三种不同术式治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效对比分析

目的比较分析三种不同手术方式治疗精索静脉曲张（VC）的疗效。方法选择1 000例初发的单侧VC患者分别采用开放经腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术（腹膜后组,n=360）、经腹股沟超选择性精索内静脉结扎术（腹股沟组,n=324）及经腹腔镜精索内静脉高位结扎术（腹腔镜组,n=316）治疗,分析各组手术操作要点,并对各组手术并发症进行比较。结果三种术式术后附睾炎、阴囊水肿、睾丸鞘膜积液发生例数分别为腹膜后组22例、15例和28例;腹股沟组54例、40例和57例;腹腔镜组32例、23例和32例。腹膜后组和腹腔镜组术后附睾炎、阴囊水肿、睾丸鞘膜积液及腹股沟区疼痛的发生率明显低于腹股沟组（P〈0.05）。结论开放经腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术及经腹腔镜精索内静脉高位结扎术具有术后恢复快、并发症较少的优点。由于腹腔镜手术费用明显较高,对术者操作有更高的要求,麻醉要求更高,所以经腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术治疗VC具有独特的优势,值得推广。     

精索静脉曲张手术方式的选择

目的 探讨在采用腹膜后精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的手术方法中，腹腔镜是否较开放手术更具优越性。方法 回顾性分析42例应用腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎和53例应用开放手术经腹膜后精索静脉高位结扎术的病例。结果 两组病例在手术时间和术后住院时间上均无明显差异。术后恢复快，随访无复发和睾丸萎缩。结论 单侧精索静脉曲张，小切口腹膜后精索静脉高位结扎术仍值得首先推荐，对于双侧和复发的精索静脉曲张，则可以优先考虑腹腔镜手术。     

经外环精索静脉结扎术与腹腔镜高位结扎治疗精索静脉曲张的评价

目的评价开放手术经外环小切口精索静脉结扎术与腹腔镜高位结扎术两种术式对治疗精索静脉曲张(varicocele,VC)的临床应用价值。方法70例病人中经外环结扎术38例,腹腔镜高位结扎术32例。结果两组在手术时间和住院时间上均无明显差异(P>0.05),住院费用有明显差异(P<0.05);术后6个月随访,经外环低位结扎者无1例复发,腹腔镜高位结扎者中5例复发,占15.63%,两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05);精子质量均有明显改善,两组间差异无显著性(P>0.05)。结论经外环小切口精索静脉低位结扎比腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎有明显的优点,是一种治疗单侧VC的经济、有效的方法。     

精索静脉曲张5种术式的疗效及并发症的对比观察

目的:比较显微镜下腹股沟径路、腹腔镜经腹径路、腹腔镜腹膜外径路、传统开放精索静脉高位结扎术和逆行介入栓塞术5种精索静脉曲张手术治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效及并发症。方法:回顾分析632例精索静脉曲张患者,按不同手术方式共有5组:显微镜下精索静脉结扎术组(79例)、腹腔镜经腹径路组(120例)、腹腔镜腹膜外径路(137例)、传统精索静脉高位开放手术组(283例)、介入栓塞组(13例),比较术前、术后3个月的精液质量、术后并发症,以及术后配偶妊娠率。结果:显微镜组和介入栓塞组手术时间最长[(2.02±1.25)h和(2.17±1.02)h];介入栓塞术组术后住院天数最短,仅(1.1±0.1)d;术中并发症(出血、肠道损伤等)腹腔镜经腹径路组2例,介入栓塞组有1例。术后阴囊水肿发生率介入栓塞组为0,显微镜组、腹腔镜经腹径路、腹腔镜腹膜外径路组、传统高位开放手术组分别为3.7%、17%、10%、19%;术后1年复发率显微镜组最低(1.6%),而介入栓塞组最高(22%)。各组术后精子浓度、前向运动(PR)精子百分率、正常形态精子百分率均较术前明显提高(P0.05),但各组间无统计学差异。配偶妊娠率各组无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:在目前5种精索静脉曲张手术方式中,腹腔镜腹膜外径路手术时间短,并发症少,适宜手术量大的男科应用;显微外科精索静脉结扎术创伤小、恢复快、术后并发症少、复发率最低,是今后的发展方向,但手术时间相对较长,需要专门显微镜和显微外科培训。介入栓塞术可局部麻醉下进行,无手术刀疤,术后恢复最快。     

显微镜下精索静脉曲张3种手术效果的对比研究(附120例报告)

目的:显微镜下经腹股沟精索内静脉高位结扎术、显微镜下经腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术与显微镜精索静脉低位结扎术疗效对比研究。方法:回顾性分析我院自2009年2月至2012年2月接受精索静脉结扎术的患者资料共计120例,根据不同的手术方式分为显微镜下经腹股沟精索内静脉高位结扎术(Ⅰ组)、显微镜下经腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术(Ⅱ组)、显微镜下精索内静脉低位结扎术(Ⅲ组),每组40例。对手术时间、术后并发症、术后复发率及手术前后精液分析报告等方面的数据进行回顾性分析。结果:手术耗时Ⅰ组(35±10)min、Ⅱ组(42±12)min、Ⅲ组(55±6)min,Ⅲ组手术时间显著长于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组(P<0.05);Ⅰ组术后并发阴囊水肿4例(10%),附睾炎3例(7.5%);Ⅱ组术后并发阴囊水肿2例(5%),附睾炎2例(5%);Ⅲ组术后并发阴囊水肿1例(2.5%),附睾炎1例(2.5%);3组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后随访6个月至1年,平均9个月,Ⅰ组2例(5%)复发;Ⅱ组1例(2.5%)复发;Ⅲ组无复发,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。所有患者术前及术后1年进行精液分析,3组患者术前精液参数各项指标差异无统计学意义,术后3组精液分析各项指标均显著改善(P<0.05),Ⅲ组精子浓度、前向精子运动百分率(%)、活动率(%)均高于Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:显微镜精索静脉低位结扎术在对精液分析参数的改善方面略优于显微镜经腹股沟精索内静脉高位结扎术及显微镜经腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术。     

三种不同术式治疗精索静脉曲张：前瞻性随机对照研究

目的探讨改良Palomo腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术、腹腔镜腹膜内精索内静脉高位结扎术以及显微镜辅助下经外环下精索静脉结扎术三种不同手术方式治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效。方法选择2017年6月至2019年6月在我院手术治疗的150例精索静脉曲张患者,按照随机数字表法分为三组,每组50例,分别行改良Palomo腹膜后精索内静脉高位结扎术(传统组)、腹腔镜腹膜内精索内静脉高位结扎术(腹腔镜组)及显微镜辅助下经外环下精索静脉结扎术(显微镜组)。比较三组患者围手术期指标、术后1年精液质量改善情况、自然致孕率、并发症发生率以及复发率。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。三组比较,显微镜组手术时间最长、排气时间最短,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。而术中出血量和住院时间比较,三组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。显微镜组术后并发症发生率及复发率均明显低于腹腔镜组和传统组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。所有患者术后随访1年。术后1年三组患者精子密度、A+B级活动力精子、精子存活率均较术前明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),并且显微镜组上述指标及自然致孕率明显优于传统组和腹腔镜组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论显微镜辅助下经外环下精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张可有效改善精液质量,术后自然致孕率高,并发症少,复发率低,具备开展条件的医疗单位可优先选择此方法。     

改良外环下显微镜精索静脉结扎术的临床疗效观察

目的 探讨分析改良外环下显微镜精索静脉结扎术对精索静脉曲张的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析本院2012年8月至2014年6月收治的精索静脉曲张患者112例,按照不同的手术方式分成腹股沟结扎组28例,腹腔镜组28例,腹股沟外环下显微镜组28例,改良外环下显微镜组(外环口纵向切开约1 cm)28例.对比分析各组的手术效果及术后并发症.结果 四组手术均顺利完成.应用显微镜的两组间手术时间无统计学差异(P＞0.05),但比腹股沟结扎组、腹腔镜组手术时间长(P＜0.05).显微镜两组间住院时间无统计学差异(P＞0.05),比腹股沟结扎组、腹腔镜组住院时间明显缩短(P＜0.05).根据术后疼痛(VAS)评分,显微镜的两组术后疼痛较轻(P＜0.05),且这两组组间比较无统计学差异.腹股沟外环下显微镜组与改良外环下显微镜组保留精索动脉数比较统计学有显著差异(P =0.001),改良外环下显微镜组遇到的动脉数更少.四组间术后并发症,显微镜两组较低(P＜0.05),而这两组组间比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).四组的复发率分别为28.6％、10.7％、0％、0％(P＜0.05),显微镜的两组均无复发.术后四组的精液密度、精液活力都较术前得到改善,其中显微镜的两组改善更明显,这两组组间比较无统计学差异(P＞0.05).1年后自然怀孕率,四组间差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 显微镜治疗精索静脉曲张疗效好,并发症少,术后疼痛轻及住院时间短.同时改良外环下显微镜精索静脉结扎术更易于操作,是一种安全有效的手术方式.     

经皮小切口腹膜外超选择性精索静脉结扎和腹腔镜手术治疗精索静脉曲张的临床随机对照研究

目的：比较经皮小切口腹膜外超选择性精索静脉结扎和腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的效果。方法：将884例精索静脉曲张患者分成两组,A组为经皮小切口腹膜外超选择性精索静脉结扎组,810例;B组为腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎组,74例;比较两组的手术时间、术后住院天数、住院费用、症状缓解率、并发症发生率和精液质量改善率等。结果：两组平均手术时间、术后住院天数相似,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;A组住院费用比B组少,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;A组复发率及睾丸鞘膜积液、阴囊水肿和附睾肿痛等术后并发症发生率低于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;两组术后6个月精液质量改善率相似,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：经皮小切口腹膜外超选择性精索静脉结扎术属于微创手术,较腹腔镜下精索静脉高位结扎术具有复发率低、并发症少、住院费用低、疗效好和易推广等优点。     

腹腔镜和显微镜下精索静脉高位结扎术的疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜和显微镜下治疗精索静脉曲张的疗效。方法:将82例精索静脉曲张患者分成两组,44例行腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术(腹腔镜组),38例显微镜下行精索静脉高位结扎术(显微镜组)。对比两组患者术后间精液质量、并发症、手术所用时间、术后恢复时间及住院费用。结果:两组术后精液质量、促滤泡成熟激素(FSH)、睾酮及抑制素B比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后阴囊水肿、保留精索内动脉、手术平均时间、平均住院时间、平均住院费用比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:从安全性及经济性方面考虑,显微镜下行精索静脉高位结扎术明显优于腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术,值得临床推广。     

腹股沟下途径显微技术精索静脉结扎术与腹腔镜精索内静脉高位结扎术的疗效比较

目的 观察比较两种手术方式治疗精索静脉曲张(VC)的临床疗效.方法 将2010年1月至2011年6月就诊的60例VC患者随机均分为两组:A组予以腹股沟下途径显微技术精索静脉结扎术,B组予以腹腔镜单纯精索内静脉高位结扎术.分析两组术后近、远期并发症、复发率及术后精液改善情况等指标,比较两组临床疗效.结果 两种手术方式术后精液质量均较术前明显提高(P＜0.05),但组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);两组术后精索水肿、睾丸鞘膜积液等近期并发症差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);均未出现睾丸萎缩等远期并发症;但A组复发率低于B组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 两种手术方式治疗VC均有明显临床疗效,但腹股沟下途径显微技术精索静脉结扎术式因其术后复发率更少,且具有操作简便、治愈率高等优点,可作为手术治疗VC的首选.     

Retroperitoneal high ligation versus subinguinal varicocelectomy: Effectiveness of two different varicocelectomy techniques on the treatment of painful varicocele

In the present study, we compared the retroperitoneal high ligation with subinguinal varicocelectomy on the treatment of painful varicocele. A total of 90 patients who underwent retroperitoneal high ligation (n = 45) and subinguinal varicocelectomy (n = 45) for painful varicocele were included in this prospective study. Varicocele in all patients was diagnosed with by physical examination and coloured Doppler ultrasonography. All the patients underwent a conservative treatment for pain for 4 weeks. Patient ages, varicocele grades, preoperative pain scores, postoperative pain scores at 6 months, duration of surgeries, complications and recurrences were recorded. Complete success rate for chronic scrotal pain was found to be 80% in retroperitoneal varicocelectomy group and 71% in subinguinal varicocelectomy group. Partial success rate was 11% for retroperitoneal varicocelectomy group and 18% for subinguinal ligation group. There was no significant difference between two groups in terms of pain and complications. However, the operation time was significantly lower in the Palomo group. Although microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy is the current approach for the treatment of varicocele, retroperitoneal high ligation can achieve the same pain resolution with shorter operative duration compared to loupe‐assisted subinguinal varicocelectomy.     

Minimal invasiveness and effectivity of subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy: a comparative study with retroperitoneal high and laparoscopic approaches

AIM: The standard management of varicocele repair is the subject of ongoing controversy. We retrospectively evaluated three surgical methods of varicocele treatment to determine the minimally invasive and most effective procedure. METHODS: We performed 144 varicocelectomies on infertile patients with left clinical varicocele. Of the patients, 50 were treated with retroperitoneal high ligation under lumbar anesthesia, 33 with laparoscopic ligation under general anesthesia, and 61 with subinguinal microscopic ligation under local anesthesia. Operative time, hospital days, and clinical outcomes were compared between these techniques. RESULTS: The operating time and hospitalization period required for subinguinal microscopic ligation was signi fi cantly shorter compared to those for the other procedures. All patients treated with subinguinal microscopic ligation could achieve normal activity as soon as they returned to their rooms. Postoperative complications were observed in fi ve (10.0%) cases treated with high ligation and three (9.1%) laparoscopic cases, but were not observed after the subinguinal procedure. There were six cases (12.0%) of recurrence in the high ligation group and six (6.1%) in the laparoscopic group, but none in the subinguinal group. Sperm density was signi fi cantly improved in all procedures postoperatively, but sperm motility was not improved. The two-year pregnancy rate calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method was 35.8% for high ligation, 40.4% for laparoscopic ligation and 50.9% for subinguinal microscopic ligation, although there were no statistical differences between the three groups. CONCLUSION: We concluded that subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy could be a minimally invasive procedure compared to the other two techniques and a worthy method for treating male infertility due to clinical varicocele.     

腹腔镜治疗精索静脉曲张两种术式的疗效比较

目的：观察比较两种腹腔镜手术方式治疗精索静脉曲张的临床疗效.方法：将2006年7月～2009年3月就诊的116例精索静脉曲张患者随机均分为两组：A组予以腹腔镜精索血管高位集束结扎术（Palomo术式）,B组予以腹腔镜单纯精索内静脉高位结扎术（Ivanissevich术式）.分析两组之间术后近、远期并发症、复发率及术后精液改善情况等指标,比较其临床疗效.结果：两种手术方式术后精液质量均较术前明显提高（P〈 0.05）,但组间比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;两组术后精索水肿、睾丸鞘膜积液等近期并发症差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;均未出现睾丸萎缩等远期并发症;但A组复发率低于B组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论：两种手术方式治疗精索静脉曲张均有明显临床疗效,但Palomo术式因其术后复发率更少,且具有操作简便、治愈率高等优点,可作为手术治疗精索静脉曲张的首选.     

经腹股沟和经腹股沟下途径显微镜精索静脉结扎术的疗效对比

目的比较经腹股沟和经腹股沟下途径显微镜精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张的安全性和疗效。方法回顾性分析我院2016年1月至2019年6月显微镜精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张145例资料,经腹股沟途径53例,经腹股沟下途径92例。比较两组手术时间、结扎精索静脉数量、阴囊疼痛缓解率、精子质量改善情况及并发症(睾丸鞘膜积液、睾丸萎缩、复发)。结果经腹股沟途径手术比经腹股沟下途径手术时间短[(34.2±5.0)min vs(37.8±8.4)min,t=–3.245,P=0.001],且结扎精索内静脉数量少[(6.1±1.3)根vs(8.3±1.5)根,t=–9.171,P<0.001]。两组术后精子质量改善情况、阴囊疼痛缓解率及并发症发生率差异无统计学意义。结论显微镜下经腹股沟和经腹股沟下途径精索静脉结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张均疗效确切而且安全。经腹股沟途径需结扎的精索内静脉少,手术时间短。     

精索静脉曲张显微手术及腹腔镜手术疗效对比

目的对比评价显微技术精索静脉结扎术和腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术治疗精索静脉曲张引起不育症患者的临床疗效。方法分析65例应用显微技术精索静脉结扎术和64例应用腹腔镜精索静脉高位结扎术的不育症患者。结果两组患者手术均正常完成,未发生术后并发症。显微手术组双侧精索静脉曲张的手术时间长于腹腔镜手术时间,两者差别具有统计学意义(P0.05)。129例患者均得到术后3个月复诊:84例精子活力改善(提高20%以上),其中显微手术组45例(45/65),腹腔镜手术组39例(39/63)(P0.05)。107例患者术后6个月复诊结果:21例精子活力改善(与上次复查结果对比提高20%以上),其中显微手术组17例(17/52),腹腔镜手术组6例(6/55)(P0.05)。术后12个月与6月数据接近。结论显微技术精索静脉结扎术在术后疗效方面优于腹腔镜手术。     

微型血管多普勒在改良腹股沟下显微精索静脉结扎术中的应用：附视频

目的 探讨微型血管多普勒在改良腹股沟下显微精索静脉结扎术中的应用价值.方法 回顾分析2012年1月至2013年1月期间中山大学附属第一医院东院收治的89例精索静脉曲张患者的临床资料.患者均行改良的腹股沟下显微精索静脉结扎术,2012年9月之前术中未应用微型血管多普勒,2012年9月之后术中常规应用微型血管多普勒辨别动脉和静脉.比较两组患者的临床资料.结果 89例患者共138次手术均获成功,术后随访3～6个月,未见睾丸萎缩和鞘膜积液发生.非多普勒组术中有1例精索内动脉被误扎,2例术中精索动静脉辨认不清,术后1例复发;多普勒组术中辨别动脉和静脉准确,无动脉损伤和误扎情况发生,术后无复发.结论 在微型血管多普勒辅助下行显微精索静脉结扎术更安全有效.     

3种精索静脉曲张手术方式的疗效分析(附88例报告)

目的:探讨不同精索静脉曲张手术方式的疗效。方法:收集我院(东部)自2006年1月至2008年1月接受曲张精索静脉结扎术的患者资料共计88例,根据不同的手术方式分为腹膜后高位结扎组(44例)、腹腔镜组(12例)、和显微手术组(32例),对其手术前后精液分析报告、术后复发情况、术后早期并发症、住院天数、医疗费用等方面的数据进行回顾性分析。结果:患者平均年龄30.84岁(15～75岁);其中因不育就诊62例、症状性疼痛就诊26例;术前精液分析报告显示异常者(少、弱、畸形精子症等)65例,其中术后3个月有1项指标改善者35例(失访13例),改善率在高位结扎组、腹腔镜组和显微手术组分别为56.52%(13/23)、66.67%(4/6)和78.26%(18/23,P<0.05);术前诊断依据为体格检查和B超,术后3个月B超提示复发者在3组分别为25%(8/32)、22.22%(2/9)和7.41%(2/27,P<0.05);术后早期各组均未出现明显的阴囊水肿和睾丸鞘膜积液;住院天数3组分别为(1.5±0.5)、(3.5±0.5)和(1.0±0)d(P<0.05);医疗费用3组分别为(1 984±126)、(8 576±547)和(2 159±298)元(P<0.05)。结论:显微手术在对精液分析参数的改善、术后复发等方面明显优于高位结扎术和腹腔镜手术;显微手术创伤小、术后恢复快,易于被患者接受;腹腔镜手术医疗费用较贵。     

Managing varicoceles in children: results with microsurgical varicocelectomy

Authors from New York present their experience of elective varicocelectomy, using microsurgical techniques, in a large series of children. They found the procedure to be safe and effective, and gave a much lower complication rate than the published rate in open varicocelectomy. The results of urethroplasty in post-traumatic paediatric urethral strictures are presented by authors from Mansoura. They found the overall success of one-stage perineal anastomotic repair of such strictures to be excellent, with very little morbidity. OBJECTIVE: To report our experience of microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy in boys aged < or = 18 years. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Boys aged < or = 18 years treated with microsurgical varicocelectomy between 1996 and 2000 at one institution were retrospectively reviewed. Indications for surgery included ipsilateral testicular atrophy, large varicocele or pain. Microsurgery was assisted by an operating microscope (x10-25) allowing preservation of the lymphatics, and the testicular and cremasteric arteries. Patient age, varicocele grade, complications and follow-up interval were recorded. RESULTS: In all there were 97 microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomies (23 bilateral) in 74 boys (mean age 14.7 years). Left-sided varicoceles were significantly larger (mean grade 2.9) than right-sided (mean grade 1.4) varicoceles. The mean follow-up was 9.6 months. There were four complications: two hydroceles, of which one resolved spontaneously after 4 months; one patient had persistent orchialgia that resolved after 8 months; and one developed hypertrophic scarring at the inguinal incision site. There were no infections, haematomas or intraoperative injuries to the vas deferens or testicular arteries. All boys were discharged home on the day of surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy in boys is a safe, minimally invasive and effective means of treating varicoceles. Compared with published results of the retroperitoneal mass ligation technique, which has a 15% overall complication rate and a 7-9% hydrocele occurrence rate, the microsurgical subinguinal approach appears to offer less morbidity, with a 1% hydrocele rate. We consider that microsurgical subinguinal varicocelectomy offers the best results with lower morbidity than other techniques.