筋膜骨膜骨瓣移位术的解剖学基础

通过动脉灌注红色乳胶,在12个肢体上观察了筋膜骨膜骨瓣的血供规律:①深筋膜有上、下血管网,供血“渠道”有鲜明的纵行方向性,故筋膜蒂应依纵向进行设计;②肌间隔为连接深筋膜与骨膜间的“桥梁”,故可设计为筋膜蒂-肌间隔-骨膜骨瓣;③利用肌间隔内包含的知名轴型血管,可以增加筋膜蒂骨膜骨瓣的长与宽比例;④深筋膜深面与肌肉之间存有筋膜下疏松结缔组织,是手术分离的“外科平面”。     

旋股外侧血管横支大转子骨瓣修复股骨头的应用解剖

在３２例经红色乳胶灌注过的成人下肢标本上，解剖测量了旋股外侧动横支的起始，走行位置和分支。观测了供应股骨大转子前外侧血供的来源，可切取大转子骨瓣３．５×２．０×４．０ｃｍ。从而设计了带旋股外侧血管横支的大转子骨瓣修复股骨头无菌性坏死。本文还对手术技术进行了讨论。     

带蒂筋膜瓣和骨膜瓣肘关节成形术的应用解剖

目的：为肘关节成形术填充物的选用提供解剖学基础。方法：在４０侧经动脉灌注颜料的上肢标本上,解剖观测了臂内、外侧筋膜,前臂后筋膜和尺、桡骨前部骨膜的血管来源、分支分布;血管蒂长度及筋膜瓣、骨膜瓣的切取面积等。结果：观测了以尺、桡侧返动脉为蒂的臂内、外侧筋膜瓣;以骨间后动脉为蒂的前臂后筋膜瓣;以骨间前动脉为蒂的尺、桡骨前部骨膜瓣。这些瓣膜的血管蒂长,血供丰富,可取面积大,质地坚韧致密。结论：上述带血管蒂的筋膜瓣和骨膜瓣可作为肘关节成形术的填充物,讨论了临床应用解剖学要点     

以深筋膜为蒂的骨膜骨瓣移位治疗胫骨不连接

应用以深筋骨膜为蒂的骨膜骨瓣移位治疗胫骨不连接8例,均获成功。该法与常知名血管的骨膜骨瓣比较,具有不损伤重要血管,操作方便,易于推广等特点。本文详细介绍了筋膜蒂骨膜骨瓣的手术设计及切取方法,重点讨论了筋膜蒂骨膜骨瓣的血液供应。     

以骨间前血管为蒂前臂骨膜骨瓣的临床应用

应用骨间前血管为蒂.桡、尺骨骨膜骨瓣移位治疗上肢骨不连或骨缺损38例,均获得成功。该术式与以桡、尺动脉为蒂的桡、尺骨骨膜骨瓣移位相比较,有不损伤前臂主要血管干、移位范围大、适应症较广和操作简便易推广等特点.     

外踝前血管外踝骨膜骨瓣移位术的应用解剖

目的:为治疗距骨骨折,骨不连及距骨体缺血性坏死提供一种新供区。方法:在30侧成人下肢标本上,解剖观察外踝前动脉的起始、走行、分支、分布及其与邻近血管间的吻合关系。结果:外踝前动脉起始于胫前动脉(占46.9％)或足背动脉(占53.1％),起始外径(1.2±0.2)mm,干长(3.6±0.4)cm,伴行静脉2条,外径分别为(1.1±0.2)mm和(1.1±0.1)mm。该动脉位于足母长伸肌、趾长伸肌深面,向外下方达外踩。与外踝邻近血管分支相吻合,形成外踝网,经墨汁注射供血范围为4.0cm×2.5cm。结论:以外踝前血管为蒂的外踝骨膜骨瓣移位可修复距骨损伤。     

骨膜血供及其临床意义

通过动脉灌注,对成人尸体肢体42侧(上肢6侧和下肢36侧)的骨膜血供进行了研究。骨膜血供主要有骨膜固有血管、肌骨膜血管和筋膜骨膜血管,附加的有皮质毛细血管吻合。在骨的非关节面外周,骨膜的血管组成一连续的骨膜血管网。通过此网与肌、筋膜和骨的血管相连,使骨膜获得血供。对骨膜血供的临床意义作了简要的讨论。     

股外侧肌带蒂肌瓣治疗大粗隆部慢性骨髓炎

目的报告股外侧肌带蒂肌瓣治疗大粗隆部慢性骨髓炎临床应用结果。方法自2008年1月至2015年1月,应用股外侧肌带蒂肌瓣治疗大粗隆部慢性骨髓炎6例(男5,女1)。患者年龄28~56岁(平均48岁)。粗隆部软组织缺损范围5 cm×2 cm^8 cm×4 cm。股外侧肌带蒂肌瓣转移至大粗隆部软组织缺损区,在肌瓣表面行一期中厚网状游离植皮,供区直接缝合。结果 1例肌瓣发生小片植皮坏死,经3周换药处理自然愈合。肌瓣全部成活。术后随访2.5~4.0年,平均3年,受区外形较好,慢性骨髓炎没有复发。髋关节功能用HSS评分标准评定其疗效,优5例,良1例。本组取得了较满意的临床效果。结论这种技术安全、可靠,很适用于治疗大粗隆部慢性骨髓炎。     

Analysis of the sensory innervations of the greater trochanter for improving the treatment of greater trochanteric pain syndrome

In medical practice, greater trochanteric pain syndrome has an incidence of 5.6 per 1,000 adults per year, and affects up to 25% of patients with knee osteoarthritis and low back pain in industrialized nations. It also occurs as a complication after total hip arthroplasty. Different etiologies of the pain syndrome have been discussed, but an exact cause remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to obtain a better understanding of the sensory innervations of the greater trochanter in attempt to improve the treatment of this syndrome. Therefore, we dissected the gluteal region of seven adult and one fetal formalin fixed cadavers, and both macroscopic and microscopic examination was performed. We found a small sensory nerve supply to the periosteum and bursae of the greater trochanter. This nerve is a branch of the n. femoralis and accompanies the arteria and vena circumflexa femoris medialis and their trochanteric branches to the greater trochanter. This nerve enters the periosteum of the greater trochanter directly caudal to the tendon of the inferior gemellus muscle. This new anatomical information may be helpful in improving therapy, such as interventional denervation of the greater trochanter or anatomically guided injections with corticosteroids and local anesthetics. Clin. Anat. 25:1080–1086, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

股骨大转子长斜形截骨联合人工全髋关节置换术治疗成人高脱位DDH的疗效分析

目的探讨股骨大转子长斜形截骨在治疗成人高脱位发育性髋关节脱位(developmental dislocation of hip DDH)中的临床疗效。方法实验组:选取2012年2月至2015年2月本院收治的11例高脱位DDH患者的临床资料,11例患者均采用全髋人工关节假体置换联合股骨大转子长斜形截骨钢丝内固定术。其中,男3例,女8例。年龄45～72岁,平均56.5岁,术后末次随访體关节功能按改良Merle d'Aubingne-Postel评分系统评估。对照组:通过医院病历管理平台获得自2009年1月至2012年1月本院采用全髋人工关节假体置换联合股骨大转子下横形截骨术治疗17例患者的临床资料,最后电话得到随访的有12例,获取病历数据得知12例患者的平均手术时间、出血量等相关数据。将实验组与对照组的数据进行对比分析。结果实验组11例患者均得到随访,随访时间12～18个月,平均15.8个月。平均手术时间(120.05±32.50) min,术中出血量(270.15±72.50) mL,末次随访髋关节功能按改良Merle d'Aubingne-Postel评分系统来评估:优7例,良3例,可1例,差0例,优良率90.91%。无1例发生坐骨神经损伤。对照组平均手术时间(160.08±95.50) min,术中出血量(380.02±75.70) mL,优良率91.67%。有1例坐骨神经损伤,末次随访时已恢复。两组病例治疗效果的优良率通过χ~2检验,P0.05。手术时间及出血量通过t检验,p0.05。结论采用股骨大转子长斜形截骨能够获得与转子下横形截骨相同的临床效果,但其手术时间、术中出血量明显减少,术中手术创伤减小、手术操作难度降低。     

Vascular changes in the periosteum of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia

The etiology and the pathogenesis of congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia (CPT) are still unknown. The affected tibia exhibits insufficient mechanical strength and osteogenetic capability. CPT is frequently associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1; von Recklinghausen's disease); however, both diseases have not yet been linked pathogenetically. This study presents the pathomorphologic findings of CPT under special consideration of NF1. Therefore, samples from patients operated on for CPT (n = 4) with (n = 3) and without (n = 1) neurofibromatosis were investigated by light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The most striking finding in all patients was thickened periosteum with accumulation of nerval cells surrounding small arteries, causing subtotal or complete obliteration. In conclusion, impaired vascularization can result in decreased osteogenic capabilities. The similarity of ultrastructural findings in the abnormal periosteum and in skin neurofibromas of neurofibromatosis patients may indicate a pathogenetic association of both diseases.     

自行研制的小转子复位器复位固定移位小转子的临床研究

目的 评价自行研制的小转子复位器复位固定移位的波及后内侧小转子骨块或大转子后外侧骨块的临床效果。方法 将2017年1月至2018年12月新疆医科大学附属中医医院收治的30例股骨转子间骨折（Futamura A3型骨折中的后内侧小转子骨块或大转子后外侧骨块）患者采用随机信封法分为两组,两组患者都选用PFNA(AO)进行闭合复位内固定：实验组（15例）采用自行研制的小转子复位器对移位的小转子进行复位后空心螺钉固定;对照组（15例）不处理移位的小转子。比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后下地时间、髋关节功能Harris评分、髋部骨折功能恢复量表评分、术后并发症及不良反应发生率。结果 两组患者均获得随访,平均随访（14.1±2.3）个月。实验组的手术时间、术中出血量均多于对照组,实验组下地时间早于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;实验组术后1个月患髋关节Harris评分及髋部骨折功能恢复量表评分均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;两组术后3个月及1年Harris评分及髋部骨折功能恢复量表评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组均无伤口感染、...     

股骨大转子后方肌腱止点的解剖学观测及临床意义

目的:探讨股骨大转子后方肌腱止点的解剖学特征,为临床实践提供解剖学资料。方法:对10例20侧福尔马林固定成人髋关节标本进行解剖,观察各肌腱的末段形态,测量其宽、厚度及肌外腱长;逐步清除各肌腱组织,观察各肌腱止点在股骨大转子上的分布。结果:梨状肌腱和闭孔内肌上、下孖肌总腱的末段形成联合腱,闭孔外肌腱独立附着,臀中肌腱附着区后部增厚强韧;梨状肌压迹、闭孔内肌压迹和转子窝形态各异,在大转子上分布不同,股骨中轴线通过转子窝。结论:在全髋置换后路软组织扩大修补中,联合腱应联合附着,闭孔外肌腱应独立附着,联合腱缝入臀中肌腱后缘在解剖上是合理的;在股骨顺行髓内钉的手术操作中,转子窝应是正确的进针点。     

Muscle forces acting on the greater trochanter lead to a dorsal warping of the apophyseal growth plate

The apophyseal growth plate of the greater trochanter, unlike most other growth plates of the human body, exhibits a curved morphology that results in a divergent pattern resembling an open crocodile mouth on plain antero-posterior radiographs. To quantify the angular alignment of the growth plate and to draw conclusions about the function of the muscles surrounding it, we analyzed 57 MRI images of 51 children and adolescents aged 3–17 years and of six adults aged 18–52 years. We measured the angulation of the plate relative to the horizontal plane (AY angle) and the trajectories of the muscles attaching to the greater trochanter of the proximal femur. From anterior to posterior, the AY angle shows a decrease of 33.44°. In the anterior third, the cartilage is angled at a mean of 51.64°, and in the posterior third, the mean angulation is 18.6°. This indicates that the cartilage in the anterior region of the greater trochanteric apophysis is subject to more vertically oriented force vectors compared to the posterior region, as the growth plates align perpendicular to the force vectors acting on them. Combining the measured muscle trajectories with the physiological cross-sectional areas (PCSA) available from the literature revealed that, in addition to the known internal and external lateral traction ligament systems, a third, dorsally located traction ligament system exists that may be responsible for the dorsal deformation of the AY angle.     

带血管蒂大转子骨瓣修复股骨头、颈的解剖及其应用

通过60侧解剖标本观测了供应大转子后部的应供来源.我们设计了以旋股内侧动脉深支或臀下动脉吻合支为血管蒂的大转子骨瓣转位植骨以修复股骨颈骨折和股骨头缺血性坏死.临床已施行20例均取得良好的近期效果.     

烧伤后肢体筋膜间室综合征防治

目的探讨烧伤后肢体筋膜间室综合征的发生原因和预防措施。方法回顾性分析5例烧伤后发生下筋膜间室综合征病例的临床表现及形成原因，在测定30例整形患者小腿筋膜间室压力的基础上，对42例严重烧伤患者的小腿进行了压力测定和探查性深筋膜切开，观察小腿肌肉的状态，总结烧伤面积和小腿筋膜间室压力与筋膜间室综合征之间的关系，提出了有关早期切开深筋膜的指征。结果5例发生肢体筋膜间室综合征患者均未切开深筋膜，其中2例小腿截肢。在探查性切开深筋膜的42例患者中，面积越大，筋膜间室压力越高，当筋膜间室压力超过25cm H2O以上时有出现肢体筋膜间室综合征的倾向。结论深筋膜与烧伤后肢体筋膜间室综合征的发生有密切关系，重视早期切开深筋膜能较好地预防筋膜间室综合征的发生。