氨曲南致皮肤过敏反应的护理

氨曲南 (Aztreonam)是首次应用于临床的单环β-内酰胺类抗生素 ,主要通过抑制细菌细胞壁的合成而起杀菌作用。具有疗效高、耐受性好、不良反应轻微、与青霉素和头孢菌素无交叉过敏等特点 ,临床上主要用于治疗难治性、反复严重感染[1] 。我科自 2 0 0 1年 4月至 2 0 0 2年 11月应用氨曲南治疗严重肺部感染患者 12例 ,其中 10例疗效明显 ,未出现任何毒副作用 ,另 2例出现全身皮肤过敏反应 ,现报告如下 :1　病例报告1 1　 　例 1:男 ,6 2岁 ,因突起神志障碍、右侧肢体无力 76天 ,于 2 0 0 2年 5月 10日平车推送入院。入院前患者因脑出血 ,在外…     

外用扶他林引起皮肤过敏反应1例

扶他林乳胶剂作为一种新型消炎、镇痛外用搽剂 ,临床上主要用于肌腱、韧带、肌肉和关节的创伤、炎症等 ,因其作用快、副反应少 ,临床应用广泛。应用扶他林后出现过敏反应较少见 ,现报告 1例。1　病例介绍　　病人 ,女 ,43岁。因外伤出现踝关节疼痛 (皮肤表面完整 ) ,外用扶他林乳胶涂搽于踝关节及周围 ,次日局部皮肤出现红色粟粒大的丘疹、红斑 ,局部肿胀伴瘙痒 ,未停药 ,2ｄ后上述部位皮疹增多 ,皮肤变红 ,出现水疱 ,无渗出破溃 ,自用皮炎平软膏 ,无缓解入院。入院后给予激素、抗组织胺类药物及抗生素治疗8ｄ ,痊愈出院。2　讨论　　扶他林…     

鲁米那钠致皮肤过敏反应的临床观察与护理

鲁米那钠又名苯巴比妥钠，是巴比妥类镇静催眠药。术前应用鲁米那钠可缓解患者紧张焦虑情绪，使患者在麻醉过程中能够情绪稳定，充分配合手术，并可提高麻醉药的作用，减少副作用。其作用特点是可模拟r-氨基丁酸的作用，激动r-氨基丁酸A受体，抑制突触后神经元兴奋，产生中枢抑制作用，从而达到镇静效果。鲁米那钠已作为手术前常规用药，自2004年以来，江苏省泰州市人民医院泌尿外科共发生鲁米那钠引起皮肤过敏反应8例。通过及时发现病情，并采取积极的治疗和护理措施，患者在5～12d痊愈，现将护理体会介绍如下。     

药物过敏反应试验

药物过敏反应即药物变态反应(Drug allergy),药物变态反应在各种年龄、种族、性别、职业的人体中均可随时随地发生。变态反应主要是以下几种:①IgE抗体介导的反应。②细胞毒抗体介导反应和免疫复合物反应。③细胞介导的反应。药物过敏反应可以是上述某一过程,也可以是上述全部过程,很难绝对地分开,反应的发生可引起发烧、皮疹、荨麻疹、血管性水肿等多种症状,影响到肝、肾、肺、循环多个系统,严重者休克死亡。为避免药物反应发生,一些药物在使用前必须做过敏试验。一、过敏试验种类和方法目前临床上药物过敏试验有皮试法、点眼法、口     

1例泰素帝致严重皮肤过敏反应的护理

泰素帝是近年来治疗非小细胞性肺癌的一种疗效较好的紫杉类抗癌药物，广泛应用于临床。江苏省靖江市人民医院肿瘤科于2004年10月收治1例原发性右上肺癌（T2N3M1）患者使用泰素帝后引起严重过敏反应，现将护理体会报告如下。     

鲁米那钠致皮肤过敏反应的临床观察与护理

鲁米那钠又名苯巴比妥钠,是巴比妥类镇静催眠药。术前应用鲁米那钠可缓解患者紧张焦虑情绪,使患者在麻醉过程中能够情绪稳定,充分配合手术,并可提高麻醉药的作用,减少副作用。其作用特点是可模拟r-氨基丁酸的作用,激动r-氨基丁酸A受体,抑制突触后神经元兴奋,产生中枢抑制作用,从而达到镇静效果。鲁米那钠已作为手术前常规用药,自2004年以来,江苏省泰州市人民医院泌尿外科共发生鲁米那钠引起皮肤过敏反应8例。通过及时发现病情,并采取积极的治疗和护理措施,患者在5~12 d痊愈,现将护理体会介绍如下。1临床资料2004年6月~2006年2月发生鲁米那…     

1例泰素帝致严重皮肤过敏反应的护理

泰素帝是近年来治疗非小细胞性肺癌的一种疗效较好的紫杉类抗癌药物,广泛应用于临床[1-2].江苏省靖江市人民医院肿瘤科于2004年10月收治1例原发性右上肺癌(T2N3M1)患者使用泰素帝后引起严重过敏反应,现将护理体会报告如下.……     

儿童应用抗生素皮肤试验的对比观察

头孢菌素类具有广谱、耐酸、耐酶 ,过敏发生率比青霉素低 ,对青霉素过敏者一般可耐受本药的特点[1] ,临床应用极为广泛 ,儿童使用率较高。为了保证安全性用前需做皮内试验 ,临床上常以青霉素皮试液代替 ,其阳性发生率较高 ,限制了头孢类药物的使用 ,影响疾病的治疗。为此 ,我们     

头孢菌素类抗生素的过敏反应与皮试

头孢菌素类抗生素是一族广谱半合成抗生素,其母核为7—氨基头孢烷酸(7—ACA),头孢菌素类因杀菌力强,耐青霉素酶,抗菌潜广,临床疗效高,毒性低,过敏反应较青霉素类少等优点,目前在临床抗感染中的应用已十分广泛。笔者随机抽查了1989年度本院内科住院病历1000份,使用头孢菌素类者共占64％(其中头孢唑啉钠占63％,其它头孢菌素占1％);头孢菌素类所致变态反应在全都使用头孢菌素类的病人中约占1.1％。根据本院的临床用药情况,笔者又走访调查了30家省、市级医院,结果头孢菌素类的临床使用率约在30％以上,其变态反应发生率为1％左右,而且曾发现严重过敏性休克病例。     

The variability of skin test hypersensitivity reactions in cystic fibrosis and asthma

Cystic fibrosis (CF) children had a greater variability of skin prick test response compared with asthmatic children, when the tests were performed on two occasions. This suggests that there is a different cause for the allergy in the two groups, perhaps because the asthmatics have a transient period of susceptibility to sensitization in infancy and the CF children a persistent vulnerability. Amongst the asthmatic children, clinical improvement was associated with loss of some skin prick test reactions, and clinical deterioration with an increase in the number of positive reactions. Thus continuing allergic reactions may maintain a mucosal defect, resulting in a persistence of susceptibility to allergen sensitization, and control of the reactions may re-establish normal mucosal defence mechanisms.     

Antibiotic hypersensitivity mimicking recurrent endocarditis--identifying the culprit with the in vitro lymphocyte transformation test

Sir, The drug hypersensitivity syndrome is characterized by feverand systemic abnormalities including lymphopenia, lymphadenopathy,skin and visceral involvement mimicking systemic sepsis. Thefollowing case illustrates how the in vitro lymphocyte transformationtest can be used to confirm drug hypersensitivity in this scenario,differentiating it from deteriorating infective endocarditis,hence avoiding progression to inappropriate interventions. A 62-year-old man was admitted     

Booster effect in delayed hypersensitivity skin testing

After a pilot study had suggested that a drug augmented delayed hypersensitivity, we conducted a control study in which 19 normal volunteers had the same skin test battery applied as in the pilot study, on two occasions one month apart with no intervening treatment. No change was observed in delayed hypersensitivity response to PPD, Candida, or tetanus antigens. However, a significant decrease in response to mumps antigen was observed, and there was a marked "booster" or augmented response to SKSD antigen. These observations have implications for studies of immunomodulation and the mechanism of action of delayed hypersensitivity response.     

变应原检测试验中皮肤点刺法与皮肤压痕法的比较

目的 了解过敏性疾病患者对皮肤点刺试验与皮肤压痕试验的耐受情况与阳性反应.方法 选择过敏性哮喘及过敏性鼻炎及其他过敏性疾病患者共80例,同时进行特异性变应原皮肤点刺与皮肤压痕试验.了解患者对2种方法的不适应感及恐惧程度,并比较2种方法对特异性变应原检测结果的差异.进行统计描述及χ2检验.结果 2种方法对特异性变应原检测阳性率比较无显著差异.大部分患者更愿意接受皮肤压痕试验.结论 2种方法对特异性变应原检测结果基本一致.压痕法使患者痛苦小,恐惧感小,更易接受,临床上可用皮肤压痕试验代替皮肤点刺试验.     

The diagnosis of hypersensitivity to ingested foods. Reliability of skin prick testing and the radioallergosorbent test with different materials

The diagnostic reliability in food allergy of skin prick tests (SPT) and the radio-allergosorbent test (RAST) was investigated in paediatric patients with respiratory and skin allergies. SPT and RAST were found to be reliable for the diagnosis of allergy to codfish, peas, nuts, peanuts and egg white. Positive SPT and RAST to cereals were common, but were most often without clinical significance or were correlated with respiratory allergy to the inhalation of flour dust. SPT and RAST were only partly reliable with regard to allergy to cow's milk, and were mostly reliable when used together and showing corresponding results. Experimental allergosorbents for RAST with soy beans and white beans were not reliable. The study shows the need to improve the diagnostic materials and to establish the diagnostic reliability of the material and tests used for each food item in question.