脑电生物反馈治疗失眠症的疗效观察

目的：观察脑电生物反馈对失眠症的治疗效果。方法：将70例失眠症患者随机分为研究组和对照组各35例，研究组进行脑电生物反馈治疗，对照组进行药物治疗，治疗前后进行匹茨堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）评定，比较两组疗效。结果：治疗后，研究组PSQI总分及睡眠潜伏期、睡眠持续性、习惯性、使用睡眠药物、睡眠紊乱、白天功能紊乱等因子分均较治疗前显著降低；与对照组比较，研究组治疗后睡眠潜伏期，睡眠持续性，白天功能紊乱等因子分降低更明显。结论：脑电生物反馈治疗可以明显改善失眠症患者症状，疗效优于传统药物治疗。     

右佐匹克隆治疗老年失眠症患者疗效分析

本研究应用右佐匹克隆治疗老年慢性失眠症,报告如下.1 对象和方法全部患者均来自于2010年7月至2011年8月桂林市社会福利医院、桂林医学院附属医院、桂林市第五人民医院80例以失眠为主诉的老年慢性失眠患者;均符合CCMD-3失眠症诊断标准.排除严重躯体疾病、脑器质性精神障碍及药物依赖、有严重自杀企图或行为者.入组前告知患者所用药物并获得知情同意.随机分为研究组和对照组各40例;研究组男16例,女24例;年龄62～90,平均(68±12)岁.对照组男14倒,女26例;年龄63～ 89岁,平均(67±13)岁.     

脑电生物反馈辅助治疗广泛性焦虑的疗效观察

探讨脑电生物反馈辅助治疗广泛性焦虑的疗效,现将结果报道如下： 1对象和方法 1．1对象为2006年3月-2007年3月在我院心理科门诊就诊的广泛性焦虑患者,均符合CCMD-3中广泛性焦虑的诊断标准;HAMA评分≥14分,为初中以上文化,排除躯体及神经系统疾病,酒精及药物依赖,共36例。随机分为两组：治疗组为丁螺环酮合并生物反馈治疗,共18例,男9例,女9例;     

养血清脑颗粒联合右佐匹克隆治疗神经衰弱疗效观察

目的分析养血清脑颗粒+右佐匹克隆片(文飞)治疗神经衰弱的临床效果。方法回顾性分析68例因神经衰弱入住我院神经内科患者的临床资料,根据不同治疗方案随机分成对照组34例,采用谷维素+艾司唑仑片治疗;研究组34例,采用养血清脑颗粒+右佐匹克隆片治疗。观察治疗10d后2组治疗效果及不良反应。结果研究组疗效明显高于对照组,2组对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组头痛症状、睡眠、精神状况得到有效改善。结论养血清脑颗粒+右佐匹克隆片(文飞)治疗神经衰弱效果较好,且不良反应小,适于临床推广。     

扎来普隆治疗失眠症的双盲对照研究

目的：评价扎来普隆治疗失眠症的有效性和安全性。方法：采用随机、双盲、对照研究,60例患者随机分配至扎来普隆组30例,佐匹克隆组30例;分别口服扎来普隆胶囊10mg/d或佐匹克隆片7.5mg/d,治疗14d。结果：扎来普隆组有效率93,3％,佐匹克隆组有效率90．0％,差异无显著性。结论：扎来普隆胶囊是一种有效、安全的治疗睡眠障碍药物。     

右佐匹克隆片结合耳穴贴压对绝经期女性失眠症的疗效

目的分析联合应用右佐匹克隆片及耳穴贴压治疗绝经期女性失眠症的临床疗效。方法将100例绝经后出现失眠症的患者随机分为A组及B组,每组50例,A组给予右佐匹克隆片治疗,B组给予联合右佐匹克隆片及耳穴贴压治疗,对比2组失眠症疗效。结果治疗前2组在SPIEGEL睡眠量表评分(SPIEGE评分)、匹斯堡睡眠质量评分(PSQI评分)及睡眠状态问卷量表评分(SQ评分)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05),在治疗4周后,2组三项睡眠量表评分均明显改善(P0.05),B组三项睡眠量表评分改善差值均明显优于A组(P0.05);且B组治疗总有效率明显优于A组(P0.05)。2组不良反应比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论联合应用右佐匹克隆片及耳穴贴压可显著提高绝经期女性失眠症的临床疗效。     

右佐匹克隆治疗失眠症疗效观察

失眠症是最常见的睡眠障碍性疾患,欧美等国家患病率在20%～30%,我国患病率10%～20%[1]。失眠症可造成注意力不集中、记忆力减退、判断力和日常生活能力下降,严重者合并焦虑、强迫和抑郁等症。我院于2012-07以来对门诊诊治的失眠症患者予以右佐匹克隆片口服效果肯定,且不良反应少。1资料与方法1.1一般资料研究对象选择自2012-07—2013-03我院门诊就诊的失眠症患者100例,治疗组50例,男23例,女27     

脑电生物反馈治疗住院精神分裂症的临床观察

目的观察脑电生物反馈治疗住院精神分裂症的辅助治疗作用。方法将80例住院精神分裂症患者随机分为实验组和对照组各40例,前者应用药物治疗的同时实施脑电生物反馈治疗,后者单用药物治疗。治疗6周后比较两组患者NOSIE总分值的变化。结果实验组治疗6周后NOSIE总估计分明显升高,与对照组相比差异有统计意义（P〈0.01）。结论脑电生物反馈辅助药物治疗精神分裂症安全、有效、无不良反应。     

失眠症睡眠脑电的研究进展

本综述了近年来有关失眠症患睡眠脑电图研究的新进展。     

国产扎来普隆胶囊治疗失眠症对照研究

目的评价国产扎来普隆胶囊治疗失眠症的有效性和安全性。方法40例患者随机分配到扎来普隆胶囊组20例,佐匹克隆胶囊组20例,治疗2周,采用睡眠障碍量表评定疗效。结果扎来普隆胶囊组有效率为75%,佐匹克隆胶囊有效率为80%,差异均无显著性。结论扎来普隆胶囊是一种有效、安全的治疗睡眠障碍的新药。     

脑电生物反馈治疗失眠32例疗效分析

目的分析并评价脑电生物反馈对失眠病人的临床治疗效果。方法对我院自2009-01～2010-12期间收治的32例失眠患者采用脑电波反馈方法进行治疗,在治疗前及治疗后分别应用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表(PSQI)对病人睡眠质量进行评定,应用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对病人心理健康水平进行评定。结果治疗前实验组与对照组的各波功率值相比差异不显著(P>0.05),不具有统计学意义。实验组治疗后脑电波总波功率以及β波值均比治疗前有明显降低(P<0.05),而且也比对照组有明显降低(P<0.05),均具有统计学意义。通过脑电波反馈进行治疗后,失眠病人SCL-90总分值、各因子分值以及PSQI分值均比治疗前明显降低(P<0.01),具有统计学意义。结论采用脑电生物反馈治疗能够明显改善失眠病人的脑电波,在提高失眠病人的睡眠质量方面疗效较为理想。     

EEG biofeedback: Physiological behavior modification

The author reviews the use of operant conditioning to alter electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. A discrete rhythmic EEG pattern directly related to modulation of motor patterns (sensorimotor rhythm, SMR) was brought under voluntary control in the cat. This technique was modified for use in epileptic human volunteers in order to reduce motor seizures. The use of a newer experimental design and its successful application in one subject is described.     

脑电生物反馈治疗躯体形式障碍的对照研究

目的 研究脑电生物反馈治疗躯体形式障碍的安全有效性.方法 入组54例患者随机分为研究组（帕罗西汀联合脑电生物反馈治疗）和对照组（单用帕罗西汀治疗）,治疗6周;采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）评定疗效,副反应量表（ TESS） 评定不良反应.结果治疗后2组SCL-90躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、恐怖、强迫各因子分较治疗前明显减少,研究组SCL-90躯体化、抑郁、焦虑因子分明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）,2组各时期TESS评分比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论脑电生物反馈治疗联合帕罗西汀治疗躯体形式障碍疗效更为显著,不增加不良反应.     

An open label study of the use of EEG biofeedback using beta training to reduce anxiety for patients with cardiac events

OBJECTIVE: To establish the effectiveness of EEG biofeedback using beta training as a relaxation technique and ultimately reducing anxiety levels of patients with confirmed unstable angina or myocardial infarction. METHODOLOGY: Patients with confirmed unstable angina or myocardial infarction referred by cardiologists were recruited 2-3 days after their cardiac event from the cardiology wards. Their initial anxiety scores were determined using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Those that returned for therapy underwent instrument feedback training using EEG every two weeks for a total of five sessions. EEG frequencies were measured for all sessions. Dropouts who did not participate in the program agreed to return 3 months later for the second psychological assessment. The study design was uncontrolled. RESULTS: Subjects had significantly lower anxiety scores at the second screening (p < 0.001), while the dropouts had significantly higher scores (p < 0.001). Beta training was effective in increasing sensory motor rhythm (SMR) waves but no significant effect was present for the alpha waves. CONCLUSIONS: The uncontrolled nature of the study limits firm conclusions. However, the significantly lowered anxiety scores for subjects and enhancing of SMR waves indicate the effectiveness of beta training as a promising approach to EEG biofeedback for anxiety reduction.     

EEG Biofeedback on a Female Stroke Patient with Depression: A Case Study

ABSTRACT

Background. This single case concerns the treatment of a 71-year-old female stroke patient. The patient's MRI revealed that the location of the stroke was in the right side basal ganglia with damage extending into the anterior limb of the internal capsule. She presented with a virtual paralysis of the left side of her body (hemiplegia with immobilized left arm, contracted fist, minimal motor control over left leg, absence of muscle tonus in left side of face and slurred, monotonic speech).

Method. The client was provided with EEG biofeedback training on a one to two half-hour sessions per week schedule. Bipolar montages were used along with single site protocols. This was based largely on the idea of reciprocal communication loops between widely separated cortical generators. It was thought that encouraging communication between cortical sites would have a beneficial impact on impairments related to both functional and structural damage. EEG training protocols included SMR (12-15 Hz) enhancement at C4, C4-Pz and T3-T4 with theta suppression; beta (15-18 Hz) enhancement with theta suppression at C3, C3-Fpz and at C3-Fp1.

Results. Patient showed significant improvement in gross motor control and range of movement of left arm and leg. The most dramatic improvement was observed in speech (articulation, strength and tone). While substantial improvements were observed in motor ability, restoration of mood stability proved somewhat more elusive. Since she was receiving additional treatment (physical therapy and medication management), it is impossible to attribute the improvement in functioning solely to the EEG training. However, the consensus among the attending medical personnel was that the improvements noted above took place with unusual expeditiousness.

Discussion. When performing EEG biofeedback it may be most practical to adopt an “exercise model” approach in which the regulatory mechanisms in the brain are challenged through the sequential use of multiple protocol configurations. In this case several different training protocols proved useful in her ongoing recovery. While improvements in functioning were a result of a concerted effort involving multiple therapeutic interventions, it is likely that neurofeedback played a vital synergistic role.     

门诊老年失眠症患者生活质量及苯二氮类药物使用情况

目的：了解门诊老年失眠症患者生活质量与睡眠的关系及使用苯二氮类药（BZDs）改善睡眠的情况。方法：对老年失眠症患者和来自社区的无失眠症状的老年人各88例,采用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI-74）、匹兹堡睡眠指数（PSQI）和进行测评。结果：老年失眠症患者的GQOLI总分及物质生活维度、心理功能维度和社会功能维度的得分均显著低于无失眠症状的老年人;而PSQI得分显著高于无失眠症状的老年人。老年失眠症患者总体生活质量及心理功能、社会功能与睡眠质量存在显著负相关。平均使用BZDs时间（12.10±4.40）个月,依赖发生率71.59%,使用较多者为艾司唑仑、阿普唑仑。结论：老年失眠症患者的生活质量较差,多数人服用BZDs改善睡眠,存在使用时间过长,有较高药物依赖发生。     

异丙酚对癫痫病人脑电图的影响

本文总结了15例癫痫和15例其他疾病患者在手术中用异丙酚诱导麻醉时的脑电图（EEG）特点，并将其相比较，结果发现：①异丙酚对EEG的影响主要是使α波的数量减少，β波的数量增多，且增多在各脑区的顺予是：额、颞、顶、枕，并可使两波的波幅增高，而对δ波和θ波的影响不明显，两组间也无差异；②小剂量异丙酚可诱发各组病人EEG中棘波的出现，但随着药量的增加，棘波却逐渐消失。③异丙酚诱发EEG中棘波出现的部位均为额后部，与术前EEG中有棘波出现的部位不一致，并可引起临床发作，因此，在用此药时，为了避免大脑皮层的兴奋性过高，诱发癫痫，最好采用一次大剂量静脉推入，以尽量缩短药物对大脑皮层的兴奋时间。     

Hyperarousal and insomnia

Primary or psychophysiological insomnia has alternatively been viewed as either a predominantly psychological problem or as a predominantly physiological problem. Several early studies of patients were not able to document physiological differences, but more recent studies have found that many patients with primary insomnia take longer than control subjects to fall asleep on daytime nap tests despite feeling fatigued and they have elevated metabolic rate throughout both night and day. Other recent studies have found that increasing physiological arousal level for a week in normal sleepers produced the major secondary symptoms reported by insomniacs. In contrast, producing the disturbed sleep of insomniacs in a group of normal sleepers did not produce the typical pattern of secondary symptoms. Taken together, evidence is presented which supports the contention that primary insomniacs suffer from a disorder of hyperarousal and that the elevated arousal produces the poor sleep and other symptoms reported by patients. It is therefore suggested that new treatment strategies directed at reduction of arousal level be considered in these patients.     

Quantitative EEG in patients with presenile and senile dementia of the Alzheimer type

EEG data obtained from 27 patients with presenile Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 28 patients with senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) were compared with data from 30 age- and sex-matched controls. Both patient groups exhibited more pronounced delta and theta activity and less prominent alpha and beta activity than the controls. AD, however, was accompanied by more severe slowing than SDAT. The slowing was distributed in the left temporal and frontal regions in AD, and bilaterally in the frontal regions in SDAT. As the severity of the dementia increased, delta activity alone increased in AD, whereas, there were significantly greater increases in both delta and theta activity and decreases in alpha and beta activity in SDAT. These EEG differences appear to be related to the degree of brain damage and the speed of progression of the disease process.