勃起功能障碍与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征关系研究进展

勃起功能障碍(erectile dysfunction,ED)是指持续不能达到和(或)维持充分勃起以获得满意的性牛活[1].根据病因不同可将ED分为心因性、器质性和混合性3大类,其中器质性ED的发生受到很多因素的影响,其原发危险因素包括高血压、高血脂、糖尿病、冠状动脉和外周血管疾病等.     

持续气道正压通气对睡眠呼吸暂停综合征合并勃起功能障碍的治疗

目的 :探讨经鼻持续气道正压通气 (nCPAP)对睡眠呼吸暂停综合征 (SAS)合并勃起功能障碍 (ED)患者勃起功能的影响。　方法 :SAS合并ED患者 2 7例 ,随机分为治疗组 15例和对照组 12例 ,治疗组使用BIPAP呼吸机以nCPAP治疗 1个月 ,比较两组治疗前后睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数 (AHI)、最低SaO2 和勃起功能国际问卷 5 (IIEF 5 )评分的变化。　结果 :两组患者治疗前AHI、最低SaO2 、勃起功能、IIEF 5评分无明显差异 ,治疗组在治疗后比治疗前、对照组均有明显改善 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5 )。而对照组在治疗前后上述指标无明显变化 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论 :nCPAP可改善SAS合并ED患者的勃起功能。     

持续气道正压通气对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者勃起功能障碍疗效的meta分析

目的:评价持续气道正压通气(CPAP)对阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者勃起功能障碍(ED)的影响。方法:计算机检索Cochrane Library、PubMed、中国学术期刊全文数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、万方资源数据库和中国重要会议论文全文数据库并手工检索相关期刊,全面收集CPAP对OSAS合并性功能障碍的临床研究,按照纳入、排除标准选择实验研究并评价质量,而后提取有效数据进行meta分析。结果:最终纳入4篇文献,1篇中文,3篇英文,包括77例患者。meta分析结果显示各研究间无统计学异质性(P=0.80;I2=0%),故采用固定效应模型进行meta分析。结果显示经CPAP治疗后,IIEF-5增高[WMD=4.19,95%(3.01,5.36),P<0.001]。结论:现有临床研究证据显示,对于OSAS合并ED患者,CPAP治疗能明显减轻ED。但因研究质量及研究样本存在明显局限性,期待更多高质量、大规模的临床随机对照研究加以验证。     

DocSnoreNix分体式口腔矫治器治疗阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气综合征的疗效研究

目的：评估DocSnoreNix分体式口腔矫治器治疗轻中度阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的疗效。方法：选取16例轻中度阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者,为其制作分体式口腔矫治器,对比佩戴前后鼾声嗜睡以及PSG监测指标。结果：与戴用DocSnoreNix分体式口腔矫治器治疗前比较,16例患者的呼吸暂停低通气指数（AHI）、最低血氧饱和度有明显的改善,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;鼾声和嗜睡明显减轻,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。患者无明显不适,依从性好。结论：DocSnoreNix分体式口腔矫治器佩戴舒适、制作简单是治疗轻中度阻塞性呼吸暂停低通气综合征的有效方法。     

颈围与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征关系研究

测量139例睡眠打鼾者的颈围,然后应用多导睡眠仪(PSG)进行整夜(9 h)睡眠呼吸检测.结果62例正常者的颈围为(39.3士3.4)cm.77例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)的平均颈围为(41.0士2.9)cm.后者显著高于前者(P<0.05);不同程度的OSAHS病人,颈围差异无显著性意义(P>0.05).提示颈围增粗的睡眠打鼾者为OSAHS的高危人群.有必要进行PSG检查来确诊。     

鼻腔扩容术治疗轻中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征疗效分析

目的:探讨鼻腔扩容术治疗轻中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome,OSAHS)的方法及效果.方法:选择120例鼻腔结构异常引起的鼻腔阻塞导致轻中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征,应用鼻内镜技术行鼻中隔偏曲矫正术,鼻窦对称性开放术,鼻腔外侧壁结构异常矫正,腺样体切除术等.结果:术后6月行多导睡眠仪(polysomnography,PSG)监测:有效25例占21.8％:显效75例占62.5％;治愈19例占15.6％,无效1例占0.8％,总有效率为99.2％.术后1年多导睡眠仪(polysomnography,PSG)监测114例:有效22例占19 3％;显效74例占64.9％;治愈18例占15.8％,无效1例占0 9％总有效率为99.1％.鼻阻塞均消失,主观症状75例病人无或轻度鼾声,无明显呼吸暂停,白天无嗜睡现象.10例病人有中度鼾声及白天轻度嗜睡.1例和术前相比无任何变化.结论:鼻腔扩容术治疗轻中度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征疗效确切.     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征治疗体会

目的探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的可行性手术方案。方法回顾性分析经多导睡眠仪(PSG)及临床确诊的OSAHS患者68例病历资料,其阻塞部位位于咽腔及鼻腔。经联合或分次手术治疗。结果术后随访6个月有效率100%,12个月有效率97%。提高了生活质量,无严重并发症发生。结论对确诊为OSAHS患者,根据阻塞部位为咽腔及鼻腔者分别行腭垂腭咽成形术、鼻部手术以扩大咽腔改善通气,可达到较好的疗效。     

50例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征同期多平面手术的疗效分析

目的:探讨阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征同期多平面手术的疗效。方法:选择2009年5月～2012年2月在我院耳鼻咽喉科诊断为重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征50例,均采取气管插管全身麻醉下行多平面手术治疗中的悬雍垂腭咽成形术。结果:所有患者手术过程顺利,治愈42例,有效8例。手术后AHI值有明显下降(P<0.05),悬雍垂与咽后壁间距、悬雍垂长度也有明显缩小(P<0.05),腭舌弓间距有明显增大(P<0.05)。手术前后的收缩压与舒张压差异也具有统计学意义(P<0.05),并发症相对少而轻。结论:阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征同期多平面手术可以提高患者的术后生存状况,不过要积极注重适应症,保护患者的正常生理功能。     

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征与骨质疏松症的相 关性分析

目的分析阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS)与骨质疏松症的相关性。方法选择深圳市人民医院收治的 63例阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征患者为实验组,39例体检中心的非OSAHS人群为对照组,所有参与实验的对象行体 格检查、调查问卷、多导睡眠检测、骨密度检测等,比较两者人群的骨密度、骨质疏松症患病率,并对OSAHS患者行骨密度与最 低血氧饱和度（SaOJ的相关性分析。结果中、重度OSAHS患者的腰椎L14、股骨颈的骨密度低于对照组;中、重度OSAHS 患者骨质疏松症发生率高于对照组。此外,OSAHS患者的骨密度水平与最低SaO2呈正相关,患者最低SaO2越低,骨密度水 平越低。结论OSAHS患者容易继发骨质疏松症,低氧血症可能是OSAHS患者其并发骨质疏松症的重要危险因素。     

Obstructif sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: evolution of an old concept

This review summarizes the well-known clinical features of the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and emphasizes new research on this syndrome. Though described in the seventies, the prevalence OSAHS is known mainly in the US. A dramatic increasing in prevalence has been related to the increase prevalence of obesity, raising a substantial public health problem. Discussion continues on the proper definition of the syndrome and degrees of severity. Multiple factors are involved in the pathogenesis of sleep apnea: anatomic abnormalities, mechanical factors, nervous alterations, muscular imbalance between pharyngeal constrictor and dilator muscles or part of a metabolic syndrome? Indeed, obstructive sleep apnea with and without obesity is increasingly implicated in the initiation and progression of metabolic disorders and of cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, cardiac ischemia and probably congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias and strokes). An extended literature reports the neural, humoral, thrombotic, metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms linking OSAHS to endocrinology and cardiovascular diseases. Daytime sleepiness, cognitive, memory and performance deficits with their risks are also stressed. These consequences require treating this syndrome as soon as possible. Multiple interventions (medical, mechanical-nasal positive airway pressure or oral appliances, and sometimes surgical management) can be used but nasal continuous positive airway pressure is the "gold standard" treatment in severe OSAHS. More often multiple interventions are appropriate in a given patient. Finally, there is growing evidence that genetic factors influence the expression of OSAHS. Numerous genetic studies have investigated the etiology of OSAHS with the goal of improving our understanding of its pathogenesis.     

Sildenafil versus continuous positive airway pressure for erectile dysfunction in men with obstructive sleep apnea： a comparat-ive study of their efficacy and safety and the patient＇s satisfaction with treatment

Aim： To assess the efficacy of sildenafil and continuous positive airway pressure （CPAP） in the treatment of concurrent erectile dysfunction （ED） with obstructive sleep apnea （OSA）, and to gauge the level of treatment satisfaction in patients and their partners. Methods： Forty men were treated for 12 weeks with sildenafil 100 mg （20 men） or CPAP during nighttime sleep （20 men）. Treatment efficacy was assessed by the rate of successful intercourse attempts, and satisfaction with treatment was assessed by patients＇ and partners＇ answers to question 1 of the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction. Results： Under sildenafil, 128 of 249 （51.4%） intercourse attempts were successful; under CPAP, 51 of 193 （26.9%） attempts were successful （^cp 〈 0.001）. Erectile function was improved in both groups. After sildenafil and CPAP treatment, the mean International Index for Erectile Function domain scores were 14.3 and 10.8, respectively （^bp = 0.025）, compared to 7.8 and 7 at baseline, respectively. CPAP and sildenafil were well tolerated. Sporadic episodes of nasal dryness under CPAP and transient headache and flushing under sildenafil were not significant. Fifty percent of patients treated with sildenafil and 25% with CPAP were satisfied with the treatment, and their partners were equally satisfied. The satisfaction scores for both patients and partners under sildenafil were superior to those under CPAP （^cP 〈 0.002）. Conclusion： Both sildenafil 100 mg and CPAP, used separately, had positive therapeutic impact but sildenafil was superior. Patients and their partners were more satisfied with sildenafil for the treatment of ED. However, because of the high proportion of dissatisfied men and partners, new therapeutic agents or a combination of the two methods must be studied further.     

超声在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患儿气管插管中的应用

目的 探讨超声在阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患儿气管插管时选择合适导管型号、插管成功率、围术期气道相关并发症中的应用效果。方法 选择择期全麻下行扁桃体和(或)腺样体切除术的OSAS患儿123例,男59例,女64例,年龄3～8岁,身高92～141 cm,体重16～39 kg, ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,MallampatiⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法将患儿分为两组：超声组(n=62)和常规组(n=61)。超声组通过测量环状软骨内空气-黏膜界面直径来选择导管型号,听诊法和气管超声检查定位导管深度;常规组采用年龄公式确定气管导管型号,听诊法确定插管深度。记录插管深度、首次插管成功例数、插管时间和气管导管置换、气管导管脱出、支气管内插管、咳嗽声嘶、拔管后喘鸣等围术期气道相关并发症发生情况。结果 与常规组比较,超声组插管深度明显增加(P<0.05),首次插管成功率明显升高(P<0.05),插管时间明显延长(P<0.05),气管导管置换发生率明显降低(P<0.05)。两组气管套管脱出、支气管内插管、咳嗽声嘶和拔管后喘鸣发生率差异无统计学意义。结论OSAS患儿术中通过气管超声选择...     

Venogenic erectile dysfunction in Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome

OBJECTIVE: To report the management of erectile dysfunction (ED) secondary to Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome (KTS), a rare congenital vascular disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Three men (mean age 33 years) with vasogenic ED secondary to KTS underwent venous ligation surgery of the affected veins. These men had tried various treatments for their ED, including phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and intracavernosal injection therapy, with little success. RESULTS: There was abnormal penile venous drainage in all three men, probably associated with congenital vascular malformation from KTS. After venous ligation the men were followed for 5 years and all reported good quality erections satisfactory for sexual intercourse. CONCLUSION: ED in men with KTS may be due to venous drainage anomalies and if confirmed, venous ligation surgery should be performed as this gives the best chance of a complete resolution.     

每日小剂量他达拉非治疗骨盆骨折尿道断裂后勃起功能障碍的疗效观察

目的:评价每日小剂量他达拉非治疗骨盆骨折尿道断裂(PFUD)后勃起功能障碍(ED)的疗效。方法:2008年1月至2011年12月共有46例骨盆骨折尿道断裂后ED患者纳入观察。患者年龄25～51(33.9±7.2)岁,受伤时间3～72(19.6±12.7)个月。所有患者自诉受伤前的性功能正常。患者在未服用5型磷酸二酯酶抑制剂的情况下进行夜间勃起周径和硬度测量(NPTR)。根据NPTR检测结果将患者分为有夜间勃起异常组和无夜间勃起组。对所有患者给予每晚他达拉非10 mg治疗3个月,采用IIEF-5评分、性生活日记问题2和问题3评价治疗效果。结果:38例(82.6%)患者完成检查和治疗,8例失访。NPTR检测证实夜间勃起异常26例(68.4%),无夜间勃起12例(31.6%)。他达拉非治疗3个月后,夜间勃起异常组患者IIEF-5改善明显高于无夜间勃起组(P<0.05),夜间勃起异常组患者对SEP2和SEP3回答"是"的比例明显高于无夜间勃起组(76.9%vs41.7%,65.4%vs 25.0%,P<0.05)。结论:每日小剂量他达拉非可有效改善PFUD后ED患者的勃起功能,有夜间勃起的患者治疗效果更明显。     

儿童扁桃体及腺样体术前表面细菌培养结果与术后发热相关性分析

目的:分析因阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)而需要行手术的患儿,术前腺样体及扁桃体表面的细菌培养结果与术后发热的关系.方法:随机抽取诊断为OSAHS并拟行腺样体及扁桃体手术的患儿60例,于术前采用咽拭子法,取扁桃体、腺样体表面分泌物进行细菌培养,采用低温等离子消融系统实施腺样体切除+扁桃体部分切除手术,观察并记录其术后体温的变化.将术前细菌培养阳性组与阴性组患者术后发热情况进行比较.结果:细菌培养结果以正常菌群为主,扁桃体及腺样体检出率分别为96.7％(58/60例)及78.3％(47/60例);条件致病菌以金黄色葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌为主,其在扁桃体的检出率分别为28.3％(17/60例)和11.7％(7/60例),在腺样体的检出率分别为26.7％(16/60例)和16.7％(10/60例);术前细菌培养阳性组与阴性组比较,两组术后发热率差异无统计学意义(P=0.052).结论:儿童扁桃体及腺样体术前细菌培养阳性与术后发热无关.     

Prevalence of erectile dysfunction in patients with metabolic syndrome

AIM: We wished to investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome and erectile dysfunction (ED). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 268 patients were included in this study. All of the patients were asked to fill in an International Index for Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire. The presence of metabolic syndrome was determined when any three or more of the five risk factors were present according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel (ATP)-III. The relationship between risk factor for metabolic syndrome and ED status was determined according to logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Eighty-nine patients (33%) constituted the metabolic syndrome group. IIEF-EF domain scores of patients with and without metabolic syndrome were 17.7 +/- 7.9 and 21.7 +/- 7.5, respectively (P < 0.001). Seventy-four percent of patients with metabolic syndrome and 50% of patients without metabolic syndrome had ED (P < 0.001; odds ratio 2.9; 95% CI 1.7-5.0). Erectile function domain scores significantly decreased as the number of metabolic risk factors increased (P < 0.001). Patients with the risk factor of fasting blood glucose (FBG), waist circumference (WC), or hypertension (HT) had lower erectile function domain scores than the patients with other metabolic risk factors. Logistic regression analysis revealed that FBG and WC were the most important criteria for ED. CONCLUSIONS: Metabolic syndrome seems to be a potential risk factor for ED. We recommend patients with metabolic syndrome should be questioned about ED, and WC measurement might take part in the evaluation of ED.