下颌角皮质骨厚度与无牙颌剩余牙槽嵴高度的相关性及其临床意义

本文通过曲面体层Ｘ线摄片测量，对男女两组共４６例无牙颌患者下颌角皮质骨厚度与剩余牙槽嵴高度进行相关性研究，结果发现，下颌角皮质厚度与剩余牙槽高度呈显著正相关关系；男性组下颌角皮质骨厚度及剩余牙槽嵴高度虽均大于女性组，但差异无显著性意义。该结果提示全身性因素对剩余牙槽嵴吸收主要作用。     

无牙下颌角大小与其皮质骨厚度和剩余牙槽骨高度的关系

目的　分析无牙下颌角角度的变化 ,探讨其角度与性别、年龄、下颌角骨皮质厚度、剩余牙槽骨高度及无牙颌时间的关系。方法　年轻有牙组 131例 ,女性 6 8例 ,男性 6 3例 (平均年龄 2 7岁 ) ,年长有牙组 97例 ,女性 5 9例 ,男性 38例 (平均年龄 6 5岁 ) ,老年无牙颌组 12 8例 (平均年龄 80岁 ,76岁者 5 8例 ,81岁者 39例 ,86岁 31例 )。 3组共拍摄 35 6张曲面断层片。分别测量曲面断层片下颌角角度、无牙下颌角区骨皮质厚度和剩余牙槽骨高度。用调查问卷收集无牙颌患者的病史资料。结果　年轻有牙组和年长有牙组的下颌角大小差异无显著性 ,但两组男性下颌角均小于女性下颌角 (P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 0 1)。老年无牙颌组下颌角为 12 8 4 °± 6 6 °,大于年长有牙组 ( 12 2 8°± 6 6 °) ,二者间差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 0 1)。 76岁无牙女性组 ,下颌角的大小与下颌角区骨皮质厚度呈负相关 (P <0 0 1) ;无牙颌男性和女性下颌角大小均与剩余牙槽骨平均高度呈负相关 (P <0 0 1)。无牙下颌角角度与无牙颌时间无关。结论　无牙患者较有牙者下颌角增大以及剩余牙槽骨越低下颌角越大的结果说明 ,自然牙列和全口义齿的咀嚼功能可能对下颌角的角度有显著影响。无牙下颌角的大小与其骨皮质厚度的显著关系提示 ,系     

颧牙槽嵴区骨宽度及皮质骨厚度的CBCT测量分析

目的:应用锥形束CT(CBCT)测量成年人与青少年的颧牙槽嵴区域的骨宽度、皮质骨厚度及窦底高度,并评价2组的差异,为临床中颧牙槽嵴区微种植体的植入提供参考。方法:选取成年人个别正常牙合志愿者和安氏Ⅰ类青少年患者各30例,获取其口腔颌面部CBCT扫描影像。测量颧牙槽嵴区域的骨宽度、皮质骨厚度及上颌窦底高度,并对测量数据进行统计学分析。结果:两实验组颧牙槽嵴区域均为第二前磨牙和第一磨牙之间的骨宽度最大,且每层的5个测量值均表现为随测量点向颅方移动骨宽度值逐渐减小。两实验组各层颧牙槽嵴区骨宽度与窦底高度成正相关关系。结论:成年人组各位置骨宽度平均值及皮质骨厚度平均值均较青少年组相应位置大。颧牙槽嵴区骨宽度随窦底高度增大而增大。2组样本上颌窦个体差异均非常大,植入微种植体前需拍摄CBCT以确定是否满足植入条件。     

X线片对下颌剩余牙槽嵴吸收率的预测价值

本研究探讨了下颌角点皮质骨的厚度和下颌骨联合部皮质髓质骨的比例与剩余牙槽嵴吸收(RRR)率的关系。另对下颌角处皮质骨厚度在X线全景片和头颅侧位片两种方法中测量值进行了比较。材料和方法抽样调查了82例患者(其中男性29例,女性53例),年龄30～82岁,平均50.5岁,失牙期2个月至53年,平均18年。资料记录包括所有拟作种     

局部注射葛根素对鼠拔牙后剩余牙槽嵴吸收影响的实验研究

目的观察中药葛根素对鼠拔牙后剩余牙槽嵴吸收的影响作用。方法制作大鼠下颌中切牙缺失模型,于剩余牙槽嵴的粘膜下注射葛根素,用X线片测量大鼠相对剩余牙槽嵴高度和骨密度值,HE染色观察不同时期剩余牙槽嵴的组织学形态改变。结果实验组剩余牙槽嵴相对高度均大于对照组（P〈0.05）;除一周组外,其余各实验组剩余牙槽嵴光密度测量值均大于对照组（P〈0.01）;组织学观察可见实验组大鼠剩余牙槽嵴表面的成骨质量较对照组高,骨吸收程度较对照组少。结论将葛根素注射于拔牙窝周围能够抑制剩余牙槽嵴的吸收并保存牙槽嵴的高度。     

应用锥形束CT探查颧牙槽嵴处微种植钉植入的安全范围

目的:通过测量上颌第一、二磨牙间顴牙槽嵴颊侧骨皮质厚度及颊腭向最大骨厚度,探查微种植钉合适的植入位点及植入角度范围,为正畸治疗在顴牙槽嵴处安全植入微种植钉提供参考。方法:选取2010年11月～2011年11月来大连市口腔医院放射线科行锥形束CT扫描的40例成人患者,测量上颌第一、二磨牙间顴牙槽嵴处距牙槽嵴顶6、8、10mm三水平,各水平微种植钉长轴与真性水平面呈45°、60°、70°角时顴牙槽嵴颊侧骨皮质厚度及颊腭向最大骨厚度。结果:3个水平顴牙槽嵴颊侧骨皮质厚度均随着植入角度的增大而增厚。在所有颊侧骨皮质厚度测量项目中以距牙槽嵴顶6mm点微种植钉长轴与真性水平面呈70°角时最厚。在距牙槽嵴顶8、10mm水平,微种植钉长轴与真性水平面呈60°角时顴牙槽嵴颊腭向最大骨厚度均较厚。在距牙槽嵴顶8、10mm水平,3个角度的颊侧骨皮质厚度男性均大于女性。40例中有4例(占10%)上颌窦底与上颌第一、二磨牙牙根紧邻。左右对称指标相互比较无差异。结论:通过对测量数据的分析明确了上颌第一、二磨牙间顴牙槽嵴颊侧骨皮质厚度及颊腭向最大骨厚度,为正畸治疗安全植入微种植钉提供参考。     

成人不同垂直骨面型颧牙槽嵴区骨皮质密度分析

目的 通过三维重建技术对成人颧牙槽嵴区骨皮质密度进行测量分析,比较不同骨面型间颧牙槽嵴区骨皮质密度以及不同位点间骨皮质密度的差异。方法 选取成人患者螺旋 CT 图像60例（男28例,女32例）进行三维重建,根据下颌平面角( FH-MP) 的大小分为低角、均角、高角3组,分别测量上颌左侧颧牙槽嵴区不同层面基准线上方13、15、17 mm处的骨皮质密度,采用 SPSS 17.0软件包进行数据分析。结果 颧牙槽嵴区骨密度在性别之间无统计学差异;在不同垂直骨面型间存在统计学差异（P<0.05),其中,低角组[(1331.65±185.70) HU]的骨密度最高,高角组[(1245.62±207.63) HU]最低;在不同垂直骨面型组的不同位点之间骨密度存在统计学差异（P<0.05),各组骨密度的集中区域是,高角组位于第一磨牙近中颊根层面,均角组位于近、远中颊根之间,低角组位于第一磨牙远中颊根层面。结论 成人不同垂直骨面型间颧牙槽嵴区骨皮质的密度以及位点分布存在显著差异,该研究为成人选择微种植支抗钉的适宜部位,保证正畸治疗中支抗钉的稳定性提供了参考依据。     

甲状旁腺素与无牙颌剩余牙槽嵴吸收关系的研究

探讨甲状旁腺素与无牙颌剩余牙槽嵴吸收的关系。方法通过配对,选择２０例女性无牙颌患者分为牙槽嵴萎缩组和丰满组,采用放射免疫法检测血清甲状旁腺素水平,测定血清钙、磷和碱性磷酸酶浓度,并测量下颌角度质骨厚度。     

复方骨形成蛋白生物膜植入牙槽窝的实验研究

目的:以骨形成蛋白、固定化凝血酶、头孢哌酮钠为主药,水溶性壳聚糖为主要膜材,制备复方骨形成蛋白牙槽生物黏附膜,植入大鼠牙槽窝观察其对拔牙后牙槽骨的影响。方法:选用大鼠54只,随机分为3组(实验组、单纯壳聚糖组、对照组),在拔除大鼠下颌切牙后牙槽窝内即刻植入复方骨形成蛋白生物膜、单纯壳聚糖及空白对照。3组动物于植入后3、6、9周时处死,切取下颌骨,用软X线机检查剩余牙槽嵴相对剩余高度、双能X线骨密度分析仪测定骨密度值、常规病理切片观察牙槽窝成骨情况。结果:植入后3、6、9周时实验组剩余牙槽嵴相对剩余高度和骨密度值均高于单纯壳聚糖组及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);病理切片显示实验组牙槽窝成骨情况优于单纯壳聚糖组及对照组。结论:复方骨形成蛋白生物膜处方组成合理,是预防剩余牙槽骨吸收的有效方法之一,有一定的临床意义。     

不同垂直骨面型青年女性下颌体形态的测量分析

目的采用锥形束CT（CBCT）分析不同垂直骨面型青年女性患者的下颌体截面的高度和宽度以及下颌体皮质骨厚度,确定不同垂直骨面型患者下颌体形态结构的特点及差异。方法选取在山东大学口腔医院正畸科就诊的女性患者64例,年龄19~40岁,均行CBCT扫描,根据垂直骨面型分为3组,其中低角组14例,均角组31例,高角组19例。测量其下颌体形态,包括下颌体截面高度、宽度及其皮质骨厚度。使用SPSS 16.0软件对测量值进行统计学分析,确定不同垂直骨面型患者下颌体形态结构的特点及差异。结果高角组下颌体截面高度在下颌联合部较低角组大,但低角组在磨牙段较高角组大（P<0.05）。低角组的下颌体截面上1/3宽度在前牙和前磨牙段较高角组宽,而下1/3宽度在下颌联合部、侧切牙段较高角组宽（P<0.05）。除前磨牙段以外,低角组的下颌基底部皮质骨厚度较高角组明显增厚（P<0.05）;低角组颊侧上1/3皮质骨厚度在尖牙、前磨牙以及磨牙段均较高角组厚（P<0.05）,而下1/3皮质骨厚度只在尖牙和第二磨牙段较高角组厚（P<0.05）;低角组舌侧下1/3皮质骨厚度在下颌联合部较高角组厚（P<0.05）,而上1/3皮质骨厚度在前磨牙与磨牙段均较高角组厚（P<0.05）。结论不同垂直骨面型者下颌体截面高度和宽度的差别较下颌体皮质骨厚度的差别明显;下颌体截面高度从前牙段向磨牙段逐渐减小;低角组的下颌体截面宽度较其他两组宽大;下颌体皮质骨厚度从低角、均角到高角组依次变薄。     

牙槽嵴条件对全口义齿修复影响的临床研究

探讨无牙颌牙槽嵴条件，特别是下颌牙槽嵴条件对全口义齿修复效果的影响。方法无牙颌患者６２人，条件好组３０人，条件差组３２人，测试上下总义齿和固位力，咀嚼效率，和第一月，第三月的全口义齿满意度。结果不同牙槽嵴条件两组间的固位力，咀嚼效率，和第一月，第三月的总满意度及各单项满意虽略有差别。     

Evaluation of radiographic predictors to assess the rate of mandibular residual ridge resorption.

Sixty healthy clinical edentulous patients (thirty male and thirty female) were chosen for the study. Panoramic and lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken of each patient. The amount of bone loss was estimated from the panoramic radiographs as per the formula proposed by Wical and Scoop. The rate of mandibular residual resorbed ridge (RRR) expressed as percentage of bone loss per year was then computed. The correlation between the mandibular RRR and gonial cortical thickness and the percentage of cortical bone at the symphysis was tested. These parameters were also compared between the male and female patients. The rate of mandibular RRR, expressed as percentage of bone loss per year, was found to be indirectly correlated with the cortical thickness at gonion as measured from the panaromic and the lateral cephalometric radiographs. The values of students 't' test for mean differences between the female and the male patients with respect to the rate of mandibular RRR and the cortical thickness at the gonion were found to be statistically significant.     

牙槽嵴骨吸收程度不同下颌中性区外形变化初探

目的 观察无牙颌患者在牙槽嵴骨吸收程度不同的情况下下颌中性区外形的变化,以期寻找恰当的义齿磨光面设计.方法 选择20例无牙颌患者,根据患者上下颌弓关系,分为3组.第一组:牙槽嵴轻度吸收患者:第一类无牙颌,上下颌弓关系正常,共6例;第二组:牙槽嵴中度吸收患者:第二类无牙颌,上下颌弓关系正常,共7例;第三组:牙槽嵴重度吸收患者:第三类无牙颌,上下颌弓关系为反(牙合),共7例.通过患者充分主动的肌功能整塑,较准确地形成中性区外形,以此作为义齿磨光面,使用三维牙颌模型激光扫描仪对上下颌模型及磨光面进行三维激光扫描和重建.分别在双侧磨牙区和前磨牙区作垂直于磨光面轴线的垂面,将磨光面及上下颌模型一并切开,得到截面.观察截面形态,并在各截面上测量下颌舌侧磨光面外形曲线拟合直线与(牙合)平面所成的角度.结果从截面形态可见,第一组患者颊舌侧磨光面形态均为凹形;第二组患者颊舌侧磨光面形态均未见明显凹陷,为略凸或直形;第三组患者磨光面形态呈倾斜状.第一、二、三组患者下颌舌侧磨光面外形曲线拟合直线与(牙合)平面所成的角度分别为(80.40±3.51)°、(90.38±2.71)°和(96.59±5.00)°.结论 牙槽嵴骨吸收程度不同,下颌中性区外形有所不同,提示临床上在设计义齿磨光面外形时,应考虑牙槽嵴的吸收程度及上下颌弓关系.     

骨转换标志物对于牙槽嵴重度吸收患者咀嚼效能与两种改良牙合型全口义齿戴用的影响

目的 对骨转换标志物正常和升高的牙槽嵴重度吸收的无牙颌患者,分析两种改良牙合型（长正中牙合型、舌向集中牙合型）全口义齿的戴用与咀嚼效能的关系,以期为临床全口义齿修复中牙合型的选择提供参考。 方法 选取85例（男45例,女40例）牙槽嵴重度吸收的无牙颌患者,采用随机数字表法随机选用两种改良牙合型全口义齿（长正中牙合型全口义齿、舌向集中牙合型全口义齿）治疗方案。电化学发光免疫法测量血清中骨转换标志物——Ⅰ型前胶原N端前肽（P1NP）和Ⅰ型胶原交联C 末端肽（CTX）的水平,分为骨转换标志物正常组及升高组。义齿戴用3个月后,吸光度法测定咀嚼效能,多因素方差分析不同骨转换标志物测量值的患者不同类型改良牙合型全口义齿的戴用与咀嚼效能的关系。 结果 骨转换标志物（P1NP和CTX）正常组的患者,不同类型改良牙合型（长正中牙合型、舌向集中牙合型）全口义齿的戴用与其咀嚼效能的关系无统计学差异。而骨转换标志物（P1NP和CTX）升高组患者,不同类型改良牙合型全口义齿的戴用与其咀嚼效能的差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）,与戴用舌向集中牙合型全口义齿的患者相比,戴用长正中牙合型全口义齿的患者具有更高的咀嚼效能。 结论 骨转换标志物较高的患者,选用长正中牙合型全口义齿会得到相对更高的咀嚼效能。骨转换标志物有望成为牙槽嵴重度吸收的无牙颌患者选择戴用不同改良牙合型全口义齿时的参考指标。     

Cyclosporin-induced gingival overgrowth at the newly formed edentulous ridge in rats: a morphological and histometric evaluation

BACKGROUND: Since cyclosporin A (CsA)-induced overgrowth seldom occurs at sites distant from teeth, the periodontal ligament has been considered significant. The aim of this study was to examine overgrowth occurrence at the edentulous ridge--the sites without the ligament--after CsA therapy in rats. METHODS: After extracting all right maxillary molars, 16 Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a 2-week healing period. The animals were separated into CsA and control groups. CsA rats received 15 mg/kg of CsA by gastric feeding for 4 weeks, while the control group received only mineral oil. At the end of study, all animals were sacrificed and stone models were immediately obtained by rubber-based impressions. The edentulous ridge morphology, including the bucco-lingual width and the vertical height, was measured on the models. For histometry, 10 sections were selected from the edentulous ridge of each animal after undecalcified tissue preparation. The soft tissue areas of the edentulous ridge and the trabecular bone morphology of the dental alveolus were measured. RESULTS: CsA therapy produced a significant increase of the ridge width and height, measured from the stone models, when compared to the control group. Under histometry, CsA resulted in a significant increase of the epithelium, connective tissue, and total soft tissue areas. The measured trabecular bone volume was affected by both examining factors: the drug therapy and the location of the dental alveolus. CsA therapy produced a significant loss of bone volume but a significant increase of the bone-specific surface area. Although the mean osteoid volume was similar between CsA and control groups, a significant decrease of the fractional formation surface in the CsA group was revealed. CONCLUSIONS: An enlarged edentulous ridge and an altered dental alveolar bone morphology were observed in CsA-treated animals at the end of the study; therefore, we suggest that CsA may induce not only a soft tissue overgrowth but also an alveolar bone alteration at the edentulous ridge. The hypothesis that tooth or periodontal ligament is an essential component for the overgrowth development is questioned.     

Study of the inclination angle between the edentulous upper and lower alveolar ridge in the sagittal plane

Angle of inclination between the upper and lower edentulous alveolar ridge in the sagittal plane was examined on 72 patients (55 woman and 17 men) in centric occlusion. Photos were taken by a special camera (Polaroid MACRO 5 SLR) of the functional casts mounted in average value articulators, on a special squared-film, from the left and right side. The angle between the lines connecting mesially the midline of the alveolar ridge, distally the highest point of the tuber alveolar maxillae and the line drown through the stop-lines, respectively was measured on both sides with 1 degree precision. Distally open angle (max. 7 degrees) was found in 11% of the examine group. The alveolar ridge lines were parallel in only 3% of the cases. Mesially open angle (max. 20 degrees) was found at 86%. Statistical analysis has shown, that there is a significant difference between men and women as well as the left and right side.     

上颌全口义齿组织面变化的模型分析

目的 通过对患者的新、旧上颌全口义齿组织面模型进行分析,探讨上颌牙槽嵴的吸收规律.方法 选择26例更换全口义齿的患者,复制其新、旧上颌全口义齿组织面模型,利用激光扫描仪进行三维扫描,采集数据,通过Ceomagic Studio 8和Rapidform2006软件进行配准,建立20个垂直于颌弓曲线的截面,计算各截面宽度和面积的差异,对新上颌全口义齿组织面相对于旧义齿的形态改变进行分析.结果 相对于旧义齿,新上领全口义齿组织面牙槽嵴面积的减少比例[(39.8±14.2)%]比宽度的减少比例[(28.2±16.0)%]大;对于牙槽嵴面积的减少比例,前牙区[(43.0±15.2)%]比后牙区[(36.14±14.1)%]大,颊侧[(42.9±13.8)%]比舌侧[(35.5±15.2)%]大,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 本项研究结果显示,从三维角度分析牙槽嵴整体形态的变化更有意义,并从三维角度证实上颌牙槽嵴颊侧吸收比例比舌侧大,前牙区牙槽嵴的吸收比例比后牙区大.     

Analysis of factors influencing the amount and localisation of residual ridge reduction of mandible

The objective of this study was to determine, on a certain number of edentulous patients, the correlation between some parameters of residual ridge reduction (RRR)--(age of patients; parodontopathy as cause of teeth extraction; period of edentulousness; period of denture wearing and reasons of renewed dentures) and classes and sub-classes of RRG in the frontal and molar regions. The aim of these comparisons was to precisely determine the possible presence of loccus minoris of reduction in relation to the studied zones and the mentioned factors of the loss of residual ridge (RR). The study concerned 35 lateral head films of edentulous patients chosen at random. By intersection of data and by their statistical processing, it was established that all reduction parameters, except the age of patients, were important factors or co-factors of this process. They had no specific effect RR. The finding that the molar region was more jeopardized by reduction was explained by the fact that the period of edentulousness and denture wearing were in function of the time, due to an unequal rate of teeth extraction, and that they became the true reason of a more severe reduction and the molar region a more susceptible area to this process.     

Denture stomatitis in an elderly edentulous Asian population

summary Denture stomatitis is a common oral disease in denture wearers. Multiple aetiological and predisposing factors are believed to be responsible for its initiation and progression. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between denture age, denture hygiene habits, denture wearing and denture cleanliness in an elderly edentulous Asian population. Seventy-five edentulous patients, all wearing maxillary complete dentures were divided into two groups. The test group comprised 36 patients (14 male and 22 female) with Type II denture stomatitis. The control group comprised 39 subjects (14 male and 25 female) with clinically healthy palatal mucosa. A standardized interview and clinical appraisal were carried out. The dye disclosing method was used to assess denture cleanliness and the resultant staining pattern scored. Statistical appraisal between the two groups revealed significant differences in denture hygiene habits ( P <0.05), denture wearing behaviour ( P <0.01) and denture cleanliness ( P <0.01). No significant difference was observed in the age of dentures between the test group and controls ( P >0.05). In the studied Asian edentulous population, a relationship between denture hygiene habits, denture wearing behaviour and denture cleanliness to the presence of denture stomatitis was observed.     

Reconstruction of initial dimensions of the lower residual ridge and classification of reduction in vertical direction

On the basic of Rtg craniometric parameters described in previous works, in this article a graphical reconstruction of initial dimensions of the lower jaw residual ridge, classification of the reduction according to classes and subclasses of its expression in vertical direction and comparison of reduction intensity in the frontal and molar regions of edentulous jaws are presented. The study concerned 35 lateral head films of edentulous patients, chosen at random. The results of the study revealed the reduction of residual ridge (RRG) in all edentulous patients, and according to the degree of its expression it was different in frontal and mollar regions. By statistic processing of certain classes and sub-classes of reduction and by appropriate tests of significance significant differences in the expression of RRG in these regions were ascertained. According to our finding the molar region was more susceptible to these processes. The reported values offer the possibility for more precise prosthetic reconstruction of the lost tissue and relations in the treatment of edentulous patients.