fPSA/tPSA预测前列腺癌术后Gleason评分升高的临床价值

目的分析前列腺癌患者术前血清游离前列腺特异性抗原(fPSA)与血清总前列腺特异性抗原(tPSA)的比值(fPSA/tPSA)预测根治术后Gleason评分(GS)升高的临床价值。方法对180例前列腺癌根治术后的患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,将根治术前后GS变化与患者年龄、术前GS、术前tPSA、术前fPSA、术前fPSA/tPSA、穿刺与根治术的间隔时间的相关性进行分析,并进一步分析术前GS=6分及GS≥7分的患者中评分升高与上述因素的关系。结果 180例患者经直肠超声(TURS)引导下经会阴穿刺活检GS与前列腺癌根治术后GS保持一致的104例(58.0%),GS下降的18例(10%),GS升高的58例(32%)。术前fPSA/tPSA与术后GS升高明显负相关(P=0.00);发现术后GS下降与年龄、术前tPSA、术前fPSA、术前fPSA/tPSA、穿刺与根治术的间隔时间无相关性。进一步应用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线分析得出:经直肠超声引导下经会阴穿刺活检GS=6分的患者,当术前fPSA/tPSA0.091 3提示根治术后GS升高可能性较大;穿刺活检GS≥7分的患者,当术前fPSA/tPSA0.071 4提示根治术后GS升高可能性较大。结论术前fPSA/tPSA可作为预测前列腺癌术后GS升高的临床指标:术前fPSA/tPSA越低,提示术后GS升高的可能性越大。     

f/tPSA比值对tPSA值为2.6～4.0ng/ml前列腺癌的诊断意义

目的探讨利用血清游离前列腺特异性抗原(fPSA)和总前列腺特异性抗原(tPSA)的比值(f/tPSA),提高tPSA2.6～4.0ng/ml前列腺癌的诊断率的价值。方法对117例tPSA在2.6～4ng/ml可疑前列腺癌患者行直肠B超引导下前列腺穿刺活检,对患者血清tPSA,fPSA及f/t PSA值及其他临床病理资料进行统计学分析。结果经病理诊断良性前列腺增生(BPH)82例和前列腺癌35例,35例癌中Gleason score≤4分共6例(17%),Gleason score5-7分和8-10分别为22例(63%)和7例(20%)。前列腺癌的f/tPSA明显高于BPH(P＜0.01),以f/tPSA0.22为界值,诊断癌的特异性为83%,敏感性为71%,阳性预测值为68%。结论f/t PSA作为一项辅助检查可提高tPSA 2.6～4.0ng/ml前列腺癌的诊断率。     

徒手TRUS引导下经会阴前列腺活检的临床应用探讨

目的:探讨徒手"12+X"法TRUS引导下经会阴前列腺活检术诊断前列腺癌的临床应用价值。方法:2014年12月~2015年12月,对74例可疑前列腺癌患者行经直肠B超引导下18G自动穿刺活检针行双侧外周带12点法系统穿刺,其中直肠指诊(DRE)触及结节24例,超声提示异常回声14例,前列腺核磁提示异常信号30例;前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)<4ng/ml者14例,PSA 4~10ng/ml 25例,PSA>10ng/ml者35例。同时对每个可疑病灶进行1~2针靶向穿刺。回顾性分析穿刺的阳性率和并发症。结果:成功对74例患者进行徒手"12+X"法TRUS引导下经会阴前列腺活检术。年龄43~81岁,中位年龄72岁;PSA 1.9~500ng/ml,中位PSA17.8ng/ml。经病理诊断,前列腺癌23例,阳性率31.1%,穿刺阴性病例中3例TURP术后病理诊断结果为前列腺癌;2例首次穿刺阴性,6个月后重复穿刺时发现前列腺癌。低危前列腺癌(Gleason≤6分)、中危前列腺癌(Gleason=7分)和高危前列腺癌(Gleason≥8分)分别为13.1%、30.4%和56.5%。其余51例为良性前列腺增生或合并前列腺炎症。术后短暂和轻度的肉眼血尿6例(8.1%),均在1~3d后缓解,5例(6.8%)轻度发热,2例(2.7%)会阴部轻度不适。无脓毒症、急性尿潴留等严重并发症的发生。结论:徒手"12+X"法TRUS引导下经会阴前列腺活检安全可行,阳性率稳定,值得在临床上进一步推广。     

单中心前列腺穿刺活检结果查询表的建立

目的：综合利用PSA及其相关参数建立能够简便查询的前列腺穿刺阳性率查询表.方法纳入2009年7月至2015年3月在解放军总医院行前列腺穿刺活检的患者,收集前列腺体积、游离PSA(free PSA,fPSA)和总PSA(total PSA,tPSA)等临床资料.多因素Logistic回归分析预测前列腺癌的独立性影响因素,并利用相关因素建立前列腺穿刺阳性结果查询表.结果资料完整且病理结果为前列腺癌和前列腺增生的患者纳入研究,共1077例.根据PSA水平分为0~2.5、2.6~4.0、4.1~10.0、10.1~20.0和＞20.0 ng/ml 5组,前列腺癌检出率分别为20.9％、20.0％、37.3％、48.1％和80.2％,随着PSA水平的升高,前列腺癌检出率也明显升高.多因素Logistic回归分析发现tPSA、fPSA和前列腺体积均为前列腺癌的独立性预测因素,tPSA、fPSA百分比(free to total PSA,f/tPSA)和PSA密度(PSA density,PSAD)在前列腺癌和前列腺增生两组间存在显著差异(P＜0.05),综合利用上述3个指标建立前列腺阳性穿刺查询表.结论本研究根据 tPSA、f/tPSA和PSAD建立的查询表为临床前列腺穿刺活检提供了一个简便实用的阳性率查询工具.     

经会阴前列腺24针饱和穿刺活检与14针活检在PSA＜20μg/L患者中筛检前列腺癌的对比性研究

目的:探讨超声引导下经会阴前列腺24针饱和穿刺活检与14针穿刺活检方案对PSA<20μg/L可疑前列腺癌患者的筛检阳性率及其相关并发症。方法:选取116例可疑前列腺癌患者行经会阴超声引导下14针穿刺活检(14针组),另136例患者,行经会阴24针饱和前列腺穿刺活检(24针饱和组),比较两组前列腺癌筛检阳性率、标本阳性率及穿刺后肉眼血尿、泌尿系感染、尿潴留等并发症的发生率。结果:两组患者平均年龄、穿刺前PSA水平、平均前列腺体积等指标均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。24针饱和组及14针组前列腺癌筛检总体阳性率分别为48.53%和17.24%,存在显著性差异(P<0.001),标本阳性率分别为8.09%和2.83%(P=0.012);其中24针饱和组前列腺尖部肿瘤的检出率(11.76%)显著高于14针组(1.72%,P<0.05)。两组穿刺后尿潴留、泌尿系感染和肉眼血尿等发生率均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:24针经会阴前列腺饱和穿刺活检方法显著提高PSA<20μg/L患者中前列腺癌的筛检阳性率,尤其是增加了前列腺尖部区域的肿瘤筛检阳性率,而并未增加相关并发症。     

上海闵行区PSA异常的老年男性前列腺疾病跟踪调查与分析

目的 :了解老年男性前列腺疾病的发病情况及前列腺特异抗原 (PSA)、游离PSA(fPSA)、fPSA与血清总PSA(tPSA)的比值 (f/t)跟年龄、前列腺体积 (PV)之间的关系。方法 :对 142 5名老年男性进行前列腺指检 (DRE)和PSA测定 ,然后对其中tPSA >4μg/L者进行了随访复查 ,检查项目包括DRE、tPSA、fPSA和经直肠前列腺B超 ,并建议行前列腺穿刺活检。结果 :142 5例调查者中 ,tPSA >4μg/L者 16 9例 (11.9%) ,其中 84例得到随访 ,发现tPSA、f/t与年龄无相关性 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,而PV与年龄呈正相关 (P <0 .0 5 )。 17例接受了前列腺穿刺活检 ,1例接受手术治疗 ,其中 9例被病理检查证实为前列腺增生 (BPH) ,9例被证实为前列腺癌 (PCa)。BPH组与PCa组tPSA差异有显著性意义 ,而两组PV差异无显著性意义。结论 :PSA是诊断前列腺癌的重要瘤标 ,前列腺“6点法”穿刺活检是诊断前列腺癌有效而必要的方法。     

直肠超声引导经会阴模版12+X针前列腺穿刺活检术临床研究

目的:评价直肠超声引导下经会阴模版12+X针前列腺穿刺活检术的临床价值和安全性。方法:2009年9月~2014年5月,对临床怀疑为前列腺癌的1 300例患者行直肠超声引导下经会阴模板前列腺穿刺活检术。1 300例患者平均年龄70.5岁,穿刺前均行血清PSA监测(不少于2次)、前列腺直肠指诊、经直肠前列腺超声及前列腺磁共振平扫加动态增强。所有患者取截石位,1%利多卡因注射液10~20ml会阴皮下及前列腺尖部局部浸润麻醉973例,骶管阻滞麻醉75例,硬膜外麻醉252例。共937例采用12+X针穿刺,363例采用常规12针穿刺。结果:所有患者均顺利完成操作,活检针数12~24针,平均14.5针;活检时间15~30 min,平均20.4min。术后发生一过性血尿201例,会阴部血肿14例,尿潴留21例,发热5例。穿刺病理结果:前列腺癌540例(41.5%),其中腺癌527例,其他类型肿瘤13例;前列腺上皮内瘤(PIN)57例(4.4%);前列腺增生及各类前列腺炎703例(54.1%)。T-PSA4μg/L、4~10μg/L、10~20μg/L及20μg/L组的穿刺阳性率分别为:13.1%、17.1%、31.9%、73.8%。TPSA 4~10μg/L组(灰区)293例患者分别以F/T PSA和PSAD分组,F/T≥0.16和0.16组的穿刺阳性率分别为12.0%、18.8%,PSAD≥0.15和0.15组的穿刺阳性率分别为9.8%、21.5%。直肠指诊异常、经直肠超声异常及前列腺MRI异常患者的穿刺阳性率分别为:24.0%、30.1%、59.2%。12+X针组穿刺阳性率为47.2%,12针组为34.5%。结论:直肠超声引导下经会阴12+X针前列腺穿刺活检术阳性率高,并发症少,是诊断前列腺癌的理想方法。     

经会阴前列腺24针饱和穿刺活检与14针活检在PSA＜20μg/L患者中筛检前列腺癌的对比性研究

目的:探讨超声引导下经会阴前列腺24针饱和穿刺活检与14针穿刺活检方案对PSA＜20 μg/L可疑前列腺癌患者的筛检阳性率及其相关并发症.方法:选取116例可疑前列腺癌患者行经会阴超声引导下14针穿刺活检(14针组),另136例患者,行经会阴24针饱和前列腺穿刺活检(24针饱和组),比较两组前列腺癌筛检阳性率、标本阳性率及穿刺后肉眼血尿、泌尿系感染、尿潴留等并发症的发生率.结果:两组患者平均年龄、穿刺前PSA水平、平均前列腺体积等指标均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).24针饱和组及14针组前列腺癌筛检总体阳性率分别为48.53％和17.24％,存在显著性差异(P＜0.001),标本阳性率分别为8.09％和2.83％ (P =0.012);其中24针饱和组前列腺尖部肿瘤的检出率(11.76％)显著高于14针组(1.72％,P＜0.05).两组穿刺后尿潴留、泌尿系感染和肉眼血尿等发生率均无统计学差异(P＞0.05).结论:24针经会阴前列腺饱和穿刺活检方法显著提高PSA＜20 μg/L患者中前列腺癌的筛检阳性率,尤其是增加了前列腺尖部区域的肿瘤筛检阳性率,而并未增加相关并发症.     

经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术后短期行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的疗效与安全性

目的探讨经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术后行腹腔镜下前列腺癌根治术治疗前列腺癌患者的疗效与安全性。方法回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年12月采用经直肠前列腺穿刺术后行腹腔镜前列腺癌根治术的40例前列腺癌患者的临床资料。患者均采用超声引导下经直肠前列腺穿刺活检术, 术后2～4周采用四孔六步法腹膜外前列腺癌根治术治疗。收集患者的年龄、前列腺体积、血清总前列腺特异性抗原(tPSA)水平、穿刺术后病理Gleason评分、穿刺阳性针数、术中手术时间、术中出血量、切缘阳性率、住院时间、术后3个月尿控率等指标。结果患者年龄(68.2±16.4)岁, 前列腺体积(57.3±19.5)mL, 血清tPSA(16.2±14.4)ng/mL, 穿刺术后病理Gleason评分(7.3±2.1)分, 穿刺阳性针数(11.2±1.1)针。40例患者均一期完成手术, 手术时间为(162.3±46.2)min, 术中出血量为(148.4±42.5)mL;切缘阳性9例, 切缘阳性率为22.5%;术后11例患者出现吻合口漏尿, 保持盆腔引流管引流通畅, 术后3～4周停止漏尿, 顺利拔除盆腔引流管。术后随访3个月, 患者尿控率为...     

经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点穿刺活检术诊断单纯前列腺特异抗原增高型前列腺癌

目的探讨经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点穿刺活检术诊断单纯前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)增高型前列腺癌的临床应用价值。方法回顾分析84例接受经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点穿刺活检术的患者资料。所有患者直肠指诊及常规超声检查结果均为阴性。根据血清PSA分为4组:A组24例,PSA 4~20ng/ml;B组8例,PSA 21~30ng/ml;C组32例,PSA 31~100ng/ml;D组20例,PSA100ng/ml。结果 84例患者穿刺术后均未出现并发症。49例穿刺病理诊断为前列腺癌(49/84,53.33%),其中A组检出1例(1/49,2.04%),B组检出4例(4/49,8.16%),C组检出24例(24/49,48.98%),D组检出20例(20/49,40.82%)。A、B、C、D组中前列腺穿刺活检阳性率分别为4.17%(1/24)、50.00%(4/8)、75.00%(24/32)、100%(20/20),差异有统计学意义(χ2=47.143,P0.05)。结论经直肠超声引导下前列腺6点穿刺活检术并发症少,对单纯PSA增高型前列腺癌具有较高的阳性率。     

Total and Gleason Grade 4/5 Cancer Volumes are Major Contributors of Human Kallikrein 2, Whereas Free Prostate Specific Antigen is Largely Contributed by Benign Gland Volume in Serum From Patients With Prostate Cancer or Benign Prostatic Biopsies

PurposeWe measured concentrations of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), total prostate specific antigen (tPSA), free PSA (fPSA) and percent fPSA to evaluate their relationship to total prostate gland volume, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) volume, total prostate cancer (PCa) volume (CaVol) and the volume of Gleason grades 4/5 cancer (CaVolGl4) in the serum of 256 patients with PCa undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy and 185 with negative systematic sextant biopsies.Materials and MethodsFree and total PSA was measured using the Delfia Prostatus (Perkin-Elmer, Turku, Finland) total/free PSA assay and hK2 was measured using a research immunofluorometric assay. Transrectal ultrasound was used to determine total prostate and BPH volume. Total CaVol and CaVolGl4/5 were calculated using a volumetric program in specimens from 158 men with pT2a/b and 98 with pT3a or greater PCa. The Pearson correlation was performed after logarithmic conversion of PSA and hK2 levels. Benign gland, and pT2a/b and pT3a or greater PCa cases were subdivided into small vs large prostate gland volumes (42 cc or less vs greater than 42 cc).ResultsTotal prostate and BPH volumes correlated closely with free PSA (r = 0.64 to 0.65, p <0.0001) in 143 patients with negative biopsy and a prostate of greater than 42 cc. Correlations of hK2 and tPSA with total prostate and BPH volumes were weaker (r = 0.35 to 0.36 and 0.45 to 0.46, respectively). In pT2a/b and pT3a or greater PCa cases hK2 most closely correlated with CaVol (range 0.31 to 0.62, p = 0.0072 and <0.0001) and with CaVolGl4/5 (range 0.26 to 0.56, p = 0.021 and <0.0001, respectively). The tPSA level correlated significantly with CaVol and CaVolGl4/5 except in glands 42 cc or greater harboring pT2a/b PCa (p = 0.08). Free PSA correlated significantly with CaVolGl4/5 only in pT3a or greater PCa (p <0.05), and with CaVol in pT3a or greater PCa and in small prostates harboring pT2a/b PCa.ConclusionsLarge benign prostate gland volume affects fPSA more than tPSA in serum. In PCa hK2 more closely correlates with total cancer volume and high grade PCa volume compared with tPSA or fPSA.     

A multicenter clinical trial on the use of alpha1-antichymotrypsin-prostate-specific antigen in prostate cancer diagnosis

BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate the clinical performance of alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin prostate-specific antigen (PSA-ACT) for early diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) in a multicenter trial. METHODS: Three hundred sixty-seven white men with PCa and 290 with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) with tPSA concentrations between 2 and 20 microg/L were analyzed. The Elecsys system 2010 (Roche Diagnostics, Germany) was used for determination of total PSA (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA). The PSA-ACT test was a prototype assay used on the ES system (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS: The median concentrations of tPSA (PCa: 8.43 microg/L vs. BPH: 6.60 microg/L) and PSA-ACT (8.30 microg/L vs. 6.46 microg/L) were significantly different, respectively. The median ratios of fPSA/tPSA (PCa: 12% vs. BPH: 16%) and PSA-ACT/tPSA (98% vs. 95%) were significantly different. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis for discrimination between PCa and BPH (tPSA between 2 and 20 microg/L) was performed with 252 matched pairs and showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the ratio fPSA/tPSA (0.66) was significantly different from tPSA (0.50) and PSA-ACT (0.52). PSA-ACT alone or the ratio PSA-ACT/tPSA (0.56) were not significantly different from tPSA. For tPSA between 4 and 10 microg/L (n = 145 pairs), the AUC of the ratio fPSA/tPSA (0.65) was significantly higher than tPSA (0.50) and PSA-ACT (0.54). Significant differences between tPSA and PSA-ACT or PSA-ACT/tPSA (0.56) were not found. CONCLUSIONS: The determination of PSA-ACT as well as the PSA-ACT/tPSA ratio did not improve the diagnostic impact in patients undergoing evaluation for PCa compared to fPSA/tPSA ratio.     

Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Isoform p2PSA in Combination with Total PSA and Free PSA Improves Diagnostic Accuracy in Prostate Cancer Detection

Background

Novel markers for prostate cancer (PCa) detection are needed. Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) and percent free prostate-specific antigen (%fPSA = tPSA/fPSA) lack diagnostic specificity.

Objective

To evaluate the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) isoforms p2PSA and benign prostatic hyperplasia–associated PSA (BPHA).

Design, setting, and participants

Our study included 405 serum samples from the Rotterdam arm of the European Randomised Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer and 351 samples from the Urology Department of Innsbruck Medical University.

Measurements

BPHA, tPSA, fPSA, and p2PSA levels were measured by Beckman-Coulter Access Immunoassay. In addition, the Beckman Coulter Prostate Health Index was calculated: phi = (p2PSA/fPSA) × √(tPSA).

Results and limitations

The p2PSA and phi levels differed significantly between men with and without PCa. No difference in BPHA levels was observed. The highest PCa predictive value in both cohorts was achieved by phi with areas under the curve (AUCs) of 0.750 and 0.709, a significant increase compared to tPSA (AUC: 0.585 and 0.534) and %fPSA (AUC: 0.675 and 0.576). Also, %p2PSA (p2PSA/fPSA) showed significantly higher AUCs compared to tPSA and %fPSA (AUC: 0.716 and 0.695, respectively). At 95% and 90% sensitivity, the specificities of phi were 23% and 31% compared to 10% and 8% for tPSA, respectively. In both cohorts, multivariate analysis showed a significant increase in PCa predictive value after addition of p2PSA to a model consisting of tPSA and fPSA (increase in AUC from 0.675 to 0.755 and from 0.581 to 0.697, respectively). Additionally, the specificity at 95% sensitivity increased from 8% to 24% and 7% to 23%, respectively. Furthermore, %p2PSA, phi, and the model consisting of tPSA and fPSA with or without the addition of p2PSA missed the least of the tumours with a biopsy or pathologic Gleason score ≥7 at 95% and 90% sensitivity.

Conclusions

This study shows significant increases in PCa predictive value and specificity of phi and %p2PSA compared to tPSA and %fPSA. p2PSA has limited additional value in identifying aggressive PCa (Gleason score ≥7).     

Comparison of the clinical validity of free prostate-specific antigen, alpha-1 antichymotrypsin-bound prostate-specific antigen and complexed prostate-specific antigen in prostate cancer diagnosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic utility of free prostate specific antigen (fPSA), alpha-1- antichymotrypsin-bound PSA (PSA-ACT), complexed PSA (cPSA), and including their associated ratios to total PSA (tPSA) in serum for discrimination between prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: A total of 166 white men (age: 65-88 years) with a tPSA between 2 and 20 microg/l were retrospectively analysed. Serum concentrations of tPSA, fPSA, PSA-ACT and cPSA were measured in 118 untreated PCa patients and 48 patients with BPH. The tPSA and cPSA concentrations were measured with the Bayer Immuno 1 system (Bayer Diagnostics, Tarrytown, USA). The Elecsys system 2010 (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) was used for determination of tPSA and fPSA. The PSA-ACT assay is a newly, developed prototype assay on the ES system (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany). RESULTS: For statistical analysis only patients with tPSA between 2 and 20 microg/l were enrolled. The median concentrations of tPSA (Bayer: PCa 7.36 microg/l, BPH 4.03 microg/l; Roche: PCa 7.75, BPH 4.13), PSA-ACT (PCa 6.98, BPH 3.18) and cPSA (PCa 6.46, BPH 3.20) were significantly different. The median ratios of fPSA/tPSA (PCa 12.8 vs. BPH 22.4%), PSA-ACT/tPSA (PCa 89.8 vs. BPH 76.1%) and cPSA/tPSA (PCa 90.5 vs. BPH 81.7%) were significantly different between PCa and BPH patients. Using the areas under the curves, receiver operating characteristics analysis (tPSA: 2-20 microg/l) for discrimination between PCa and BPH showed that the ratios fPSA/tPSA (area under the curve: 0.77), PSA-ACT/tPSA (0.72) and cPSA/tPSA (0.78) were significantly different from tPSA (Bayer: 0.53; Roche: 0.55). PSA-ACT (0.64) and cPSA (0.59) alone were not significantly different from tPSA. The calculated ratios fPSA/tPSA, PSA-ACT/tPSA and cPSA/tPSA were not significantly different. CONCLUSION: The determination of PSA-ACT or cPSA and the associated ratios do not improve the diagnostic impact to discriminate between PCa and BPH compared to fPSA/tPSA ratio. The ratios PSA-ACT/tPSA or cPSA/tPSA can be considered to be alternative tools of fPSA/tPSA.     

Contemporary prostate cancer prevalence among T1c biopsy-referred men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or = 4.0 ng per milliliter

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prostate cancer (PCa) prevalence and risk factors of men with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level< or =4.0 ng/ml and an unsuspicious digital rectal examination (DRE) in a large biopsy referral cohort. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 1997 and 2005, 855 men underwent initial transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided prostate biopsy at the University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf. Patients with any previous surgical or medical treatment were excluded from analyses. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors of PCa at biopsy and high-grade PCa defined as biopsy Gleason sum> or =7. RESULTS: Overall PCa detection rate was 23.1%. The majority had a biopsy Gleason sum of 6 (79.5%) and 20.5% had a biopsy Gleason sum> or =7. Total PSA (tPSA) and percentage of free PSA (%fPSA) were statistically significantly different in men with and without PCa (all p<0.001). In tPSA strata < or = 0.5, 0.6-1.0, 1.1-2.0, 2.1-3.0, and 3.1-4.0 ng/ml, PCa prevalence was 4.0%, 10.6%, 14.8%, 24.5%, and 32.1%, respectively. In logistic regression analyses addressing PCa and Gleason sum > or = 7 at biopsy, %fPSA and prostate volume represented independent and most informative risk factors. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that a substantial percentage (23.1%) of men with a PSA< or =4.0 ng/ml and an unsuspicious DRE in a biopsy referral population harbor PCa, with 20.5% being high grade. Low %fPSA and low prostate volume represent important parameters in PCa and in high grade disease detection at biopsy, respectively.     

睾酮5-α还原酶Ⅱ基因V89L多态性与前列腺癌预后关系的研究

目的:探讨睾酮5-α还原酶Ⅱ(SRD5A2)基因V89L多态性与影响前列腺癌预后因素的关系。方法:对V89L多态性位点用Rsa-1限制性内切酶进行酶切鉴定,观察112例前列腺癌患者和89例BPH患者的V89L(VV、VL、LL)多态性分布情况的差异及其多态性与前列腺癌患者年龄、前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)、游离PSA/总PSA值(tPSA/fPSA,F/T)、Gleason评分、临床分期的关系。结果:前列腺癌组112例与BPH组89例的V89L基因频度风险无显著性差异(χ2=3.606,df=2,P=0.165)。前列腺癌组VV和VL+LL基因型与fPSA、tPSA、F/T、T分期、Gleason评分差异无显著性(P>0.05)。VV和VL+LL各评价预后指标差异无显著性(P>0.05)。分段评价PSA水平、Gleason评分、临床分期、年龄,均与两种基因型无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:V89L多态性与预后无明显关系,但是可能与前列腺癌的风险存在间接的关系。     

Comparison of predictive accuracy for pathologically organ confined clinical stage T1c prostate cancer using human glandular kallikrein 2 and prostate specific antigen combined with clinical stage and Gleason grade

PURPOSE: Previously human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) has been implicated to predict pathologically organ confined prostate cancer (PCa) in patients with stage T2 disease. Now we evaluated the usefulness of hK2, as measured by 2 entirely different immunoassay designs, to enhance the discrimination of pathologically organ from nonorgan confined clinical stage T1c PCa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A consecutive series of pretreatment serum from 148 men with clinical stage T1c PCa was used in 2 equally sensitive and specific methods to measure total hK2 with independent reagents and entirely different assay designs. Total prostate specific antigen (tPSA) and free PSA (fPSA) were measured and percent fPSA was calculated. We determined the algorithm, hK2*tPSA/fPSA, from data generated by each hK2 assay, calculated means, medians and ranges for each analyte and algorithm, and calculated the significance of differences on univariate analysis. Using pretreatment PSA, clinical stage and biopsy Gleason grade we then developed a multivariate logistic regression base model to predict organ confined cancer and we compared predictions of the base model supplemented by the different hK2 measurements. RESULTS: hK2 and hK2 based algorithms obtained by each hK2 assay were significantly different for pT2a/b vs pT3a or greater PCa (p = 0.034 to 0.0001) compared to tPSA (p = 0.06), fPSA (p = 0.90) or percent fPSA (p = 0.059). However, AUC (0.67 to 0.70) calculated by ROC analysis of the 4 models containing hK2 derived information was not significantly larger than that of the base model (AUC = 0.64, p = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: The current data confirm that hK2 alone or hK2*tPSA/fPSA measured by 2 immunoassays is significantly lower in men with pT2a/b vs pT3a or greater PCa compared to tPSA, fPSA or percent fPSA on univariate analysis of a validation set of clinical stage T1c prostate cancer treated at an American center of excellence for prostate cancer surgery. However, the incorporation of preoperative hK2 into multiparameter predictive models for pT2 cancers did not increase predictive accuracy in this cohort of men.     

fPSA/tPSA比值优化前列腺癌早期诊断作用的研究

目的 :探讨游离前列腺特异性抗原 /总前列腺特异性抗原 (fPSA/tPSA)比值在优化tPSA早期诊断前列腺癌(PCa)中的作用。　方法 :以长春市 5 0岁以上PCa集团普查中tPSA在 4 .0～ 2 0 .0 μg/L范围、并接受前列腺活检的1 87例受检者为研究对象 ,测定tPSA、fPSA含量 ,应用SPSS 1 0 .0软件对不同区间fPSA/tPSA比值进行统计学分析。结果 :①tPSA在 4 .0～ 1 0 .0 μg/L、1 0 .0～ 2 0 .0 μg/L区间时 ,PCa检出率分别为1 8.1 %、2 2 .5 %。②ROC曲线分析显示不同区间时fPSA/tPSA比值的曲线下面积 (AUC)均大于tPSA (P <0 .0 5 )。③fPSA/tPSA比值取 0 .2 5为界值时 ,tPSA在 4 .0～ 1 0 .0 μg/L、1 0 .0～ 2 0 .0 μg/L两区间诊断PCa的敏感度分别为90 .5 %和 87.5 % ,可以分别避免 2 6 .7%和 1 1 .3%的人群进行活检。　结论 :在集团普查中 ,fPSA/tPSA比值在tPSA为 4 .0～ 2 0 .0 μg/L时可以提高检测PCa的特异性 ,减少不必要的活检。     

Ⅳ型前列腺炎炎症分级和范围与前列腺特异性抗原之间的关系

目的:探讨Ⅳ型前列腺炎炎症组织病理学分级和范围与前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)的关系。方法:对120例临床可疑前列腺癌患者采用B超引导下经会阴前列腺穿刺病理活检,排除前列腺癌及不合并炎症的前列腺增生病例,仅BPH合并前列腺炎病例入选,采用NIH-Ⅳ型前列腺炎组织病理学分类方法对每例患者标本按炎症位置、范围和分级3方面分3级比较,评价炎症与血清PSA的关系。结果:120例患者中BPH合并前列腺炎症46例。①组织病理学炎症范围分级,1级35例,2级7例,3级4例,tPSA分别为(8.46±4.09)μg/L、(15.26±5.26)μg/L和(21.05±7.58)μg/L,fPSA分别为(1.75±0.93)μg/L、(2.54±0.72)μg/L和(3.19±1.13)μg/L,PSAD分别为0.15±0.11、0.26±0.07和0.42±0.19。三级之间比较tPSA(P=0.001)、fPSA(P=0.008)和PSAD(P<0.001)差异均具有显著性。②组织病理学炎症分级,1级32例,2级10例,3级4例。tPSA分别为(8.37±4.07)μg/L、(13.30±5.69)μg/L和(21.05±7.58)μg/L。fPSA分别为(1.76±0.93)μg/L、(3.27±2.21)μg/L和(3.19±1.13)μg/L。PSAD分别为0.14±0.11、0.25±0.06和0.42±0.19。三级之间比较tPSA(P=0.002)、fPSA(P=0.024)和PSAD(P<0.001)差异均有显著性。③组织病理学炎症位置分级,1级19例,2级17例,3级10例,三级之间tPSA、fPSA、%fPSA差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。④组织病理学炎症范围与tPSA(r=0.6,P<0.001)、fPSA(r=0.5,P=0.001)和PSAD(r=0.6,P<0.001)呈显著正相关关系。组织病理学炎症分级与tPSA(r=0.5,P<0.001)、fPSA(r=0.4,P=0.008)和PSAD(r=0.7,P<0.001)呈显著正相关关系,与%fPSA呈显著负相关关系(r=-0.4,P=0.013)。结论:无症状前列腺炎症患者组织病理学炎症的分级和范围与血PSA显著相关,病理医生应对前列腺穿刺标本进行炎症描述,其对高分级前列腺炎症患者可避免反复活检。     

PSA-related markers in the detection of prostate cancer and high-grade disease in the contemporary era with extended biopsy

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship of total PSA (tPSA), percent free PSA (%fPSA), and complexed PSA (cPSA) with prostate cancer detection and the diagnosis of poorly-differentiated cancers in the contemporary era. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical and pathological records of 292 men who met the following inclusion criteria: (1) tPSA 2.5 to 10 ng/ml; (2) initial biopsy only; (3) extended biopsy scheme (>or=10 peripheral zone cores); (4) no previous prostate surgeries. The ability of PSA-related markers to detect cancer was determined by area under the receiver operating characteristics curve analysis (AUC-ROC). Various clinically relevant % fPSA cutoffs and cPSA ranges were analyzed to determine the association with poorly-differentiated cancers. RESULTS: Cancer was detected in 126 (43%) men, with mean Gleason score of 7. The cancer detection rates for various cutoffs of tPSA, cPSA and % fPSA were very similar. On ROC analysis for cancer diagnosis, the AUCs for tPSA, % fPSA, and cPSA were 0.53, 0.54, and 0.52, respectively. Men with % fPSA <15 were more likely to have poorly-differentiated cancer than those with % fPSA >or=15 (66% vs. 41%, P < 0.005). Similarly, cPSA ranges (2-4, 4.1-6, and >6) were associated with the detection of poorly-differentiated cancers (37%, 57%, and 80% P < 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: With the use of extended prostate sampling in the contemporary screening population, the addition of cPSA and % fPSA does not enhance the diagnostic performance of tPSA. However, the significant association between cPSA and poorly-differentiated cancers suggests that this may be a more useful initial test for prostate cancer screening.