老年人的抑郁症状及其护理对策

本文作者对 5 6例老年住院病人进行老年抑郁量表 (ＧＤＳ)调查 ,以了解老年住院病人抑郁症状的发生情况及相关因素 ,并提出相应护理措施。现报告如下。1　资料和方法1.1　资料　本组资料选自我院老年科 1998年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 1月之间住院的病人。共计 5 6例 ,其中男性 30例 ,女性 2 6例 ;年龄 6 5～ 82岁 ,平均 (6 9.5±7.2 )岁 ;配偶健在 2 9例 ,无配偶者 2 7例 (含离异、丧偶者 ) ;小学文化 18例、初中 16例、高中 12例、大学5例、文盲 5例 ;有子女 4 6例、无子女 10例 ;家庭经济困难者 2 6例 (人均 30 0元 /月以下 ) ,家庭经济较好及好…     

社区老人抑郁症状的5年随访

目的 了解老年人群抑郁症状的动态变化及与痴呆的联系。方法 在５年中对７９７名５５岁以上居民以流调用抑郁自评量表（ＣＥＳ－Ｄ）作两次调查。结果 ５年前后老年人群的抑郁症状群发生率为４．９％￣８．３％及６．８％￣１０．７％，无显著变化；６０例新发生Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ病（ＡＤ）者，与正常老人相比，发病前ＣＥＳ－Ｄ总分相近，复访时高于正常组；以血管性痴呆（ＶＤ）为主的其它痴呆３３例，初访和复访的ＣＥＳ－Ｄ     

更年期妇女抑郁症状及影响因素

作通过采用一般情况问卷调查和自评抑郁量表（SDS），对本地区419例45－55岁更年期妇女进行调查，旨在了解更年期妇女抑郁症状的发生特点和影响因素。结果显示：抑郁症状的发生率为46．1％，其中轻度为69．9％，中度以上为30．1％。工人抑郁症状的发生率明显高于干部和专业技术人员（P＜0．01）。有躯体病史的妇女抑郁症状的发生率，也明显高于无躯体病史（P＜0．001）。性欲减退及对太夫、家庭经济收入和生活不满意抑郁症状的发生率高于性欲无变化和满意（P＜0．05）。提示：更年期妇女中抑郁症状的发生率较高，临床医生对其进行药物治疗的同时，还应注意心理咨询及治疗。     

芦山地震5年后雅安市高血压患者心理卫生问题检出率及其影响因素

目的 了解芦山地震5年后雅安市高血压患者心理卫生问题检出率及其影响因素,为促进地震灾区高血压患者心理健康提供参考。方法 采用分层整群随机抽样方法,于2018年12月选取雅安市高血压患者800例作为研究对象。采用自编居民基本信息调查表收集患者的基本资料,采用12项一般健康问卷(GHQ-12)评定患者近期是否存在心理卫生问题,采用Logistic回归分析其影响因素。结果 回收有效问卷744份(93.00%),检出存在心理卫生问题者79例(10.62%)。单因素分析结果显示,不同婚姻状况(P<0.01)、家庭人均月收入(P=0.012)、是否接受社会救助(χ²=25.194,P<0.01)的高血压患者心理卫生问题检出率差异均有统计学意义。Logistic回归分析显示,未婚/分居/离异/丧偶(OR=3.879,P=0.015)以及接受社会救助(OR=4.705,P<0.01)是高血压患者存在心理卫生问题的危险因素。结论 雅安市高血压患者心理卫生问题检出率较低,未婚/分居/离异/丧偶者以及接受社会救助的高血压患者心理卫生问题可能更突出。     

肢体残疾者抑郁症状调查及影响因素分析

目的：了解肢体残疾者的抑郁症状并分析其影响因素。方法：对唐山市城区随机抽取的428例肢体残疾人进行流调中心抑郁量表（CES-D）调查。结果：428例肢体残疾人10项评分均值高于正常人群，健康自评、与朋友关系、肢残等级等因素可影响其抑郁症状。结论：肢体残疾者抑郁症状较正常人群严重，应采用多种措施以尽量减轻其抑郁症状。     

精神分裂症抑郁症状的性质及影响因素的调查分析

对１２０例精神分裂症患者抑郁症状的性质及影响因素的分析研究表明，分裂症的抑郁症怀ＳＡＰＳ，ＳＡＮＳ，ＢＰＲＳ，ＴＥＳＳ分值呈显著的正相关，与文化程序，住院时间呈显著的负相关说明了该抑郁症状在大多数情况下属于分裂症本身症状的组成部分，但也不排队精神分裂症后抑郁及药源性抑郁的可能性。     

新冠肺炎疫情期间大学生抑郁伴躯体化症状情况及影响因素

目的 了解新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间大学生抑郁伴躯体化症状情况,并探讨其影响因素.方法 于2020年3月12日-19日,以中国传媒大学南广学院(现南京传媒学院)2019级本科大一全体学生为研究对象,通过网络发放问卷.采用突发性公共卫生事件心理问卷(PQEEPH)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)躯体化因子、抑郁自...     

独居老人抑郁症状和抑郁症的调查

目的调查城市独居老人的抑郁症状和抑郁症情况。方法抽查上海市虹口区一个街道、两个居委的12岁以上常住人口共5512名,收集社会人口学资料并应用流调用抑郁量表（CES—D）,对于CES—D评分在16分及以上者使用定式临床检查（SCID）进行诊断,分析60岁以上独居者的人口学、抑郁症状及抑郁症情况。结果60岁以上独居老人占调查对象的1．19％,占60岁以上老年人口的4．20％,独居老人的人口学资料和一般情况与非独居老人差异没有统计学意义。60岁以上老人的抑郁症状检出率为8．26％（118／1428）,高于60岁以下者的抑郁症状检出率（4．2％）;60岁以上老人中抑郁症状检出率独居者高于非独居者（20．00％vs7．74％,χ^2=2．57,P〈0．01）,抑郁症检出率独居者高于非独居者（5．0％vs0．58％,χ^2=14．66,P〈0．01）。结论城市人口老龄化程度高,老年人尤其独居者的抑郁症状及抑郁症检出率较高,应该重视独居老年人心理健康。     

老年脑卒中后抑郁及相关影响因素分析

目的 了解老年脑卒中后抑郁(PSD)的发生率及与性别、文化程度、病变部位、病灶数目、致残程度的关系，对日常生活能力恢复的影响。方法 采用老年抑郁量表对96例脑卒中患者进行评定，分为抑郁组和非抑郁组进行分析比较。结果 共有44例患者有抑郁症状，总发生率为45．83％，女性患者、文化水平偏低、病变部位在左半球及多个病灶者发生率高，致残程度与PSD呈正相关。结论 老年PSD发生率高，是多种因素共同作用的结果，直接影响病人的生存质量及功能恢复。     

长期住院精神分裂症患者伴发抑郁症状的影响因素分析

目的:探讨长期住院精神分裂症患者伴发抑郁症状及影响因素。方法:采用卡尔加里精神分裂症抑郁量表(CDSS-C)对长期住院(≥12个月)的200例精神分裂症患者进行抑郁症状的评估,以CDSS-C总分是否≥6分,将患者划分为伴抑郁组58例和非抑郁组142例,运用Logistic回归模型分析伴发抑郁症状的影响因素。结果:抑郁组在女性构成比、探视频率1次/月、抗精神病药单药治疗率、合并苯海索或苯二氮艹卓类药、有自杀意念构成比、阳性症状量表(SAPS)总分、阴性症状量表(SANS)总分和一般精神病理总分明显高于非抑郁组(P0.05或P0.001);主要探视人为I级亲属的构成比及平均住院周期显著低于非抑郁组(P0.05或P0.001)。Logistic回归分析显示主要探视人为I级亲属(OR=0.207,95%CI:0.072~0.591)、探视频率1次/月(OR=3.869,95%CI:1.332~11.239)、有自杀意念(OR=9.256,95%CI:3.191~26.854)是抑郁症状的影响因素(P0.01或P0.001)。结论:探视人(I级亲属)、探视频率及有自杀意念是长期住院精神分裂症患者伴发抑郁症状的主要影响因素。     

社区癌症患者抑郁症状患病率及其影响因素的研究

目的 了解浙江省瑞安市社区癌症患者抑郁现况,进一步探讨抑郁发生的影响因素.方法 采用自行设计问卷和Zung氏抑郁自评量表,对瑞安市1 283名癌症患者进行调查,了解患者的疾病信息、一般资料和抑郁状况等.结果 瑞安市癌症患者抑郁症状的患病率为36.9%,影响因素包括性别、年龄、文化程度、婚姻状况、经济情况、是否知情疾病、卡氏评分、VRS疼痛分级、医疗费用来源及负性生活事件.结论 癌症患者抑郁症状的患病率高于普通人群,应提高对癌症患者抑郁症状的关注.     

Depressive symptoms among older adults in urban and rural areas

OBJECTIVES: To determine if there are differences in depressive symptoms between residents of urban areas, small town zones, and predominantly rural regions and to determine factors associated with depressive symptoms among these groups of residents. METHOD: The study was set in the Canadian province of Manitoba amongst a community-dwelling population of older adults who were cognitively intact. The design of the study was a cross-sectional survey and measures included age, gender, education, living arrangements, number of persons providing companionship, perceived adequacy of income, functional impairment, self-rated health and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale. Urban/rural residence was measured by grouping Census sub-divisions according to 1991 Census population: urban (>19,999); small town (2500 to 19,999); or predominantly rural (<2500). RESULTS: In the total sample (n = 1382), 11.5% exhibited depressive symptoms: 11.6% in urban areas (n = 844); 14.0% in small town zones (n = 250); 9.0% in predominantly rural regions (n = 288) (p > 0.05, chi-square test). No rural-urban differences were seen in multivariate models. In predominantly rural regions, living alone, perceiving one's income as inadequate, and having functional impairment were associated with depressive symptoms. The only significant factor in small town zones was poorer self-rated health whereas in urban areas, poorer self-rated health, functional impairment, and fewer persons providing companionship were significantly related to depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: We did not observe rural-urban differences. However, the factors associated with depressive symptoms varied among older adults living in predominantly rural regions, in small towns, and in urban areas.     

老年人睡眠时长与抑郁症状的关系

背景 抑郁症严重危害老年人的身心健康,睡眠与抑郁症状的关系已成为研究热点之一,但目前关于睡眠与抑郁症状之间的研究结论存在差异。目的 探讨老年人睡眠时长与抑郁症状之间的关系,为预防老年人出现抑郁症状和延缓已有抑郁症状的老年人病情发展提供参考。方法 采用2018年《中国健康与养老追踪调查》数据库（CHARLS）中8 210名年龄≥60岁老年人的调查结果。按照中文简版流调中心用抑郁量表（CESD-10）评分标准,将老年人分为存在抑郁症状和不存在抑郁症状两组。使用Logistic回归及限制性立方样条模型分析老年人睡眠时长与抑郁症状之间的关联。结果 在8 210名老年人中,检出存在抑郁症状者3 118人（37.98%）,平均每晚睡眠时长为（6.14±2.05）h。睡眠时长与抑郁症状之间存在非线性关联（χ²=412.670,P<0.01,df=4）。在调整了混杂因素后,睡眠时长<6 h、6~6.9 h和≥8 h的老年人出现抑郁症状的风险分别是睡眠时长7~7.9 h老年人的2.971倍（95% CI：2.560~3.449,P<0.01）、1.372倍（95% CI：1.161~1.621,P<0.01）和1.185倍（95% CI：1.009~1.393,P<0.05）。在不同性别及60~69岁组老年人中,未发现睡眠时长≥8 h与抑郁症状检出风险有关（P>0.05）。结论 睡眠时长与抑郁症状存在近似非线性关联,但存在性别和年龄差异。     

上海市中学生抑郁症状现状及其与生活事件关系的研究

目的 了解上海市初中和高中学生抑郁症状的现状及其与生活事件的关系.方法 采取横断面调查,使用流调用抑郁自评量表和简易生活事件量表对1 818名中学生进行了抑郁症状调查及其与生活事件的关系.结果 中学生有肯定抑郁症状的检出率为18.6%,其中男生为22.66%,女生为14.78%,男生高于女生( χ2=24.52,P<0.01);初一年级学生抑郁症状的检出率为15.89%、初二15.48%、初三17.26%、高一14.33%、高二24.70%、高三25.67%,高二和高三抑郁症状发生率显著高于初中和高一学生(χ2=33.40,P<0.01).负性生活事件的总分与抑郁症状的总分呈正相关;出现频率最高的生活事件是明显的学习压力或考试失败,对学生影响程度也最高,其次是受到批评.结论 中学生中抑郁症状是常见的,负性生活事件与抑郁症状有相关性.     

Comparison of the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among elderly nursing home residents in Taiwan and Hong Kong

BACKGROUND: Depression in the elderly has become a serious health care issue worldwide. However, no studies have compared the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among institutionalized Chinese elders living in different regions. OBJECTIVES: To explore and compare the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among elderly residents of nursing homes in Taiwan and Hong Kong. METHODS: Random sampling was used to recruit participants from eight nursing homes in each region. A total of 150 elders from Taiwan and 214 elders from Hong Kong participated. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was significantly higher in participants from Hong Kong (65.4%) than in Taiwan (43.3%). Logistic regression analysis indicated that gender, satisfaction with living situation, perceived health condition, and perceived income adequacy significantly predicted depressive symptoms in elderly nursing home residents in Taiwan. Significant predictors of depressive symptoms in the Hong Kong sample were satisfaction with living situation, cognitive status, and functional status. CONCLUSIONS: It is important to consider risk factors specific to a target population when developing depression intervention programs.     

Prevalence of frailty and its association with depressive symptoms among older adults in Singapore

Objectives: The aims of the study were to (1) estimate the prevalence of frailty among community-dwelling older adults , and (2) investigate the independent association between level of frailty and depressive symptoms.

Methods: A total of 721 older adults (aged 60 and above ) were included in this study. Severity of frailty was determined using the Clinical Frailty Scale and further classified into four levels (CFS1-3: F1, CFS4: F2, CFS5: F3, and CFS6-7: F4). The depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. The prevalence of frailty by four levels was described and the association between level of frailty and depressive symptoms was assessed using multiple linear regression.

Results: The prevalence of frailty among the study population was 24.5% (F2: 14.4%, F3:3.7%, F4: 6.4%). There was no significant difference in level of frailty between male and female. With the increase in severity level of frailty, older adults reported substantially higher depressive symptom scores (p < .001), even after controlling for socio-demographics, number of non-mental chronic conditions, and number of medications taken regularly.

Conclusions: Level of frailty is independently associated with depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older population, which is not fully explained by symptom overlap, socio-demographic, and comorbidity covariates.     

Longitudinal trajectories and predictors of anxiety symptoms among adolescent survivors exposed to Wenchuan earthquake

This study aimed to investigate the developmental trajectories and associated predictors of anxiety symptoms among Chinese adolescents exposed to Wenchuan earthquake. 1573 adolescent survivors were followed up at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-earthquake. Self-report measures were used to evaluate earthquake exposure, anxiety symptoms, negative life events, social support, and trait resilience. Growth mixture modeling (GMM) and multi-nominal logistic regression were used to analyze data. The results showed that 45.6%, 50.9%, 39.2%, and 39.9% of participants showed clinical levels of anxiety symptoms at 6, 12, 18, and 24 months post-earthquake, respectively. Four developmental trajectories were identified: resistance, recovery, delayed-onset anxiety, and chronic anxiety. Gender, injury of family members, negative life events, social support, and trait resilience were significant predictors for distinct anxiety trajectories. Individualized and appropriate psychosocial interventions should be provided for adolescents affected by natural disasters, especially those at higher risk for chronic or delayed mental problem symptoms.     

Prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among veterans home elders in Eastern Taiwan

BACKGROUND: Depression in the elderly has become a serious health care issue worldwide. However, no studies have determined the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among a representative sample of veterans home elders in Taiwan. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and risk factors for depressive symptoms among veterans home elders in eastern Taiwan. METHOD: Elderly veterans (n = 947) were recruited from four veterans homes in eastern Taiwan. RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive tendency was 35.5%. Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that depressive status in this sample was significantly predicted by poorer functional status, dissatisfaction with living situation, poorer perceived health status, and lower education level. CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors for depressive symptoms identified in this study need to be considered when assessing the health of elderly veterans. In addition, strategies to improve elderly veterans' perception of health status, physical function and living situation should be considered in interventions to reduce their depressive symptoms.