先天性马蹄内翻足经皮跟腱切断手术时机的选择

目的应用Ponseti方法早期治疗先天性马蹄内翻足（先天性马蹄内翻足）,探讨经皮跟腱切断手术时机的选择。方法60例（91足）先天性马蹄内翻足患儿,随机分为A、B两组,每组30例,治疗初评分≥4分（僵硬型）。A组患足矫形外展至70°、背屈〈15°、同时HS〉1、MS〈1和距骨被覆盖;B组患足矫形至前足内收纠正但无法背屈,同时HS〉1、MS≤1,行跟腱切断术;以Pirani评分标准比较两组治疗结果。结果患儿均得到随访,时间6～30（15±5）个月。A、B两组手术前石膏矫形次数分别为（5.1±0.91）次、（2.42±0.56）次（P〈0.05）,治疗时间分别为（36.8±4.98）d、（19.3±5.09）d（P〈0.01）,差异有统计学意义。两组跟腱均获得愈合,跖屈有力,术后患足背屈活动度差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论在Ponseti方法矫正僵硬型马蹄足过程中,畸形愈严重跟腱挛缩愈严重,早期行经皮跟腱切断手术可明显减少石膏矫形次数、缩短疗程,不影响疗效。     

Ponseti系列石膏联合中医手法按摩矫正先天性马蹄内翻足

目的:探究Ponseti系列石膏联合中医手法按摩矫正小儿先天性马蹄内翻足的疗效及外观满意度情况。方法:回顾性分析笔者医院2018年2月-2020年5月接受单纯Ponseti系列石膏矫正疗法治疗(对照组)及Ponseti系列石膏联合中医手法按摩治疗(观察组)各40例先天性马蹄内翻足患儿的临床资料。比较两组患儿治疗过程中相关指标(石膏固定总时长、平均石膏固定次数、跟腱切断手术率),记录其治疗前、治疗6个月后的足踝功能(Pirani严重程度评分、Laaveg-Ponseti评分、正位片距跟角、侧位片距跟角)变化,并参考《足外科》及自拟问卷的形式评估治疗后1年的临床疗效及外观满意度。结果:观察组石膏固定总时长、平均石膏固定次数、跟腱切断手术率、跟腱延长手术率均明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗6个月后,两组患儿Pirani严重程度评分较治疗前均有显著下降,且观察组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组Laaveg-Ponseti评分、正位片距跟角、侧位片距跟角较治疗前均有显著上升,且观察组明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后1年,观察组总有效率及满意度为96.49%、92.50%高于对照组的85.71%、75.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:联合中医手法按摩后,Ponseti系列石膏矫正疗法治疗总时长减少,跟腱松解后疗效能得到巩固,且按摩手法学习难度小,治疗后外观满意度高,适合广泛推广及应用。     

肌力平衡术治疗儿童先天性马蹄内翻足

[目的]探讨肌力平衡术治疗儿童先天性马蹄内翻足(CCF)的临床应用及近期疗效。[方法] 2013～2018年采用肌力平衡术治疗儿童先天性马蹄内翻足33例共46足,所有患儿均采取肌力平衡术治疗,即保持踝关节背伸5°～1O°,"Z"字型延长跟腱,外移胫骨前肌腱,适当松解足后方软组织,术后长腿矫形石膏屈膝90°制动。术后6周拆石膏、拆线,不需要穿戴Dennis-Brown支具,行功能锻炼。[结果]所有患儿均顺利完成手术。术后平均随访(23.79±6.43)个月,本组33例共46足CCF均采用Pirani评分分类,矫正后接近正常39足,轻度异常7足,无中度、重度异常者。所有病例均无伤口感染、皮肤坏死和顽固性疼痛等。[结论]肌力平衡术是治疗儿童先天性马蹄内翻足的一种理想手术方式,其特点是术中充分松解,术后并发症少,畸形纠正彻底,矫形效果好。     

先天性马蹄内翻足经Ponseti方法治疗后复发的影响因素分析

[目的]探讨先天性马蹄内翻足(congenital talipes equinovarus,CTEV)经Ponseti方法治疗后畸形复发的相关影响因素。[方法]2002年3月～2007年11月本院应用Ponseti方法治疗先天性马蹄内翻足患儿378例544足,回顾性分析资料完整,随访时间超过5年的119例173足,男90例,女29例;初治年龄1 d～14个月,平均(3.55±3.22)个月,按照复发与否分为复发组和非复发组,其中复发组43例57足,非复发组76例116足。单因素分析比较两组间患儿性别、初治年龄、侧别、跟腱切断与否、初始Pirani评分、初始石膏纠正次数、支具依从性的差别,以复发与否作为应变量将上述变量行Logistic多因素回归分析,探讨这些因素与复发的相关性。[结果]单因素分析显示两组间支具依从性(x2=74.12,P=0.000)、初始Pirani评分(t=3.24,P=0.001)及初始石膏纠正次数(t=2.26,P=0.025)有差别,性别、初治年龄、侧别、跟腱切断差异无统计学意义;Logistic多因素回归分析显示支具依从性(OR=112.60,P=0.000)、初始Pirani评分(OR=5.02,P=0.000)是影响复发的独立因素。[结论]患足的复发与支具不顺从、初始Pirani评分高有关,进一步提高支具依从性是控制复发的关键,对于初始Pirani评分高者需要制定更加密切的随访计划,以便及时发现和矫正复发的畸形。     

Ponseti技术治疗小儿先天性马蹄内翻足

目的观察应用Ponseti技术治疗小儿先天性马蹄内翻足的效果。方法2006年3月至2007年5月我院应用Ponseti技术治疗年龄7d~18个月先天性马蹄内翻足27例36足,柔软型20例26足,僵硬型7例10足;平均年龄109.8d,矫正后应用改良丹尼夜间固定器维持治疗。矫正标准:足部外展60°~70°、外翻20°、背伸20°,跟腱无紧张。结果3例3足通过应用Ponseti手法矫正、系列石膏固定治愈,占11.1%(3/27);23例31足通过应用Ponseti手法矫正、系列石膏固定、经皮跟腱延长术治愈,占85.2%(23/27);1例2足开放跟腱延长术后复发病例,应用Ponseti手法矫正、系列石膏固定,矫正至足外展60°后,1侧行经皮跟腱延长术、另一侧行开放跟腱延长术治愈。平均治疗时间11.4周,总治愈率96.3%。全部病例均在随访中,随访1~14个月,平均10个月,踝关节跖屈、背伸功能正常,除2例2足足长较对侧短0.5cm外,余25例足外形正常。9例已会行走,步态正常。结论应用Ponseti技术微创治疗小儿先天性马蹄内翻足效果显著。     

改良Ponseti方法治疗早期先天性马蹄内翻足的神经电生理研究

目的改良Ponseti方法治疗早期先天性马蹄内翻足（CCF）的神经电生理研究。方法应用改良Ponseti方法治疗年龄7天～12个月先天性马蹄内翻足25例31足,应用Nicolet公司VikingIV肌电图诱发电位仪对每期石膏矫形后的CCF患儿进行检测。检测包括双下肢胫神经、腓总神经、腓肠神经及H反射。分析比较运动神经传导速度（MCV）、感觉波（SCV）、传导波幅的变化情况。依据Dimeglio法分型和Pirani评分判定疗效。随访时间为12—36个月,平均15个月。结果31足在石膏矫形前神经电生理异常的有23足f74．19％）。神经电图检测显示21个病足结果异常（67．74哟,H反射异常15足（48．39%。第1～Ⅲ期石膏矫形后的神经电生理变化不明显,第4期石膏矫形后改变明显。28足神经电生理检测达到或接近正常后停止石膏矫形,带足部支具巩固治疗,3足神经电生理检测未接近正常,停止石膏矫形后3个月复发。再行石膏矫形后治愈。结论神经电生理检测可以直接、客观地判断改良Ponseti方法治疗早期先天性马蹄内翻足的治愈标准及预后。     

超声下婴幼儿马蹄内翻足距舟角、跟骰角和胫跟角与Pirani评分的相关性分析

目的探讨超声检查与Pirani评分对婴幼儿先天性马蹄内翻足各跗骨畸形、治疗效果及假性矫正情况的评估效果, 以及两种方法的相关性。方法回顾性收集2020年1月至2023年1月在郑州大学第三附属医院经超声检查评估的26例(40足)先天性马蹄内翻足患儿的临床资料。男16例, 女10例, 首次超声检查时年龄为[M(IQR)]9.0(18.0)d(范围:1～46 d)。患儿均由同一名医师行Ponseti方法治疗。收集患儿治疗前后及末次检查时的Pirani评分及超声测得的距舟角、跟骰角和胫跟角, 记录治疗情况及随访情况。数据比较采用配对样本t检验、重复测量方差分析或Kruskal-Wallis检验, 相关性分析采用Spearman相关分析。采用受试者工作特征曲线计算超声评估不同Pirani评分的效能。结果 26例患儿石膏固定次数4.0(1.0)次(范围:2～8次), 内侧距舟角、后侧胫跟角治疗后及末次随访时较治疗前明显改善, 差异有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);外侧跟骰角治疗后及末次随访时较治疗前无差异(P>0.05)。治疗过程中2例(2足)出现假性矫正, 发生率为5%。相关性分析结...     

Ponseti方法对6个月以上婴幼儿与小婴儿先天性马蹄内翻足治疗的比较

[目的]比较Ponseti方法对6个月以上婴幼儿(大龄组)与6个月以内婴儿(小龄组)先天性马蹄内翻足治疗的不同.[方法]应用Ponseti方法治疗大龄组患儿157例227足,小龄组患儿221例317足.对所有患足进行Pirani评分,将0～0.5分判为优良,比较两组的优良率、应用石膏次数及跟腱切断的病足数,并进行随访.[结果]两组患儿优良率无显著性差异(P＞0.05).小龄组应用石膏次数及行跟腱切断的百分比较大龄组多,两组间有显著性差异(P＜0.01).平均随访2年5个月,两组间复发率无明显差异(P＞0.05).[结论]Ponseti方法对6个月以上婴幼儿及小婴儿先天性马蹄内翻足均可取得优良效果.     

Ponseti石膏矫形法治疗汉族和维吾尔族先天性马蹄内翻足效果分析

目的评价应用Ponseti石膏矫形疗法治疗汉族和维吾尔族儿童先天性马蹄内翻足（CCF）的疗效,并在新疆推广该方法。方法2009年6月至2013年6月,上海交通大学附属儿童医院骨科收治汉族CCF婴幼儿68例（98足）,其中男45例（62足）,女23例（36足）,年龄10天～13个月（第一组）;2013年1月至10月,新疆喀什地区第二人民医院骨科收治维吾尔族CCF婴幼儿及儿童29例（44足）,其中男18例（26足）,女11例（18足）,年龄7天～27个月,选取其中大于12个月患JL（13~27个月）24例（36足）为第二组。全部病例均接受Ponseti疗法治疗,其中汉族患儿每2周更换石膏固定,维吾尔族患儿每周更换石膏固定。根据Dimeglio分类和功能评价方法评估治疗效果。结果所有病例均获随访3～40个月（平均12±3个月）。根据Dimeglio分类和功能评价方法评估,92例中90例（132足）矫形效果满意,评分达到I级。两组间治疗优良率差异无显著意义（P〉0．05）。每组分别有1例1足残留有轻度前足内收畸形,需进一步治疗。结论Ponseti疗法治疗维吾尔族患儿与汉族患儿CCF可取得同样确切的疗效。只要治疗方法规范,石膏更换频率、30个月龄内起始治疗对疗效无明显影响,均可取得满意疗效。     

长屈肌腱转位手术治疗老年跟腱断裂的疗效分析

背景：慢性跟腱疾病发展到后期往往需要行肌腱转位治疗,长屈肌腱转位手术是常用的治疗方式。但老年患者的功能恢复、生活方式有别于其他人群。目的：探讨长屈肌腱转位手术治疗老年人跟腱断裂的临床效果。方法：回顾性分析2007年9月至2012年7月在我院行长屈肌腱转位手术的老年患者的病例资料（＞60岁）。共14例（16足）,男女各7例,年龄60~83岁,平均67.1岁。2例女性患者为双侧跟腱断裂同时行手术修补,均采用单切口长屈肌腱转位替代跟腱疗法。分别评估患者术前与术后美国足踝外科协会踝-后足评分（AOFAS-AH）,美国足踝外科协会趾-跖趾-趾间关节评分（AOFAS-MTPIP）,视觉模拟法（VAS）疼痛评分,跟腱断裂评分（ATRS）及手术相关并发症情况。最后进行统计学比较,评价患者足踝部功能恢复情况及患者满意情况。结果：14例患者术后获得21~67个月随访。AOFAS-AH评分从术前（68.2±6.2）分提高到术后的（93.2±5.3）分;AOFAS-MTPIP评分术前为（94.2±2.9）分,术后为（95.1±3.2）分;VAS评分术前（5.1±1.4）分,术后为（1.0±0.7）分;ARTS评分从术前（52.7±9.3）分提高到术后（86.3±10.3）分。16足术后均未出现伤口感染等手术并发症,也未在围手术期出现肺部感染、深静脉血栓等其他并发症。结论：长屈肌腱转位手术在老年人中的应用不但具有很好的手术疗效,并且安全性较高。     

Predicting the need for tenotomy in the Ponseti method for correction of clubfeet

The purpose of this study was to determine how to predict the need for tenotomy at the initiation of the Ponseti treatment. Fifty clubfeet (35 patients) were prospectively rated according to Pirani and Dimeglio scoring systems. Tenotomies were performed in 36 of 50 feet (72%). Those that underwent tenotomy required significantly more casts (P = 0.005). Of 27 feet with initial Pirani scores > or = 5.0, 85.2% required a tenotomy and 14.8% did not; 94.7% of the Dimeglio Grade IV feet required tenotomies. Following removal of the last cast, there was no significant difference between those that did and did not have a tenotomy. Children with clubfeet who have an initial score of > or = 5.0 by the Pirani system or are rated as Grade IV feet by the Dimeglio system are very likely to need a tenotomy. At the end of casting, feet were equally well corrected whether or not they needed a tenotomy.     

Accelerated Ponseti method: First experiences in a more convenient technique for patients with severe idiopathic club feet

BackgroundCongenital Idiopathic Talipes Equinovarus (CTEV), or clubfoot, is a complex deformity that involves pathological anatomy in the foot with ankle equinus, hindfoot varus, midfoot cavus and forefoot adductus [1]. Universal agreement is established about Ponseti technique as the initial management for this deformity. This preliminary study aims to investigate the possibility of having a braceable foot through a proposed accelerated Ponseti method by which, manipulations, 5 castings and Achilles tendon tenotomy are implemented in a week.MethodsThis study included 11 patients with 16severe congenital idiopathic clubfeet treated by an accelerated Ponseti method. The method involves manipulation of the deformed foot, and 1st casting in one day, with the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th castings in the 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th day post-manipulation. After the 4th cast removal, Achilles tenotomy was performed with subsequent three-week casting for all patients. Nonparametric tests were used for comparing the Pirani scores before starting the treatment and after removal of final cast.ResultsFive patients had bilateral club foot deformity. Average age at treatment was 54.8 days (range 8–150 days). All patients, who had severe congenital idiopathic club feet with a Pirani score of 6, underwent the accelerated Ponseti technique. After removal of the three-week cast, the scores median was 0.59, (range 0–1.5), indicating a correction of the deformity and having braceable feet in all patients without experiencing any short-term complication.ConclusionsThe first step accelerated Pnoseti technique was found to be safe and effective for initial correction of severe idiopathic clubfoot deformity in children below three months of age , though it is an initial study that needs more studies with more follow up data.     

Ponseti casting: a new soft option

We have modified the Ponseti casting technique by using a below-knee Softcast instead of an above-knee plaster of Paris cast. Treatment was initiated as soon as possible after birth and the Pirani score was recorded at each visit. Following the manipulation techniques of Ponseti, a below-knee Softcast was applied directly over a stockinette for a snug fit and particular attention was paid to creating a deep groove above the heel to prevent slippage. If necessary, a percutaneous Achilles tenotomy was performed and casting continued until the child was fitted with Denis Browne abduction boots. Between April 2003 and May 2007 we treated 51 consecutive babies with 80 idiopathic club feet with a mean age at presentation of 4.5 weeks (4 days to 62 weeks). The initial mean Pirani score was 5.5 (3 to 6). It took a mean of 8.5 weeks (4 to 53) of weekly manipulation and casting to reach the stage of percutaneous Achilles tenotomy. A total of 20 feet (25%) did not require a tenotomy and for the 60 that did, the mean Pirani score at time of operation was 2.5 (0.5 to 3). Denis Browne boots were applied at a mean of 10 weeks (4 to 56) after presentation. The mean time from tenotomy to boots was 3.3 weeks (2 to 10). We experienced one case of cast-slippage during a period of non-attendance, which prolonged the casting process. One case of prolonged casting required repeated tenotomy, and three feet required repeated tenotomy and casting after relapsing while in Denis Browne boots. We believe the use of a below-knee Softcast in conjunction with Ponseti manipulation techniques shows promising initial results which are comparable to those using above-knee plaster of Paris casts.     

Ponseti method treatment of neglected idiopathic clubfoot:Preliminary results of a multi-center study in Nigeria

AIM To evaluate the effectiveness of the Ponseti method for initial correction of neglected clubfoot cases in multiple centers throughout Nigeria.METHODS Patient charts were reviewed through the International Clubfoot Registry for 12 different Ponseti clubfoot treatment centers and 328 clubfeet(225 patients) met inclusion criteria. All patients were treated by the method described by Ponseti including manipulation and casting with percutaneous Achilles tenotomy as needed.RESULTS A painless plantigrade foot was obtained in 255 feet(78%) without the need for extensive soft tissue release and/or bony procedures.CONCLUSION We conclude that the Ponseti method is a safe, effective and low-cost treatment for initial correction of neglected idiopathic clubfoot presenting after walking age. Longterm follow-up will be required to assess outcomes.     

The Influence of Achilles Tenotomy and Compliance with Foot Abduction Orthosis on the Relapse Rate of Ponseti Treatment for Idiopathic Clubfoot: A Regional Study

The Ponseti method for treating idiopathic clubfoot is based on gradual manipulations and corrective plaster castings followed by a years-long period of use of a foot orthosis. The role of surgery is limited. The factors that may affect outcome and their influence are subject of controversy. The aim of the study is to systematically and objectively evaluate the results of Ponseti treatment in our region of Southern Israel and focus on the role of the Achilles tenotomy and compliance to foot orthosis as factors that may influence outcome. The use of Ponseti method was retrospectively studied (level of evidence IV) by searching computerized medical files and clinical photos. The severity of deformity was evaluated by Dimeglio score (D-score) at baseline and at last examination. During 2006-2014, 57 children with idiopathic clubfoot (total 90 feet) were enrolled. An Achilles tenotomy was performed in 55/90 (61.1%) of the feet. If the D-score was 15 or higher there was a 20% increase in the incidence of Achilles tenotomy. The parental compliance had a weak protective effect against relapse. The treatment of idiopathic clubfoot by the Ponseti method was successful and reliable, proving efficiency and universality of the method. A dominant predictor for relapse was not seen. An incidental observation was that extended time in cast may buffer the adverse effects of low compliance rate. Although the initial severity, or compliance to braces are important, there may be other factors that affect the outcome such as, accuracy of the casting technique, time in the cast, access to a dedicated clubfoot clinic, cooperation with nurses and pediatricians, economic status that allows purchase of new generation of braces, cultural perception, and education level of the patient population are some examples.     

Does initial Pirani score and age influence number of Ponseti casts in children?

Purpose

The prediction of number of casts in the Ponseti method has always remained a subject of interest. We investigated the correlation of the number of casts before tenotomy with the age and initial Pirani score in Ponseti treatment of club foot.

Methods

Inclusion criteria were idiopathic clubfeet corrected by Ponseti method requiring tenotomy for equinus correction in children up to ten years of age. Defaulters (noncompliance with serial casting schedule), children with postural, non idiopathic, previously surgically treated, recurrent clubfoot and clubfoot not requiring tenotomy were not included in this study. Further, children who did not require tenotomy were also excluded. ANOVA regression analysis was used for finding correlation between initial Pirani score, age in months and number of corrective casts prior to tenotomy.

Results

There were a total of 297 children (442 feet) in the study. The average age of the child at presentation was 10.3 months and the average initial Pirani score was 4.8. The average number of corrective casts was seven per child (range, two to18). The regression analysis showed both Pirani and age had positive correlation with number of casts, although weak (r² = 0.05–0.20). The initial Pirani scoring correlated ten times more than age (in months) to the number of casts.

Conclusion

The number of casts for correction in idiopathic clubfoot, although variable, is influenced by both initial Pirani score and age.     

Confirmation of Tenotomy Healing at 3 Weeks Using the Ponseti Protocol

Percutaneous Achilles tenotomy is an integral key element of the Ponseti method in clubfoot management. The duration of posttenotomy casting has been empirical. Evidence-based duration of healing in Achilles tendon is required to objectively determine the period of posttenotomy casting. This study aims to use clinical and ultrasonographic methods to evaluate the mean duration of Achilles tendon gap (ATG) closure and the weekly percentage of feet that achieved ATG closure after tenotomy. Prospectively, 37 feet of 25 patients <5 years old with idiopathic clubfoot were managed using Ponseti methods. The Achilles tendon was assessed clinically and ultrasonographically before and after tenotomy. The tendon stump gap was created at tenotomy, and posttenotomy assessments were done on a weekly basis until tendon stump gap closure was achieved, with a minimum follow-up of 2 years. The immediate posttenotomy ultrasonographic mean tendon gap area was 5 ± 2.8 mm. The mean duration of the tendon stump gap closure as determined clinically was 1.9 ± 0.8 weeks, whereas it was 2.6 ± 0.9 weeks as assessed ultrasonographically (p < .001). The significant difference between clinical and ultrasound methods of assessing the Achilles tendon gap closure appears to establish casting removal and ambulatory walking at 3 weeks after tenotomy for <5-year-old children with idiopathic clubfoot treated with the Ponseti method. We recommend that the duration of posttenotomy cast should be 3 weeks based on the ultrasonographic findings.     

Outcome of Atypical & Complex Clubfoot Managed by Modified Ponseti Method—A Prospective Study

Atypical or complex clubfoot constitutes a small number of cases. Due to the difference in complexity of anatomy, standard deformity correction by Ponseti is not effective. Hence a modified Ponseti method was advised which focuses on deformity differences for treatment. We conducted a prospective study to analyze the outcome in atypical or complex clubfoot treated with the modified Ponseti method. All the children of age less than 1 year were included in the study with atypical or complex clubfoot. Every case was treated according to the modified Ponseti method and tenotomy. Pirani scores were measured at pretreatment, each visit, before application of a brace, and at the latest follow-up. Statistical analysis of all continuous and categorical variables was done. A total of 30 patients (47 feet) were included in the study. Mean Pirani score improved from 5.69 at presentation to 0.45 at time of brace application and latest follow-up 0.34 (p < .001). Six patients (9 feet) had a relapse which was managed with recasting. The mean Pirani score of relapse was 0.72, which after correction reduced to 0.11 (p = .008). Six patients had cast-related complications which were managed with conservative treatment. With an increase in popularity of the Ponseti method, a greater number of complex clubfoot cases are seen due to inadequate reduction or slippage of cast or improper cast application techniques. All these need to be identified at an early age. This helps in proper treatment and improves the quality of life as well as foot appearance.