多巴酚丁胺负荷核素心室显像对急性心肌梗死再灌流后左室舒张功能的评价

目的：应用门电路核素心室显像及小剂量多巴酚丁胺（ＤＯＢ）负荷试验,对急性心肌梗死（ＡＭＩ）早期再灌注后左室舒张功能进行评价。方法;指标脂用高峰我盈率（ＰＦＲ）、平均充盈率（ＭＦＲ）、１／３充盈率（１／３ＦＲ）,１／３充盈分数（１／３ＦＦ）。结果：ＤＯＢ负荷前后,ＡＭＩ组ＰＦＲ、ＭＦＲ、１／３ＦＲ均显著低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１及Ｐ〈０．０５）。ＡＭＩ组ＤＯＢ负荷后上述指标均有一定程度的改善（Ｐ〈０．     

声学定量技术对正常儿童心功能测定的结果分析

目的 用声学定量技术（ＡＱ）对正常儿童的左、右室收缩、舒张功能进行研究。方法 用ＡＱ测定８６名健康儿童左、右室心功能参数：舒张末期容积（ＥＤＶ）、收缩末期容积（ＥＳＶ）、射血分数（ＥＦ）、峰值充盈率（ＰＦＲ）、峰值射血率（ＰＥＲ）和峰值充盈时间（ＴＰＦＲ）。结果 ①左、右的ＥＤＶ和ＥＳＶ的正常值范围为一变量、随年龄增长而增长;②不同年龄对左、右室收缩功能指标（ＥＦ、ＰＥＲ）无影响（Ｐ〉０．０５）,     

单光子发射计算机断层扫描评价阿霉素对非霍奇金淋巴瘤患者的心肌毒性

目的：探讨ＳＰＥＣＴ心功能测定评价非霍奇金淋巴瘤（ＮＨＬ）化疗后阿霉素（ＡＤＭ）心肌毒性的可行性，方法：选择无心脏病基础的４４例ＮＨＬ患者作研究对象，采用常规ＣＨＯＰ方案进行治疗，定期用ＳＰＥＣＴ检测患者的心功能。结果：化疗前后射血分数（ＥＦ），高峰射血率（ＰＥＲ）和高峰充盈率（ＰＥＲ）值比较，差别有显著性（Ｐ〈０．０５）；体内ＡＤＭ累积量愈大，ＥＦ，ＰＥＲ和ＰＥＲ值下降愈大，并以ＰＦＲ变化最敏感     

核素时相分析对预激综合征患者射频消蚀术前后的心室功能观察

目的：为了评价射频消蚀（ＲＦＣＡ）对心室功能的影响。方法：应用核素时相分析（ＲＰＡ）测定了１７种预激综合征（Ｗ－Ｐ－Ｗ）患者ＲＦＣＡ前后以及１５例正常对照者的心室功能,半自动计算左心室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）、１／３ＬＶＥＦ、１／３左心室充盈率（ＦＦ）。结果：对照组与患者组ＲＦＣＡ前、后心功能无显著性差异。结论：ＲＦＣＡ不影响心室功能。证实ＲＰＡ评价快速心率失常患者ＲＦＣＡ术前、术后心室功能是一种无创     

用超声心动图房室平面位移法评估冠心病左室功能

目的： 探讨超声心动图房室平面位移法 （Ａｔｒｉｏｖｅｎｔｒｉｃｕｌａｒ ｐｌａｎｅ ｄｉｓｐｌａｃｅｍ ｅｎｔ ＡＶＰＤ） 评估冠心病患者左室收缩舒张功能的可行性。方法： 分别记录４６ 名冠心病患者 ＡＶＰＤ 值及其房室瓣环运动速率 （ＡＶＰＤＶ） 值,ＡＶＰＤ 值与门控扫描所测整体射血分数 （ＥＦ） 及各侧壁射血分数 （ＲＥＦ） 相对照, 房室平均运动速率比值 （ｋ２／ｋ１）与脉冲多普勒所测二尖瓣瓣下血流频谱Ａ／Ｅ 比值相对比。结果：ＣＡＤ 患者ＡＶ－ｍ ｅａｎ 与门控所测ＥＦ 及各位点ＡＶＰＤ值与其门控所测ＲＥＦ 均呈高度正相关。相关公式为ＬＶＥＦ＝ １７．７５＋ ３．２７×ＡＶＰＤ－ｍ ｅａｎ; 房室平面速率 （ｋ２／ｋ１） 值与脉冲多普勒二尖瓣瓣下血流频谱Ａ／Ｅ 相对照, 二者呈高度正相关 （ｒ＝ ０．９５, ｐ＜ ０．００１）。结论： ＡＶＰＤ 法可以在非依赖内膜显示和多普勒技术的情况下无创评估冠心病患者的左心收缩和舒张功能, 尤其适用于基层检查。     

声学定量评价二尖瓣替换术保留瓣下结构对左心功能的影响

目的 采用声学定量技术对慢性二尖瓣反流患者进行检测旨在评价二尖瓣替换术（ＭＶＲ）保留瓣下结构对左心舒缩功能的影响。方法 根据ＭＶＲ的不同方式,将３０例慢性二尖瓣反流患者分为３组：Ａ组为传统的ＭＶＲ即完全切除瓣叶及其健索患者１２例,Ｂ组为完全切除前叶及其腱索仅保留后叶及其腱索的ＭＶＲ患者１０例,Ｃ组为切除部分前叶但保留前叶腱索和后叶及其腱索的ＭＶＴ患者８例。应用ＨＰ Ｓｏｎｏｓ２５００声学定量技术在术前和术后３个月分别测量左室的舒张末容积指数（ＥＤＶＩ）、收缩末溶积指数（ＥＳＶＩ）、射血分数（ＥＦ）、峰值射血率（ＰＥＲ）、峰值充盈率（ＰＦＲ０和峰值充盈率时间（ＴＰＦＲ）。结果 ①术前和术后３个月,三组间的心率、血压差异无显著性意义（Ｐ〉０．０５）。②术后３个月,Ａ组ＥＤＶＩ高于术前,Ｂ组、Ｃ组ＥＦ、ＰＥＲ、ＰＦＲ     

闭塞性肺动脉高压的左心功能及吸入一氧化氮的影响

１５例闭塞性肺动脉高压（ＯＰＨ）的临床研究资料表明，ＯＰＨ的左心改变特点是在左室舒张期末内径（ＬＶＤＤ）变小，右、左心室内径比值（ＲＶＤ／ＬＶＤＤ）增大，左室舒张斯末容积（ＬＶＥＤＶ）减小，心排血量（ＣＯ）降低，而左室射血分数（ＬＶＥＦ）、左室内径缩短率（ＦＳ）正常或偏高，提示左室舒张功能不全，收缩功能正常。     

高血压左室肥厚患者心室舒张功能的核素造影检测

【目的】比较高血压病有无左室肥厚患者核素心室造影左室功能的特点。【方法】对经超声心动图确诊的２４例高血压病伴左室肥厚（ＬＶＨ）患者及２０例无左室肥厚患者进行放射性核素心室造影检测,并与正常人对照。【结果】无左室肥厚患者左室舒张功能只有轻度减退,仅表现为１／３充盈分数（１／３ＦＦ）减低,而左室肥厚患者左室舒张功能明显减退,表现为高峰充盈率（ＰＦＲ）与１／３ＦＦ减低。高峰充盈时间（ＴＰＦ）延长;且随着左室肥厚的加重,舒张功能进一步减退。【结论】左室重量指数与ＰＦＲ,１／３ＦＦ呈负相关,而与ＴＰＦ呈正相关。     

闭塞性肺动脉高压的左心功能及吸入一氧化氮的影响

１５例闭塞性肺动脉高压（ＯＰＨ）的临床研究资料表明，ＯＰＨ的左心改变特点是左室舒张期末内径（ＬＶＤＤ）变小，右、左心室内径比值（ＲＶＤ／ＬＶＤＤ）增大，左室舒张期末容积（ＬＶＥＤＶ）减小，心排血量（ＣＯ）降低，而左室射血分烽（ＬＶＥＦ），左室内径缩短率（ＦＳ）正常或偏高，提示左室舒张功能不全，收缩功能正常。吸入低浓度（８０ｐｐｍ）一氧化氮（ＮＯ）后，三尖瓣返流压差平均下降２５％，ＲＶＤ／ＬＶＤＤ下     

缺血性心肌病左室重构变化的超声研究

目的 应用二维多普勒超声心动图（２ＤＤＥ）评价缺血性心肌病（ＩＣＭ）患者左室重构（ＬＶＲ）的病理生理改变。方法 用２ＤＤＥ对５６例ＩＣＭ患者ＬＶＲ的病理生理改变引进了研究,另有５０例正常对照者。指标包括左室舒张末期直径（ＬＶＤＤ）、左室舒张末期容积（ＬＶＥＤＶ）、左室收缩末期容积（ＬＶＥＳＶ）、左室收缩末期室壁应力（ＥＳＳ）、左室射血分数（ＥＦ）、左室峰值充盈率（ＰＦＲ）、峰值流速Ａ（ＰＶＡ）、峰     

Gamma-scintigraphy in assessment cardioresynchronizing therapy at chronic heart failure

The purpose of the work was to study influence of cardioresynchronizing therapy (CRT) on systolic and diastolic myocardial function with the aid of radionuclide methods. 19 patients (9 women) at the age from 21 to 72 years (average age 55.4 +/- 8.3 years) with NYHA class III - IV cardiac insufficiency, dilated cardiomyopathy (n = 14) and ischemic cardiomyopathy (n = 5) were included in the study. Radionuclide angiopulmonography and balanced radionuclide ventriculography were performed by standard method before CRT, in 20 - 30 days and in 12 - 18 months. In 20 - 30 days after CRT significant increase in stroke volume and stroke index, ejection fraction and part of circular fibers contraction was detected, which confirmed improve in systolic heart function. In 12 - 18 months significant increase in maximal filling rate index, filling fraction of 1/3 and 2/3 of diastole was noted, which reflected improve of left ventricle diastolic function. Recovery of myocardial contraction synchronism leaded to rehabilitation of normal pulmonary microcirculation. Radionuclide examination methods as high-informative modes of combine assessment of heart contractile function and pulmonary circulation in CRT dynamics are described. CRT, improving systolic and diastolic myocardial functions, has positive influence on pulmonary hemodynamics in patients with chronic heart failure.     

Echocardiographic evaluation of left and right ventricular diastolic function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on left ventricular and right ventricular diastolic and systolic functions. Forty-eight patients with severe COPD were studied. Patients were divided into 2 subgroups according to pulmonary artery pressures: 25 patients with pulmonary hypertension (group 1) and 23 patients with normal pulmonary artery pressure (group 2). As a control group, 59 normal subjects were studied (group 3). Patients in group 1 had higher tricuspid peak A velocity, lower tricuspid E velocity, longer isovolumetric relaxation time, higher mitral A wave, lower mitral E wave, and slower color propagation velocity than groups 2 and 3. There was no significant difference between left ventricular diastolic filling parameters between groups 2 and 3. Patients with COPD and pulmonary hypertension have left and right ventricular diastolic dysfunction. However, patients with COPD and normal pulmonary artery pressure have normal left and right ventricular diastolic function.     

N-端脑钠肽前体在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的变化及意义

目的探讨N_端脑钠肽前体（NT—Pr0BNP）在慢性阻塞}生肺疾病（CDPD）中的变化及意义。方法选择本院收治的68例COPD患者,根据合并肺心病情况,将其分为COPD组与COPD合并肺心病组。COPD合并肺心病组再根据平均肺动脉收缩压（sPAP）分为轻、中、重度肺动脉高压3组。采用全自动免疫荧光分析仪测定患者血浆NT—ProBNP水平,彩色多普勒超声诊断仪进行胸部超声检查,三尖瓣反流法测定肺动脉压。结果COPD合并肺心病组患者血浆NT—ProBNP水平明显高于COPD组,差异有统计学意义,而2组左心室射血分数（LVEF）比较,差异无统计学意义;COPD合并肺心病组患者右心室前壁厚度、右心室舒张末期内径及主肺动脉宽度明显大于COPD组,且肺动脉收缩压显著高于COPD组;NT—ProBNP水平与右心室前壁厚度、右心室舒张末期内径、主肺动脉宽度及肺动脉收缩压呈显著正相关;在轻、中、重度肺动脉高压组患者中NT—ProB—NP水平依次显著升高,组问比较,差异均有统计学意义。结论检测NT—ProBNP水平能较好判断COPD患者右心室功能及肺动脉高压情况,是判断右心室功能损伤严重程度及患者预后较为理想的指标。     

慢性阻塞性肺病患者右心室功能的应变率评价

目的 应用应变率成像技术检测慢性阻塞性肺病(COPD)患者右心室功能,探讨该技术评价COPD患者右心室功能的可行性.方法 COPD患者41例,对照组20例,心尖四腔观测量右室前壁舒张末期厚度(RVFT)、右房舒张末期内径(RAEDd)、右室舒张末期内径(RVEDd)、右室舒张末期面积(RVEDa)、右室收缩末期面积(RVESa),计算右室收缩面积变化(RVFA),测量三尖辦13舒张期血流E、A,并计算E/A;获取心尖四腔组织速度成像(TVI)图像,测量收缩期峰值应变率(SRs)、舒张早期峰值应变率(SRe)、舒张晚期峰值应变率(SRa),计算SRe/SRa.结果 根据肺动脉压将COPD患者分为无肺动脉高压组(NPAH)和肺动脉高压组(PAH);与对照组比较,PAH组RVFT显著增厚,RAEDd、RVEDd显著增大,RVFA及三尖辦13 E/A显著减小,与对照组比较,NPAH组上述指标差异无统计学意义;与对照组比较,PAH组和NPAH组右室游离壁和室间隔SRs、SRe与SRe/SRa均显著降低,SRa无显著变化;与NPAH组比较,PAH组右室游离壁和室间隔SRs,SRe与SRe/SRa均显著降低,SRa无显著变化.COPD患者右室游离壁SRs与FEV1/FVC、DLco/VA呈显著正相关;而右室游离壁SRe、RVFA、三尖辦口E/A与FEV1/FVC、DLco/VA无显著相关性.结论 COPD患者无论有无肺动脉压增高,其右室功能已经受损;应变率成像技术可便捷、无创检测COPD患者右室功能.     

肺减容术后早期右心功能及肺功能的变化

目的探讨肺减容术后早期右心功能及肺功能的变化。方法对26例接受肺减容术患者应用彩色多普勒超声技术,于术前、术后5~7d、12~14d、术后1个月、术后3个月测定右心功能多项指标,并于术前、术后分次测定肺功能指标。结果①右心功能:术后5~7d右心每搏输出量(RVSV)、右心射血分数(RVEF)、右室面积变化指数(FAC)、舒张早期快速充盈峰值流速(E)、E峰流速积分(ETVI)、E/A降低;舒张晚期快速充盈流速(A)、A峰流速积分(ATVI)增加,与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。术后12~14d,RVSV、FAC与术前比较差异无统计学意义;术后3个月RVEF、E、ETVI、A、ATVI与术前比较差异无统计学意义。②肺功能:与术前比较,术后14d最大通气量(MVV)下降(P<0.01),残气量增加(P<0.05),术后1个月基本恢复至术前水平(P>0.05)。术后3个月MVV较术前增加(P<0.01),残气量减少(P<0.05)。结论肺减容术后5~7d右心功能下降,收缩功能恢复较快,舒张功能恢复较慢。术后早期肺功能一过性下降,术后1个月恢复,术后3个月明显改善。     

Why there is a need to discuss pulmonary hypertension other than pulmonary arterial hypertension?

Pulmonary hypertension(PH) is a condition characterized by the elevation of the mean pulmonary artery pressure above 25 mm Hg and the pulmonary vascular resistance above 3 wood units. Pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH) is an uncommon conditionwith severe morbidity and mortality, needing early recognition and appropriate and specific treatment. PH is frequently associated with hypoxemia, mainly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and DPLD and/or left heart diseases(LHD), mainly heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Although in the majority of patients with PH the cause is not PAH, a significant number of published studies are still in regard to group Ⅰ PH, leading to a logical assumption that PH due to other causes is not such an important issue. So, is there a reason to discuss PH other than PAH? Chronic lung diseases, mainly chronic obstructive lung disease and DPLD, are associated with a high incidence of PH which is linked to exercise limitations and a worse prognosis. Although pathophysiological studies suggest that specific PAH therapy may benefit such patients, the results presented from small studies in regard to the safety and effectiveness of the specific PAH therapy are discouraging. PH is a common complication of left heart disease and is related to disease severity, especially in patients with reduced ejection fraction. There are two types of PH related to LHD based on diastolic pressure difference(DPD, defined as diastolic pulmonary artery pressure- mean PAWP): Isolated post-capillary PH, defined as PAWP 15 mm Hg and DPD 7 mm Hg, and combined post-capillary PH and pre-capillary PH, defined as PAWP 15 mm Hg and DPD ≥ 7 mm Hg. The potential use of PAH therapies in patients with PH related to left heart disease is based on a logical pathobiological rationale. In patients with heart failure, endothelial dysfunction has been proposed as a cause of PH and hence as a target for treatment, supported by the presence of increased endothelin-1 activity and impaired nitric oxide-dependent vasodilation. Unfortunately, so far, there is no evidence supporting the use of specific PAH therapies in patients with PH related to left heart disease. In conclusion, the presence of PH in patients with conditions other than PAH contributes to the severity of the disease, affecting the outcome and quality of life. The disappointing results regarding the effectiveness of specific PAH therapies in patients withchronic lung diseases and LHD underline the need for seeking new underlying mechanisms and thus novel therapies targeting PH due to left heart disease and/or lung diseases.     

Determination of right ventricular ejection fraction by two-dimensional echocardiographic single plane subtraction method

Right ventricular ejection fraction is a useful measurement for evaluating right ventricular function in various states, including coronary artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and both congenital and valvular heart diseases. The right ventricular geometry has made it difficult to evaluate right ventricular ejection fraction by simple echocardiographic methods. In this study 36 consecutive patients were examined by two-dimensional echocardiography within 4 hours of radionuclide-determined right ventricular ejection fraction to test a simplified method for calculating right ventricular ejection fraction by two-dimensional echocardiography. Echocardiographic measurements were independently determined in the subcostal and apical four-chamber views. Correlation with first pass radionuclide right ventricular ejection fraction was r = 0.89 and 0.84. Right ventricular ejection fraction could be calculated from one of two views in 92% of patients studied. This technique for determination of right ventricular ejection fraction offers a simple noninvasive method of evaluating right ventricular function.     

高原心脏病患者超声心动图分析

目的总结高原心脏病患者超声心动图特点。方法回顾分析高原心脏病患者及正常对照组超声心动图参数的差异。结果高原心脏病患者88例,正常对照组30例,超声心动图指标包括左房内径,左室舒张末内径、左室射血分数、右房上下径、右房横径、右室舒张末内径、右室壁厚度、主肺动脉内径、右房压、肺动脉压,除左室射血分数两组无差异外,高原心脏病组左房内径,左室舒张末内径明显小于正常对照组,右房上下径、右房横径、右室舒张末内径、右室壁厚度、主肺动脉内径、右房压、肺动脉压等指标均大于对照组。两组均有明显差异。结论高原心脏病患者超声心动图主要表现为右心增大及肺动脉高压。     

Elongation as a new shape index for the left ventricle

Objectives: This study was done to quantify the shape of the left ventricle (LV). It was proposed that the shape of the LV is intimately related to its performance and that its elongation (ELO) is a sensitive measure of this performance. The performance was tested against classical cardiovascular parameters. Methods: Using echocardiography and Simpson's rule, the endocardial surface area of the LV was calculated noninvasively with a simple experimental–mathematical model at enddiastole and endsystole. ELO as shape index was derived from the endocardial surface area of the LV with a simple formula. The endocardial surface area of the LV and ELO were determined in volunteers, in patients with mild heart failure and in patients with severe heart failure. Results: The normal value of endocardial surface area of LV at enddiastole is 138.3 cm² while the normal value at endsystole is 99 cm². The endocardial surface area of the LV is significantly bigger in patients with mild heart failure than in volunteers (p < 0.01) while the parameters ELO, ejection fraction and Doppler measurements are similar. The normal values of ELO at diastole and systole are 12 and 25 respectively. The value of ELO at endsystole is lower only in patients with severe heart failure. This means a more spherical shape and poor systolic function of the LV. Conclusion: ELO is usefull as quantitative and qualitative index of left ventricular shape. ELO could be integrated and applied with new diagnostic tools such three-dimensional and contrast echocardiography.     

The spectrum of left ventricular filling in severe aortic stenosis

To assess left ventricular diastolic filling in valvular aortic stenosis, pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used prospectively in 35 patients with severe aortic stenosis (valve area < 1 cm²) and in 38 age-matched normal subjects. Twenty-seven patients had a normal left ventricular systolic function at rest (ejection fraction > 0.50) and a normal or only slightly increased mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mean 11±4 mm Hg). Eight patients had a poor left ventricular systolic function (ejection fraction: 0.28±0.10) and an elevated mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (mean: 36±9 mm Hg). The Doppler derived filling parameters were correlated with hemodynamic data, left ventricular wall thickness derived from M-mode echocardiograms, heart rate and atrio-ventricular (A-V) conduction delay using stepwise multiple correlation. The data of this study suggest that left ventricular filling is significantly impaired in patients with severe aortic stenosis and left ventricular hypertrophy with an increase in late diastolic (A-wave) velocity, an increase in the A/E ratio, a decrease in the first one-half filling fraction and a prolongation of early diastolic deceleration time. These changes in filling hemodynamics are associated with alterations in mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, left ventricular wall thickness, heart rate and A-V conduction delay. When heart failure develops as a result of impaired left ventricular systolic function, an increase in left atrial filling pressure is associated with a shift of left ventricular filling towards early diastole with a ‘normalisation’ of the transmitral flow velocity curve. In extreme cases, a progression towards a ‘restrictive’ filling pattern is found with a marked shortening of the left ventricular early diastolic deceleration time. In the presence of high filling pressures, increased left atrial driving pressure (derived from the mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure) is associated with changes in the left ventricular filling pattern irrespective of the presence and the degree of myocardial hypertrophy.