导航下经鼻内镜脑脊液鼻漏的修补(附14例报告)

目的:探讨导航指导下经鼻内镜行脑脊液鼻漏修补的不同方法及疗效。方法:回顾分析14例脑脊液鼻漏患者在导航指引下用鼻内镜行不同修补方法的临床资料及术后疗效。结果:14例脑脊液鼻漏患者中,特发性脑脊液鼻漏3例,外伤性脑脊液鼻漏10例(其中术前发现脑脊液鼻漏6例,术中发现脑脊液鼻漏4例,均为复合性颅底骨折),医源性脑脊液鼻漏1例,漏口1 mm×1 mm~20 mm×10 mm大。采用外贴法修补9例,内贴法3例,筋膜加软骨法2例,在导航指引下,鼻内镜修补均一次成功。结论:导航指引下鼻内镜脑脊液鼻漏修补术具有漏口定位准确、创伤小、操作简单、视野清楚、成功率高、并发症少等优点,结合耳脑胶的使用,手术成功率大大提高。     

颅底骨折并脑脊液漏146例临床分析

目的 探讨颅底骨折并脑脊液漏的诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性分析2003年6月～2009年6月我院 收治的146例外伤性脑脊液漏患者的发生部位、诊断、治疗方法及效果。结果 脑脊液漏发生于前颅窝者98 例、中颅窝者32例、前中颅窝者16例。22例手术病人中,18例行开颅硬膜外或硬膜下入路漏孔修补术,4 例行鼻内镜下经鼻手术修补脑脊液鼻漏,其中包括经颅内修补失败后的2例,2例反复复发者转上级医院救 治。结论 外伤性脑脊液漏大多数可通过保守治疗治愈,仅少数病例需要手术治疗。内镜下经鼻脑脊液漏 修补手术具有瘘孔定位准确、成功率高、手术创伤小等优点,可以作为脑脊液鼻漏的可靠手术方法。     

影像导航系统行脑脊液鼻漏手术的围手术期护理

目的总结经导航系统行鼻内镜治疗脑脊液鼻漏的护理。方法回顾性分析我院收治的10例经导航系统鼻内镜治疗的脑脊液鼻漏病例。结果所有病例均一次修补成功。结论经导航系统鼻内镜治疗外伤性脑脊液鼻漏是一种安全、有效的方法,术前及术后的有效护理是手术成功的重要环节。     

鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏成功修补关键因素分析

目的分析鼻内镜下37例脑脊液鼻漏患者的诊治方法及疗效,探讨鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏成功修补的关键因素。方法回顾性分析37例脑脊液鼻漏患者的临床资料、手术方式及疗效。术前完善相关检查初步判定漏口位置,术中根据漏口位置选用相应的手术方式;术后给予抗炎、止血及降颅压等对症治疗。结果 35例患者术后均一次修补成功。1例患者出院后3周再次出现少量脑脊液鼻漏,经保守治疗痊愈;1例出院后2个月出现脑脊液鼻漏,再次鼻内镜手术治愈。结论鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补是一种微创、安全和有效的手术方式,是脑脊液鼻漏的首选治疗术式;术前鼻内镜及影像学等相关检查可帮助明确漏口位置,根据漏口位置选择相应的手术方式是脑脊液鼻漏成功修补的关键。     

外伤性脑脊液鼻漏的鼻内镜治疗

目的：探讨外伤性脑脊液鼻漏的鼻内镜治疗效果。方法：回顾我院2005年6月～2010年10月36例外伤性脑脊液鼻漏的临床资料,分析其临床表现、影像学资料及手术方法。结果：36例患者高分辨三维CT检查提示颅底骨质缺损,MRI检查其中29例发现有脑膜组织疝入鼻窦,术中鼻内镜检查与术前影像学检查结愈果一致,所有病例均行鼻内镜下脑脊液漏修补术,术后随访6～24个月,未见复发。结论：脑膜组织疝入鼻窦是外伤性脑脊液鼻漏不能愈合的主要原因,高分辨三维CT检查结合MRI检查是确定脑脊液鼻漏漏口位置安全、有效的方法,鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补术是治疗脑脊液鼻漏的首选方法。     

鼻内镜下应用自体组织修补脑脊液鼻漏的分析

目的探讨经鼻内镜应用自体组织修补脑脊液鼻漏的方法及疗效。方法经鼻内镜手术修补脑脊液鼻漏36例,常规行CT检查,并在鼻内镜直视下寻找脑脊液鼻漏漏口,处理漏口周围黏膜,造成新鲜创面,采用肌肉、筋膜和脂肪等组织填塞修补漏口,必要时以耳脑胶粘合固定,并以纱条或膨胀海绵填塞支撑7～l0d。结果 36例脑脊液鼻漏33例1次修补成功,失败的3例经第2次手术后治愈,随访1～8年无复发,未出现任何并发症。结论经鼻内镜修补脑脊液鼻漏具有微创、安全、复发率低等优点。     

鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补术临床效果分析

目的探讨鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补术的临床治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2011—2014年诊断为脑脊液鼻漏的54例患者的临床资料,所有患者均行鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补治疗。结果 2例在神经外科开颅垂体瘤切除术并脑脊液鼻漏修补术后失败经鼻内镜修补成功,2例在外院手术修补失败后经鼻内镜修补成功,余50例均1次修补成功,随访6个月~3 a,无1例复发。结论鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补术一次性手术成功率高、并发症低,应作为首选治疗方法。     

脑脊液鼻漏的临床诊治(附42例报告)

目的探讨脑脊液鼻漏的诊断、治疗方法及其效果。方法回顾性分析42例脑脊液鼻漏病人临床资料,其中耳鼻咽喉头颈外科收治9例,神经外科收治33例。结果保守治疗12例;手术治疗30例,其中开颅手术修补22例,经鼻内镜手术6例,鼻内镜联合鼻外入路手术1例,显微镜下经鼻手术1例。随访3个月～5年,42例全部治愈。结论鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补术是外科治疗脑脊液鼻漏的首选术式;漏口的准确定位及恰当的修补方式是手术成功的关键。     

鼻内镜修补脑脊液鼻漏31例临床分析

目的:总结经鼻内镜修补脑脊液鼻漏的经验.方法:收集我科2000～2006年经鼻内镜修补脑脊液鼻漏患者31例的临床资料,分析脑脊液鼻漏的病因、手术时机、围手术期的治疗及术中注意事项.结果:31例患者中,一次修补成功有28例,2例经再次修补,1例经第3次修补成功.1例术后并发脑膜炎.随诊6个月～7年,无再发生脑脊液鼻漏.结论:前颅底、鞍底、斜坡处瘘口,除恶性肿瘤引起的鼻漏,最佳的治疗方法是鼻内镜下修补瘘孔.     

经鼻内镜修补儿童脑脊液鼻漏

目的 总结儿童脑脊液鼻漏治疗的临床经验,探讨鼻内镜下修补脑脊液鼻漏的手术方式、修补材料及并发症.方法 回顾鼻内镜下10例儿童脑脊液鼻漏的治疗,分析鼻内镜治疗的手术技术及修补材料.结果 随访6个月至6年.行鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补术11次,一次修补成功9例,另1例蝶窦自发性脑脊液鼻漏修补2次获得成功.结论 鼻内镜下脑脊液鼻漏修补术是儿童脑脊液鼻漏的首选术式,具有方便、成功率高、并发症少等优点.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.