胚胎大鼠神经干细胞的分离培养及鉴定研究

目的建立胎鼠神经干细胞体外培养方法并鉴定神经干细胞,观察神经干细胞生长特点。方法采用含碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和表皮生长因子的无血清培养基对大鼠胚胎间脑组织细胞悬液进行培养。通过检测神经干细胞的特异性抗原、神经干细胞的自我增殖能力和分化能力来鉴定神经干细胞。结果分离培养出了大量具有不断增殖的能力、表达神经巢蛋白的神经干细胞,并能经过诱导分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞,并能稳定传代20代以上。结论无血清培养基分离培养的胎鼠脑组织神经干细胞具有自我更新和增殖能力,巢蛋白细胞免疫荧光鉴定为神经干细胞,成功建立了大鼠神经干细胞的分离培养方法。     

小鼠胚胎神经干细胞体外培养及鉴定的实验研究

目的:探讨小鼠胚胎神经干细胞体外分离培养增殖及分化,为进一步的实验研究提供基础。方法:分离孕13～15d的小鼠胚胎脑组织,在加入碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)和表皮细胞生长因子(EGF)的B27无血清培养基中克隆培养,并用10%的胎牛血清诱导其贴壁分化,应用免疫荧光染色方法行巢蛋白(Nestin),β-微管蛋白(β-tublin),胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)染色,对神经干细胞(NSCs)及其分化的细胞进行鉴定。结果:分离培养的细胞可形成典型的神经球,并传代。细胞表达神经巢蛋白,并可诱导分化为神经细胞和神经胶质细胞。结论:小鼠胚胎神经干细胞能够在体外适宜的条件下大量增殖,并且具有多向分化潜能。     

SD胎鼠脊髓神经干细胞分离、培养及鉴定

目的 分离、培养和鉴定胎鼠脊髓神经干细胞,为建立稳定的脊髓神经干细胞系提供基础.方法 应用无血清培养技术从胎鼠脊髓分离、培养神经干细胞,用免疫细胞化学方法鉴定分离的神经干细胞.结果 分离培养的细胞具有不断增殖的能力,表达神经巢蛋白,并能经过诱导分化为神经元和神经胶质细胞.结论 分离到的细胞具有自我复制能力和多向分化潜能,是中枢神经系统的干细胞,为应用于中枢神经系统损伤治疗提供了基础.     

C57胚胎小鼠神经干细胞的分离、培养与鉴定

目的体外分离、培养神经干细胞（NSCs）,并对其进行鉴定。方法采用手动法及胰蛋白酶消化法分离胎鼠脑细胞,用优化的无血清NSCs培养基进行培养。细胞免疫荧光法检测NSCs特异性标记分子的表达。结果分离的脑细胞体外培养48 h已大部分贴壁,3 d左右获得大量未分化呈巢状悬浮生长的神经干细胞团。第3代时,很少见到贴壁细胞,几乎全是神经球,神经球周围存在较多微刺。细胞表达一种中间丝蛋白,即巢蛋白（nestin）。结论成功分离、鉴定出C57小鼠NSCs,并可在体外条件下进行传代扩增培养。     

胎鼠大脑皮层神经干细胞的分离培养、分化及鉴定

目的:建立胎鼠大脑皮层神经干细胞体外分离、培养、分化及鉴定的方法,探讨神经干细胞的基本生物学特性.方法:取孕14 d胎鼠大脑皮层,吸管吹打机械分离制成单细胞悬液,采用无血清培养和胎牛血清诱导分化,应用免疫荧光技术鉴定神经干细胞及其分化的子代细胞.结果:从胎鼠大脑皮层分离的细胞呈神经巢蛋白(Nestin)免疫阳性并能在体外传代培养,血清诱导分化后的细胞可表达神经元、星形胶质细胞的特异性抗原微管相关蛋白2和胶质纤维酸性蛋白,诱导分化成的神经元能表达突触的特异性标志Synatophymin.结论:分离和培养的细胞能表达神经干细胞的特异性标志物Nestin,并且具有很强的增殖能力和多向分化潜能,属于中枢神经系统的神经干细胞.     

胚胎大鼠海马神经干细胞分离培养和分化

目的：研究胎鼠脑海马组织去掉的神经干细胞的分离、培养、增殖及分化特点。方法：采用无血清培养、单细胞克隆技术及免疫细胞化学方法，观察海马源性神经干细胞的体外扩增和贴壁分化情况。结果：从大鼠胚胎脑海马分离的细胞具有增殖能力，可以传代培养，子代细胞免疫组化显示神经巢蛋白(nestin)阳性。经含血清培养基培养，贴壁可分化为微管相关蛋白-2(MAP2)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)阳性细胞。结论：用本方法分离培养的细胞具有自我复制和多向分化的能力，是中枢神经系统的干细胞。     

大鼠胚胎神经干细胞的分离培养及鉴定

目的:探索大鼠胚胎神经干细胞的体外分离培养条件,并观察神经干细胞增殖、分化的特点.方法:从孕14 d SD胎鼠前脑组织分离神经干细胞,用DMEM/F12无血清培养液,加入表皮生长因子(EGF)和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF),进行体外扩增、培养和传代.传3～4代的神经细胞球在含10%胎牛血清的DMEM/F12培养液中贴壁诱导分化培养.采用免疫荧光法鉴定神经干细胞和分化的神经元、星形胶质细胞及少突胶质细胞.结果:从孕14 d SD胎鼠前脑分离的细胞在含有EGF和bFGF的无血清培养液中能形成大量的神经细胞球,这些神经细胞球可在体外增殖及传代培养,经nestin染色鉴定,大部分为阳性细胞.神经细胞球在血清培养液贴壁培养后可分化出神经纤维细丝(NF)、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、半乳糖脑苷脂(Gal-C)表达阳性的细胞.结论:从孕14 d SD胎鼠前脑分离的细胞具有自我更新能力和多向分化潜能,属于神经干细胞;在含有EGF和bFGF的无血清培养液中,神经干细胞能在体外大量扩增.     

大鼠胚胎神经干细胞的分离培养及分化研究

目的:研究大鼠胚胎神经干细胞体外分离、培养的条件及增殖、分化特性。方法:取胎龄15~17 d的SD大鼠胎脑海马及室周组织,在含碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(b-FGF),表皮生长因子(EGF),B27、N2添加剂的无血清培养基中培养,用有限稀释法进行克隆、传代,免疫细胞化学法鉴定神经干细胞克隆球及诱导分化后的细胞。结果:大鼠胎脑能在体外培养获得大量神经干细胞,并分化为神经元、星形胶质细胞和少突胶质细胞。结论:胚胎脑组织有丰富的神经干细胞,可在体外长期培养并保持干细胞特性,能分化为神经元、胶质细胞等终末细胞。     

人胎脑神经干细胞的体外分离、培养与鉴定

目的探索人胎脑神经干细胞的体外分离培养条件,从而在体外大量增殖神经干细胞,并观察神经干细胞增殖和分化的特点。方法采用含碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（bFGF）和表皮细胞生长因子（EGF）的无血清培养技术,从14周自愿水囊引产人胎脑海马皮质中分离出神经干细胞,并进行培养、传代、分化观察,应用免疫荧光细胞化学技术对培养的细胞及其分化的细胞进行鉴定。结果从14周人胎脑皮质中成功分离出具有自我更新和多分化潜能的神经干细胞,在无血清培养时细胞呈悬浮状态生长,形成神经球,该细胞具有连续增殖能力,可传代培养,表达神经巢蛋白抗原（Nestin）;在含血清培养时诱导神经干细胞分化,分化后的细胞表达神经元细胞和胶质细胞的特异性抗原。结论在含有EGF和bFGF的无血清培养液中,从人胎脑能分离培养出具有自我复制和分化潜能的神经干细胞,并能在体外扩增,可进一步用于基础及临床研究。     

体外培养海马神经干细胞的分化及超微结构观察

目的：研究胎鼠海马神经干细胞（NPCs）体外培养方法、了解其分化及超微结构特点．方法：分离胎鼠海马NPCs,应用机械分离法将海马组织制成单细胞悬液,用含有bFGF和EGF的无血清培养基培养,传代后用含血清培养基促分化,免疫细胞化学方法对NPCs及其分化后的子代神经细胞进行鉴定,并在电镜下观察分化后细胞的形态结构特征．结果：海马NPCs在无血清培养基中悬浮成球,贴壁后,细胞逐渐从细胞球向周围迁移分化．体外培养胎鼠海马NPCs表达巢蛋白（nestin）,在体外可诱导分化产生分别表达Tuj-1和GFAP的神经细胞．电镜观察到分化后的神经细胞及突起相互间排列、具有各种细胞器结构,可见细胞间紧密连接,完整的突触结构．结论：采用无血清培养基中加入特定生长因子的培养技术,可培养出在体外稳定增殖并有多向分化潜能的大鼠胚胎NPCs．     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.