阿司匹林防治缺血性卒中研究概况

缺血性卒中是一类高发病率、高病死率和高致残率的疾病,多由于脑血管闭塞引起,通常为栓塞或者血栓形成.阿司匹林因较好的抗血栓作用广泛应用于缺血性卒中,本文通过查阅文献,总结了阿司匹林防治缺血性卒中的机制,其在急性缺血性卒中、缺血性卒中二级预防中的应用概况和防治缺血性卒中出现的问题等几个方面,以便为更好的在缺血性卒中应用阿司匹林提供参考.     

H型高血压与缺血性脑卒中预后分析

目的:探讨高血压患者的血浆同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)水平与缺血性脑卒中再发风险的相关性.方法:对260例缺血性脑卒中患者进行随访4年,将所有对象分为仅有高Hcy水平、仅有高血压、无高Hcy水平合并有高血压、高Hcy水平合并有高血压4种情况,多种统计方法探讨高血压伴有血浆高同型半胱氨酸患者与缺血性脑卒中再发风险的关系.结果:血浆高同型半胱氨酸(P<0.0005)与高血压(P<0.0001)分别是缺血性脑卒中复发的危险因素,在考虑高血压因素与血浆高同型半胱氨酸的协同作用时,高血压伴高同型半胱氨酸水平对缺血性脑卒中的复发有显著影响(P<0.05).结论:H型高血压患者是缺血性脑卒中复发和再发的重要危险因素.     

缺血性脑卒中危险因素的病例对照研究

目的：探讨各种危险因素与江苏地区缺血性脑卒中发病风险的关系。方法：收集江苏地区缺血性脑卒中病例245例,正常对照组281例,采用病例对照研究方法,分析各危险因素与缺血性脑卒中发病风险的关系。结果：单因素分析显示：吸烟、肥胖、高盐饮食、高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、HP感染、高尿酸血症、高甘油三酯、低高密度脂蛋白均能增加缺血性脑卒中的发病风险（P〈0.05）。Logistic回归分析显示：与缺血性脑卒中密切相关的危险因素依次为：高血压、糖尿病、低高低密度脂蛋白、冠心病、肥胖、高盐饮食、高尿酸血症、吸烟。结论：缺血性脑卒中是多危险因素疾病,需要采取综合干预措施。明确本地区的缺血性脑卒中相关危险因素,可以为个体化预防和治疗提供参考依据。     

高氧液治疗慢性缺血性肠病的临床研究

目的探讨缺血性肠病的发病原因和临床表现,以及高氧液对慢性缺血性肠病的治疗效果。方法回顾性总结我院收治的17例慢性缺血性肠病患者的临床资料。结果痊愈15例、好转2例。结论肠系膜动脉狭窄是慢性缺血性肠病的主要原因,可引起组织缺血缺氧,高氧液能够减轻肠道因缺血引起的损伤,对慢性缺血性肠病的治疗有显著效果。     

醒脑开窍针刺法配合补阳还五汤治疗缺血性脑卒中临床观察

缺血性脑卒中发病率高、致残率高、治愈率较低,我院2008年2月～2009年6月用醒脑开窍针刺法配合补阳还五汤加减治疗急性缺血性脑卒中取得较好疗效,现报道如下.     

缺血性脑卒中——缺血性脑卒中的早期诊断及院前处理

脑卒中是非常严重的健康和社会问题，具有发病率高、致残率高、复发率高以及医疗花费比例高等特点。缺血性脑卒中发病率呈上升趋势，自2000年开始，国内和国际的流行病学调查研究显示，缺血性脑卒中致死、致残率占脑卒中的60％～80％。对缺血性脑卒中防治的综合效益较大，针对缺血性卒中危险因素，如高血压病、糖尿病、心脏病、高血脂、吸烟等的综合防治，对改善患者生活质量、降低社会医疗花费大有益处。现就缺血性脑卒中的诊断、急救、治疗、康复等问题作以阐述，以期增强基层医生对缺血性脑卒中的认识，规范治疗，提高患者的生存质量。     

缺血性脑血管病的病因分析

“缺血性脑血管病具有高死亡率和高致残率的严重危害,被公认为世界的三大致残致死疾病之一.缺血性脑血管病又称缺血性脑卒中,是指局部脑组织包括神经细胞、胶质细胞及联系纤维由于供血障碍发生的变性、坏死或一过性的功能丧失”.本文主要从四个方面研究了缺血性血管病的发病机制,为进一步深入研究此病的治疗方法提供了切实可行的医学帮助.     

不容小觑的心源性卒中

<正>脑卒中俗称“中风”,通常发病急、病情进展迅速,具有发病率高、致残率高、死亡率高和复发率高的特点,目前已成为我国成年人致死致残的首位病因。脑卒中包括缺血性脑卒中（又称脑梗死）和出血性脑卒中,其中缺血性脑卒中大约占到脑卒中的70%,而约20%以上的缺血性脑卒中根源来自心脏,这种“根在心、梗在脑”的卒中,被称为心源性卒中。     

不同亚型缺血性脑卒中临床特征及出院结局

世界卫生组织报告表明,脑卒中是全球导致居民死亡和致残的主要原因之一〔1〕,也是中国居民的主要死亡原因之一〔2〕。脑卒中具有病后高死亡率、高致残率、高复发率的特点,按其性质分为缺血性脑卒中和出血性脑卒中。有研究表明,约85%的脑卒中患者为缺血性脑卒中〔3〕,但不同亚型的缺血性脑卒中其发病原因和机理可能并不完全相同〔4〕。     

急性缺血性结肠炎21例临床诊断与治疗

目的探讨急性缺血性结肠炎的临床特征、诊断方法及治疗。方法对笔者所在医院收治的21例急性缺血性结肠炎患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析、总结。结果结肠镜对缺血性结肠炎诊断率高。结论结肠镜可用于急性缺血性结肠炎的早期诊断。     

大数据背景下的脑卒中疾病负担研究方法概述

脑卒中发病具有致残率高、死亡率高的特点,给社会和个人带来巨大的疾病负担。在全球卫生系统高度信息化的今天,各国纷纷搭建与完善公共卫生信息平台,通过平台中的公共卫生信息实现收集、整理、挖掘、分析、共享一体化,研究脑卒中的疾病负担,为卫生决策提供支撑。本研究通过对国内外文献资料进行检索复习,概述了我国脑卒中疾病负担的研究方法及其公共卫生信息来源,评价了各个疾病负担研究方法的公共卫生学意义以及局限性,描述了全球以及我国脑卒中疾病负担大数据平台的应用及发展情况,并通过总结我国现有的脑卒中疾病负担评价系统的局限性,对我国建立更加现代化以及信息化的脑卒中疾病负担评价系统提供建议。     

生活方式与心血管病

我们对生活方式与心血管病风险间的关联的认识多基于欧美发达国家人群队列研究获得的证据.近年来,来自中国人群队列研究的相关证据快速积累.今后还可增加探讨生活方式对心血管代谢性共病发生发展的影响,加强我国人群心血管病预测模型的研究和外部验证,以及在生活方式与心血管病相关研究中增加全基因组关联研究成果的转化应用.     

Worldwide alcohol-related research and the disease burden

AIMS: The purpose of this study was to determine the international commitment to alcohol-related research relative to its global burden of disease, which is 4% of disability adjusted life years (DALYs). METHODS: The worldwide literature indexed in the Science Citation Index and the Social Sciences Citation Index during 1992-2003 was analysed using advanced bibliometric techniques. RESULTS: Biomedical research and the global disease burden due to alcohol both increased during 1992-2003, whilst the number of papers from alcohol-related research remained static and declined to <0.7% of all biomedical research literature. Nearly 58% of all alcohol-related research papers were from Canada and the United States, 30% from Western Europe, and 10% from Australia, New Zealand, or Japan. However, these regions suffer only 13% of the global burden of disease due to alcohol; meanwhile, the rest of the world contributed only 8% of the total research whilst suffering from 87% of the disease burden. The estimated annual expenditure on alcohol-related research in 2001 was 730 million dollars, or about 12 dollars per DALY due to alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: The global commitment to alcohol-related research is only one-sixth of that warranted by the burden of disease due to alcohol. Most such research is conducted in the developed world but is still less than that appropriate to the regional burden of disease. There is a need for more interest in alcohol-related research in the developing world, particularly in Latin America and Eastern Europe in view of their high burden of disease due to alcohol.     

转甲状腺素蛋白淀粉样变性多发性神经病的疾病负担研究进展

目的 系统梳理全球转甲状腺素蛋白淀粉样变性多发性神经病（transthyretin amyloid polyneuropathy，ATTR-PN）疾病负担研究进展。方法 检索ISI Web of Knowledge、PubMed、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国学术文献网络出版总库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库和万方等数据库，查找关于转甲状腺素蛋白淀粉样变性多发性神经病的疾病负担研究的文献，按照纳入排除标准筛选文献、提取资料后，概括全球ATTR-PN的流行病学和疾病负担特点。结果 ATTR-PN的疾病负担主要表现为低发病率、低患病率、低生存率、患者地区分布不均、患者及照顾者生活质量较差和家庭、社会的经济负担重等特点。结论 国内外关于ATTR-PN疾病负担的研究较少且分散，未来应加强相应的研究和患者登记工作。     

Interdisciplinary Epidemiologic and Economic Research Needed to Support a Universal Childhood Influenza Vaccination Policy

Recent research indicates that influenza vaccination of childrenmay decrease the influenza disease burden in adults to a greaterextent than targeting vaccination to populations at high riskof serious disease. Possible new policies reflecting these resultswould add groups most likely to transmit disease to existingvaccination recommendations. Interdisciplinary research combiningepidemiology with economics is needed to answer critical questionsabout the desirability and feasibility of potential new policies,such as what additional resources medical providers might needto expand vaccination to larger groups or what opportunity costsparents might incur in vaccinating their children annually.In this paper, the authors provide background for some of thechanges in influenza vaccination rates and disease and discussexisting information gaps and research methods capable of closingthese gaps. They provide several examples of interdisciplinarystudies that have incorporated both economics and epidemiologyor health policy issues. These studies are representative ofa variety of stakeholder perspectives needed to determine whethercommunity-based, universal childhood vaccination policies wouldbe more efficacious and cost-effective than strategies targetedtoward persons at high risk of disease complications. economics • health policy • influenza vaccines • mass immunization • policy making • public health • research     

诺如病毒感染的流行病学研究进展

诺如病毒具有传染性强、传播途径多样、病原体易变异的特点, 是人群急性胃肠炎散发发病和暴发疫情的主要病原体, 对社会造成较大的疾病负担。本文对诺如病毒急性胃肠炎的疾病负担、诺如病毒变异及流行株、诺如病毒感染的防控、诺如病毒感染后免疫和疫苗研发的研究进展进行综述。     

Fractures, calcium, and the modern diet.

Although high calcium intakes have long been recommended to prevent osteoporosis, there is little evidence that high calcium intakes effectively prevent fractures. Osteoporotic fractures are, like coronary artery disease, largely a disease of Western societies. Recent evidence that the statins that block the mevalonate pathway, lower serum cholesterol concentrations, and improve cardiovascular disease risk also prevent fractures, together with the increasing evidence that diets high in fruit and vegetables are beneficial in preventing fractures, suggest common dietary etiologic factors. Further research in this area should answer the long-standing question: Why do populations who consume low-calcium diets have fewer fractures than do Western societies who consume high-calcium diets?     

发育性协调障碍儿童运动控制缺陷机制的研究

儿童发育性协调障碍是一种发病率较高的发育障碍性疾病,它严重威胁着学龄儿童的身心健康。而且,由于儿童发育性协调障碍临床表现的多样性,与其他疾病的高并发率以及亚型分类上的不一致导致其发病机制至今未明。该文将以运动控制学理论作为研究视角,探索儿童发育性协调障碍的感觉-运动缺陷和运动计划能力障碍等发生机制,为病因学的研究提供线索。     

慢性阻塞性肺病动物模型建立的研究进展

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,COPD)为一种常见的呼吸系统疾病,发病率和死亡率均较高,严重可能会出现肺功能进行性减退、呼吸衰竭和肺源性心脏病等问题。但目前的发病机制尚不明确,动物模型是开展COPD科研工作的有效工具,合理的动物模型能够更加彻底地探究COPD的发病机制、找出COPD有效治疗方法。因此,怎样构建一类简单方便、重复性高、同时能够复制人类临床特征的动物模型,对于这一研究课题来说十分关键。就此对当前COPD动物模型建模概况进行系统回顾。     

Paget's disease: clinical update

Paget's disease is a chronic disorder of bone remodeling, characterized by an abnormal increase of osteoclast and, hence, osteoblast activity. The imbalance of bone turnover results in the formation of unhealthy and fragile bone. It also leads to impairment of adjacent joints and to a risk of various complications. Current research focuses on the elucidation of the etiologic role viral infection and predisposing genetic factors. Paget's disease is commonly discovered by chance; its suspicion is raised either by high level of alkaline phosphatase or by the X-ray of the pathological bone. Bisphosphonates have proven to be effective in controlling disease activity because they inhibit osteoclast function. Their use is recommended when bone-derived serum alkaline phosphatase is high and/or when disease localizations are highly suspected for the development of complications.