型 CNV 12只眼。 结论 OCT从断面上观察和诊断渗出型AMD病变,对FFA、ICGA有补充作用。(中华眼底病杂志,2000,16:220-223)     

Segmentation error and macular thickness measurements obtained with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography devices in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Purpose:

To evaluate frequency and severity of segmentation errors of two spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) devices and error effect on central macular thickness (CMT) measurements.

Materials and Methods:

Twenty-seven eyes of 25 patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, examined using the Cirrus HD-OCT and Spectralis HRA + OCT, were retrospectively reviewed. Macular cube 512 × 128 and 5-line raster scans were performed with the Cirrus and 512 × 25 volume scans with the Spectralis. Frequency and severity of segmentation errors were compared between scans.

Results:

Segmentation error frequency was 47.4% (baseline), 40.7% (1 month), 40.7% (2 months), and 48.1% (6 months) for the Cirrus, and 59.3%, 62.2%, 57.8%, and 63.7%, respectively, for the Spectralis, differing significantly between devices at all examinations (P < 0.05), except at baseline. Average error score was 1.21 ± 1.65 (baseline), 0.79 ± 1.18 (1 month), 0.74 ± 1.12 (2 months), and 0.96 ± 1.11 (6 months) for the Cirrus, and 1.73 ± 1.50, 1.54 ± 1.35, 1.38 ± 1.40, and 1.49 ± 1.30, respectively, for the Spectralis, differing significantly at 1 month and 2 months (P < 0.02). Automated and manual CMT measurements by the Spectralis were larger than those by the Cirrus.

Conclusions:

The Cirrus HD-OCT had a lower frequency and severity of segmentation error than the Spectralis HRA + OCT. SD-OCT error should be considered when evaluating retinal thickness.     

Changes on optical coherence tomography angiography and fluorescein angiography in eyes with neovascular age-related macular degeneration

AIM: To evaluate the changes on optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) and fluorescein angiography (FA) and their correlation in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) before and after intravitreal aflibercept injections (IAIs). METHODS: In 43 treatment-naïve patients with nAMD, choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in OCTA were morphologically and quantitatively analyzed before and after IAIs to determine whether they are correlated with leakage on FA or not. By combining CNV in OCTA and leakage in FA, lesions were characterized as three types: L+C+ (with both CNV and leakage), L-C+ (with CNV but without leakage), or L+C- lesion (with leakage outside CNV). RESULTS: Before IAI, while 27 eyes had L+C+ lesion only, 16 eyes had both L+C+ and L-C+ lesions simultaneously. Tiny capillaries and anastomosis in CNV were more developed in L+C+ lesion, at 86.0% and 58.1%, respectively, relative to 9.3% and 9.3% in L-C+ lesions (P<0.001). After IAIs in 33 eyes, tiny capillaries and anastomosis were decreased in the lesions with cessation of leakage on FA (P<0.001 and P=0.001, respectively). In quantitative analysis, neovascularization length and numbers of junctions and endpoints were also significantly decreased. CONCLUSION: Leakage on FA is associated with CNV morphology in OCTA and remained so after IAIs. Therefore, by carefully assessing the morphological and quantitative changes of CNV in OCTA before and after treatment, activity of nAMD is expected even though CNV on OCTA is not completely matched with fluorescein leakage.     

Optical coherence tomography findings during pegaptanib therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration

BACKGROUND: To evaluate macular thickness measured by optical coherence tomography (OCT) during pegaptanib therapy for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: For this prospective, nonrandomized, observational case series, 41 eyes from 41 patients with neovascular AMD received intravitreous pegaptanib (1 mg) injections repeated every 6 weeks. The primary outcome measure was central foveal thickness measured by OCT. Secondary outcomes were fluorescein angiographic leakage and visual acuity. RESULTS: Mean thickness of the central area on OCT decreased from 340 +/- 24 microm to 299 +/- 14 microm after 12 weeks of pegaptanib injections. This represents a reduction in thickening of 32%. Fluorescein angiograms with definite leakage decreased from 100% to 81%, and mean visual acuity decreased from 20/116 to 20/120. CONCLUSIONS: Intravitreal injections of pegaptanib at 6-week intervals result in a moderate reduction of central foveal thickness in eyes with subfoveal neovascular AMD. This presents a modest effect relative to that reported with other anti-angiogenic agents.     

渗出型老年黄斑变性患者眼底相干光断层成像结果分析

目的：了解渗出型老年黄斑变性（age-related macular degeneration,AMD）患者的眼底相干光断层成像（optical coherence tomography,OCT）特征。方法：对经常规检查、荧光素眼底血管造影（fundus fluorescein angiography,FFA）、吲哚青绿脉络血管造影（indocyanine green angiography,ICGA）确诊的渗出型AMD患者38例（42只眼）行眼底OCT检查,分析其图像资料,并与其FFA和ICGA检查结果进行比较。结果：OCT图像特征：典型纤维性新生血管膜34只眼,浆液性视网膜神经上皮脱离38只眼,视网膜神经纤维层脱离合并层间水肿8只眼,出血性和浆液性视网膜色素上皮（retinal pigment epithelium,RPE）脱离分别为11只眼和9只眼。结论：渗出型AMD患者眼底OCT图像特征为典型的纤维性新生血管膜合并浆液性视网膜神经上皮脱离、视网膜神经纤维层脱离、浆液性和出血性RPE脱离。上述图像特点证实和补充了FFA和ICGA检查结果,有助于渗出型AMD的诊断和评价。     

OCTA在湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性诊疗中的研究进展

光学相干断层扫描血管成像(optical coherence tomography angiography,OCTA)是一种快捷的、无创的新兴成像技术,可以定性、定量分析视网膜血流灌注,在临床的应用越来越广泛。脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)是湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性(neovascular age-related macular degeneration,nARMD)导致老年人视力丧失的主要原因,因此在nARMD中对CNV的检测十分重要。本文通过OCTA对CNV的诊断、形态、面积及血流灌注的分析,综述了其在nARMD诊疗中的研究进展。