动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折25例分析

目的 :总结动力髋螺钉 (DynamicHipScrew ,DHS)治疗股骨粗隆间骨折 2 5例的经验。方法 :2 5例股骨粗隆间骨折明确诊断后均采用DHS内固定手术治疗 (A1型 1 2例 ,A2型 1 0例 ,A3型 3例 )。结果 :经 8～ 36个月 ,平均 1 4个月随访疗效满意。结论 :术中尽可能恢复股骨粗隆部位的解剖复位 ,标准的粗螺钉牢固固定及术后早期功能锻炼是取得良好疗效的关键。     

DHS加防旋钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的评价动力髋螺钉(DHS)加防旋钉内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法应用DHS加空心加压螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折43例,以空心加压螺钉发挥防旋钉的作用。对临床疗效、并发症等进行分析。结果 41例得到7~25个月的随访,骨折愈合良好,无髋内翻等并发症。结论 DHS加防旋钉能有效地固定股骨粗隆间骨折,防止骨折旋转移位,有利于骨折愈合,适合老年股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗。     

DHS内固定与组合式外固定架治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效分析

目的比较动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定与组合式外固定架治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效。方法 64例高龄股骨粗隆间骨折采用DHS内固定41例(A组),组合式外固定架固定23例(B组)。结果 A、B组在术后卧床时间、骨折愈合时间和术后5个月Harris评分方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但B组手术时间、术中出血量和术后住院时间少于A组。结论组合式外固定架治疗高龄股骨粗隆间骨折比DHS更有优势,具有操作简单、创伤小、固定稳定等优点。     

老年股骨粗隆间骨折两种手术治疗的比较

目的比较动力髋螺钉(DHS)和股骨近端解剖钢板治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效及其应用选择。方法对68例老年股骨粗隆间骨折行手术治疗,其中股骨近端解剖钢板固定31例,动力髋螺钉(DHS)37例。从术后髋关节功能的恢复情况及并发症对两种治疗方法进行比较分析。结果动力髋螺钉(DHS)组优良率89.1%,股骨近端解剖钢板组优良率70.9%。两组差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后并发症动力髋螺钉(DHS)组2例,股骨近端解剖钢板组7例。结论对于稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折,动力髋螺钉(DHS)和股骨近端解剖钢板都是有效的内固定方法;对于不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折动力髋螺钉(DHS)比股骨近端解剖钢板更具优势。     

AO/A2型股骨粗隆间骨折内固定选择的影像学回顾性分析

目的探讨AO/A2型股骨粗隆间骨折手术内固定方法的选择。方法回顾性分析自2011-10—2014-05诊治并行内固定治疗的106例A2型股骨粗隆间骨折的临床资料,其中A2.1型29例,A2.2型45例,A2.3型32例。结果本组106例均得随访7~34个月,平均21个月。所有患者均获得骨性愈合,无一例需再手术行内固定翻修治疗。部分采用动力髋螺钉(DHS)或股骨近端锁定加压板内固定治疗的患者出现不同程度髋内翻畸形及股骨头内螺钉退出。结论对于A2型股骨粗隆间骨折,DHS内固定仍是首选的治疗方法。但在A2.2、A2.3型股骨粗隆间骨折,特别是A2.3型骨折,使用DHS或股骨近端锁定加压板等髓外固定时要特别注意保持股骨近端外侧壁的完整性,避免出现术中或术后医源性外侧壁骨折。当患者存在有骨质疏松、股骨外侧壁骨量明显减少、骨折线向小粗隆远端延伸较长时,宜选用Gamma 3或PFNA等髓内固定系统,从而避免因股骨外侧壁的破坏而出现髋内翻和退钉,甚至内固定的失败。     

三种内固定方式治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折疗效分析

目的 探讨DHS联合拉力螺钉、PFN、空心拉力螺钉三种不同内固定治疗老年股骨粗隆间骨折的临床效果.方法 对76例老年股骨粗隆间骨折采用手术治疗,其中DHS联合拉力螺钉42例,PFN16例,空心拉力螺钉18例.比较手术时间、术中出血量、下地负重时间、骨折愈合时间、Harris评分等指标.结果 随访7～34个月,空心拉力螺钉手术时间、术中出血量明显少,PFN治疗下地时间明显早于其他两组(P<0.05),DHS联合拉力螺钉固定牢固术后并发症少.结论 稳定型、顺股骨粗隆间骨折应选择DHS治疗.粉碎性、不稳定或反股骨粗隆、粗隆下骨折选择PFN治疗.高龄、体质弱的老年股骨粗隆间骨折选用空心拉力螺钉内固定.     

动力髋螺钉治疗股骨粗隆间骨折临床分析

目的探讨动力髋螺钉(DHS)在股骨粗隆间骨折的临床疗效分析。方法总结2003年至2007年用DHS在股骨粗隆间骨折的治疗经验。结果55例患者术后平均随访15个月,无髋内翻、钢板螺钉滑脱、折弯、折断,无加压钉穿出股骨头,无加压钉位置不良,全部骨性愈合。结论DHS治疗股骨粗隆间骨折是一种有效可靠内固定方法。     

DHS加空心螺钉治疗老年不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨DHS加空心螺钉治疗老年不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的手术方法及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2009年6月到2008年6月治疗的39例老年不稳定股骨粗隆间骨折,按Evans分型,Ⅲ型23例,Ⅳ型16例。其中采用DHS加1枚中空螺钉固定30例,DHS加2枚中空螺钉固定9例。结果术后随访36例,随访时间6-36个月,平均15个月。骨折全部愈合,愈合时间4-5.5个月。采用Harris疗效评定标准进行评价,其中优25例,良10例,差1例,手术治疗优良率97.2%。结论 DHS加中空螺钉联合固定是治疗老年不稳定型股骨粗隆间骨折的有效方法 ,可以有效降低内固定物失败及髋内翻的发生率,临床效果满意。     

DHS联合空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折

目的探讨DHS(Dynamic Hip Screw动力髋螺钉)加空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析31～97岁120例股骨粗隆间骨折患者的临床资料。结果 120例股骨粗隆间骨折患者按Tronzo-Evan’s分型,Ⅰ型27例,Ⅱ型32例,Ⅲ型52例,Ⅳ型9例。患有不同程度并存症56例。所有患者术后获6～24个月随访,参照髋关节功能评定标准,优93例,良27例,本组无手术死亡,未发生髋内翻、内固定断裂、螺钉切割等。结论 DHS加空心拉力螺钉内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折,加强了静压力和动压力的加压作用,加强了抗扭转力,固定牢靠,操作简便,在患者早期下床康复,减少并发症发生方面取得较好的疗效。     

DHS、LPFP和PFNA内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效分析

目的比较动力髋螺钉(DHS)、股骨近端解剖型锁定钢板(LPFP)、股骨近端防旋髓内钉(PFNA)内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的疗效。方法 120例股骨粗隆间骨折分别采用DHS、LPFP、PFNA内固定,每组40例。比较手术时间、术中出血量、骨折临床愈合时间、术后并发症及术后6个月髋关节功能Harris评分。结果术后随访6~36个月,平均18个月。PFNA组在手术时间、术中出血量、骨折临床愈合时间、术后并发症及术后6个月髋关节功能Harris评分方面优于DHS、LPFP组,LPFP组优于DHS组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论股骨粗隆间骨折应根据患者全身情况及骨折分型选择不同的内固定方法,PFNA手术时间短、术中失血少、骨折愈合快、并发症少、功能恢复好,是优先的治疗选择。     

The effects of intravesical and intradermal application of a new B.C.G. on the dog bladder

Summary Intravesical and intradermal application of B.C.G. (Bacillus Calmette Guérin) has proven to be effective in the prophylaxis of recurrence of superficial bladder carcinoma after transurethral resection and in the treatment of carcinoma in situ (C.I.S.) in man. Different strains of B.C.G. have been used for this purpose. In this article a new strain of B.C.G. (B.C.G.-R.I.V.M.) has been tested to assess its toxicity. The effects of intravesical and intradermal application of B.C.G.-R.I.V.M. were studied on normal and on coagulated canine urothelium. In this study no general side effects of B.C.G.-R.I.V.M. were seen. Only minor local changes occurred in the bladder wall. Small granulomas were found in the suburothelial tissue. No granulomas or signs of active inflammation were observed in the pelvic lymphnodes, spleen and liver. Because B.C.G.-R.I.V.M. seemed to be a safe agent in the dog we have started to use it for prophylaxis in superficial bladder cancer in man.Grant recipient of the Koningin Wilhelmina Fonds (Dutch Cancer Foundation)     

Critical appraisal of first-generation renal tumor complexity scoring systems: Creation of a second-generation model of tumor complexity

ObjectiveTo investigate whether a combination of variables from each nephrometry system improves performance. There are 3 first-generation systems that quantify tumor complexity: R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score (RNS), preoperative aspects and dimensions used for an anatomical (PADUA) classification (PC), and centrality index (CI). Although each has been subjected to validation and comparative analysis, to our knowledge, no work has been done to combine variables from each method to optimize their performance.Patients and methodsScores were assigned to each of 276 patients undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN) or radical nephrectomy (RN). Individual components of all 3 systems were evaluated in multivariable logistic regression analysis of surgery type (PN vs. RN) and combined into a “second-generation model.”ResultsIn multivariable analysis, each scoring system was a significant predictor of PN vs. RN (P<0.0001). Of the first-generation systems, CI was most highly correlated with surgery type (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91), followed by RNS (AUC = 0.90) and PC (AUC = 0.88). Each individual component of these scoring systems was also a predictor of surgery type (P<0.0001). In a multivariable model incorporating each component individually, 4 were independent predictors of surgery type (each P<0.005): tumor size (RNS and PC), nearness to the collecting system (RNS), location along the lateral rim (PC), and centrality (CI). A novel model in which these 4 variables were rescaled outperformed each first-generation system (AUC = 0.91).ConclusionsOptimization of first-generation models of renal tumor complexity results in a novel scoring system, which strongly predicts surgery type. This second-generation model should aid comprehension, but future work is still needed to establish the most clinically useful model.     

TIPS治疗对门静脉高压症患者食管、胃底组织内微血管生成的影响

目的:研究TIPS治疗对门静脉高压症患者食管、胃底组织内微血管生成的影响,探讨血管生成在门静脉高压症食管、胃底静脉曲张形成中的作用。方法:取门静脉高压症Sugiura术患者的食管贲门吻合圈标本78例。(1)PHT组:术前未行TIPS治疗。食管组织118例,胃组织25例;(2)TIPS组:术前曾行TIPS治疗,食管组织5例,胃组织12例。正常食管组织10例、胃组织8例作为对照组。应用免疫组化技术分别检测食管胃底组织内的微血管密度。结果:食管胃底组织微血管高密度区主要位于粘膜固有层,其次为粘膜下层。粘膜固有层微血管密度3组差别无统计学意义(P>0.05);粘膜下层微血管密度PHT组明显高于正常组(P<0．01)和TIPS组(p<0．05),TIPS组和正常组差别无统计学意义(P >0.05)。结论:食管胃底组织内的微血管密度与门静脉压力改变有关。门静脉高压时,食管胃底组织粘膜下层血管生成活跃,可能参与了食管胃底粘膜下静脉曲张的形成;经TIPS治疗后,粘膜下层血管生成减少。     

The "throbbing sign"--an indication of early venous congestion in replantation surgery.

Venous congestion in a replanted or transplanted digit can be detected, even before any obvious color changes, by the "throbbing" elicited by pinching the digit between the thumb and finger of the examiner until the skin blanches. Releasing the pressure slowly, a sensation of throbbing will be felt synchronous with the patient's pulse rate. The sign disappears when venous congestion is relieved or when swelling persists and increases enough to lessen the arterial inflow.     

超声介导腹腔神经节去除治疗胰腺癌疼痛

目的:评价超声介导腹腔神经节去除在胰腺癌疼痛中的疗效。方法:采用B超定位,实时超声动态监测经皮穿刺,于腹腔动脉干根部旁侧注入无水乙醇15ml,对97例胰腺癌痛患者实施腹腔神经节去除术。比较治疗前后疼痛的视觉模拟评分(VAS)以及血清SP水平变化。结果:97例中1例穿刺失败, 成功率98.7％,无急性胰腺炎、胰瘘及出血等穿刺并发症;VAS及SP较术前明显降低(P<0.01,P<0．05),有效率87．5％,显效率76.1％,12例无效。结论:超声介导腹腔神经节去除术安全可靠,能显著减轻胰腺癌疼痛。     

中国近21年成人先天性胆管扩张症流行学特征及诊治经验

目的：探讨成人先天性胆管扩张症的流行病学特征和诊疗经验。方法：联合检索维普数据库和中国期刊网等多家中文数据库中1990年1月～2010年11月有关成人先天性胆管扩张症的文章，总结分析成人先天性魍管扩张症的流行病学特征和诊治经验。结果：中国近2{年共报道5146例成人先天性胆管扩张症，有准确年龄及平均年龄报道4298例，平均年龄34．84岁，男女比例约为1：2．55，43．44％分布在华东地区，68．38％有不同程度腹痛表现，25．22％有发热或高热症状，32，46％有不同程度黄疸，18．31％可触及腹部包块，具有典型三联征表现患者占15．98％。Todani分型I型8041％，II型4．27％，III型123％，IV型1155％，V型占2，54％。手术治疗为主要治疗手段，胆管囊肿切除加胆管空肠Roux—en—Y吻合术占71．63％；术后并发症以胆管炎症状为主，发生率为12．24％；术后随访率83．55％，治愈率8684％。结论：成人先天性胆管扩张症女性多发，其中以华东地区较多，Todani分型I型为主，囊肿切除加胆肠Roux—en—Y吻合术为主要治疗手段。     

Avulsion of the gall bladder in blunt abdominal trauma

T raumatic avulsion of the gall bladder, and its subsequent dislodgement into the pelvis has not previously been reported. The case described records severe damage to the biliary system without much damage to other viscera.