骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者骨代谢水平与椎体愈合程度的相关性

目的 探讨骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者骨代谢水平与椎体愈合程度的相关性.方法 选取该院2017年12月至2020年12月共收治的80例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折且接受经皮穿刺椎体成形术的患者作为研究对象,依照椎体愈合情况将患者分为延迟组(n=23)和愈合组(n=57),对比两组患者的骨折愈合相关指标、骨密度情况以及骨代谢水平,并分析骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者骨代谢水平与椎体愈合程度的相关性.结果 延迟组患者伤椎高度恢复率、凸畸形角(Cobb角)、Oswestry功能障碍指数量表(OID)以及视觉模拟评分(VAS评分)明显高于愈合组(P<0.05);延迟组与愈合组患者大粗隆骨密度、腰椎L1～L4骨密度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);延迟组患者Ⅰ型胶原C端肽(CTX-Ⅰ)、全段甲状旁腺激素(iPTH)以及抗酒石酸盐酸性磷酸酶异构体5b(TRACP-5b)水平高于愈合组,骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BLAP)以及骨钙素(BGP)水平低于愈合组(P<0.05);Spearman相关分析结果显示:大粗隆骨密度、腰椎L1～L4骨密度与椎体愈合程度无明显相关性(P>0.05),CTX-Ⅰ、iPTH、TRACP-5b水平与椎体愈合程度呈负相关(P<0.05),BLAP、BGP水平与椎体愈合程度呈正相关(P<0.05).结论 骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者通过治疗后,愈合情况越好的患者伤椎高度恢复率、Cobb角、ODI以及VAS评分越低,且患者的骨代谢水平与愈合程度具有明显相关性,因此可通过对患者骨代谢水平的检测评价骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者的术后恢复情况.     

老年脑梗死患者恢复期抑郁与认知和神经功能障碍的关系

目的:探讨首次发作的老年脑梗死患者恢复期抑郁与认知和神经功能障碍的关系,为恢复期脑梗死患者的康复干预提供理论依据。方法:对出院3个月的老年脑梗死患者87例行汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD、简易智力状况检查MMSE和改良爱丁堡-斯堪的那维亚量)()表SSS)评定,以HAMD总分20分为界限分为抑郁组(n=36)和非抑郁(组(n=51),评估两组患者的抑郁程度,认知和神经功能缺损程度。结果:抑郁组HAMD总分(26.97±5.94)高于非抑郁组(11.96±3.03),各因子分也高于非抑郁组,差异均有显著性意义(P=0.000)。两组脑梗死灶数量、两组左侧、右侧及双侧梗死比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。抑郁组MMSE总分(19.64±5.22)低于非抑郁组(25.84±4.77);抑郁组SSS总分18.58±8.00)高于非抑郁组7.57±5.26),差异均有显著((性意义(P=0.000)。HAMD总分、因子分与MMSE总分呈负相关(r=-0.658～-0.248),与SSS总分呈正相关(r=0.275～0.728)。结论:恢复期老年脑梗死患者抑郁与认知障碍和神经功能障碍有关。     

探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的护理疗效

目的:研究骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者在经皮椎体成形术治疗期间进行护理干预的效果。方法:随机抽取60例骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者将其纳入研究调查范围,其均在2018年6月至2019年12月入院接受诊治,使用随机、双盲方法分组,分别采用加强护理干预(观察组,n=30)与常规护理(对照组,n=30)开展工作,对比两组患者护理效果。结果:干预前两组的椎体高度和Cobb’角均基本一致(P>0.05),干预后观察组的椎体高度和Cobb’角均明显优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组出现并发症例数为2例,对照组为8例,组间数据有统计差异(P<0.05)。结论:护理干预对骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折在手术治疗期间发挥的积极价值较大。     

不同黏度的骨水泥椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的疗效对比

[目的]探讨不同黏度的骨水泥椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折的疗效.[方法]选取宝鸡市第二中医医院收治的老年骨质疏松椎体压缩性骨折患者97例,根据术中所用骨水泥黏度不同分为观察组(n=54)和对照组(n=43),对照组予以低黏度骨水泥经皮椎体成形术(PVP),观察组予高黏度骨水泥PVP,对比两组患者临床及影像学...     

经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者的效果分析

目的 观察经皮椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者的效果。方法 选取2020年1月—2023年1月在山东省沂南县人民医院确诊的老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者98例,根据手术方式不同分为两组,A组(n=50)行经皮椎体成形术,B组(n=48)行经皮椎体后凸成形术。比较两组患者手术效果。结果 两组患者手术时间、骨水泥量、住院时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。B组术中发生骨水泥渗透1例,渗漏率(2.08%),A组术中发生骨水泥渗透7例,渗漏率(14.00%),B组骨水泥渗漏率明显低于A组,差异有统计学意义(χ²=4.639,P=0.031)。术前,两组患者的疼痛评分、伤椎Cobb角比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后3个月,B组患者疼痛评分明显低于A组,伤椎Cobb角明显小于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折在改善疼痛及改善预后方面,具有优势。     

椎体成形术与椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折的效果比较

目的分析椎体成形术(PVP)与椎体后凸成形术(PKP)治疗骨质疏松性压缩性骨折的临床效果。方法选取2015年1月至2018年1月在中国人民解放军联勤保障部队第九八九医院接受治疗的骨质疏松性压缩性骨折患者80例为研究对象,通过抛硬币法将患者分为对照组(采用PVP,n=52)与观察组(采用PKP,n=28),比较分析两组患者治疗效果、手术时间、骨水泥注射量、Cobb角、ODI指数、VAS评分。结果治疗前,对照组视觉模拟(VAS)评分与观察组比较,差异未见统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后,观察组VAS评分为(1.4±0.1)分,对照组为(2.6±0.3)分,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组手术时间与骨水泥注射量明显高于对照组(P0.05),椎体Cobb角、ODI评分均明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论与PVP比较,在骨质疏松性压缩性骨折中,虽然PKP手术时间较长、骨水泥注射量较多,但该治疗方法效果更好,能有效缓解患者痛苦,促进患者早日康复,应用价值显著。     

成人下颈椎椎体与关节突关节倾角的X射线测量数据

背景:颈椎关节突关节倾角的文献多采用X射线侧位片椎体下缘线测量法,结果有较明显差异.对不同节段关节突关节倾角差异及因年龄的结构退行性变对其影响的研究较少.目的:测量成人下颈椎(C<3～7>)关节突关节的倾角,并探讨年龄因素对倾角的影响.设计、时间及地点:随机分组,测量实验,于2007-03/06在汕头大学医学院附属粤北人民医院完成.对象:选取2000-01/2006-12汕头大学医学院附属粤北人民医院骨科120例成年人颈椎侧位X射线平片,男58例,女62例;年龄16～75岁.方法:120例成人颈椎侧位X射线平片按年龄分为3组:16～30岁组(n=38),31～50岁组(n=43),51～75岁组(n=39).以传统的椎体下缘线和自行设计的椎体中线方法测量C<3,7>关节突关节倾角,比较2种方法不同年龄段的测量数据.主要观察指标:椎体下缘线法和椎体中线法测量致椎C<3～7>关节突关节倾角数值.结果:①两种方法测量的下颈椎关节突关节倾角在30°～72°,各节段均值均大于50°,以C5为中心分布,C7>C3>C4>C6>C5.②两种方法测量的倾角均随年龄增大而减小,C5变化最明显.16～30岁组各节段关节突关节倾角差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05);椎体下缘线法测量31～50岁组C4～C6节段关节突关节倾角小于椎体中线法(P<0.01);在51～75岁组,椎体下缘线法测量C3～C6节段关节突关节倾角小于椎体中线法(P<0.05～0.01).结论:两种方法测量的倾角均随年龄增大而减小,椎体中线法受颈椎年龄因素退变的影响较小,是相对客观的一种测量方法.     

复合rhBMP-2的注射型磷酸钙人工骨在椎体成形术中的应用及生物力学评价

目的　通过将复合有重组人类骨形态发生蛋白 2 (rhBMP 2 )的注射型磷酸钙人工骨 (rhBMP 2 /CPC)应用于体外经皮椎体成形术 (PVP)实验中 ,观察并评价其生物力学性能 ,以探寻rhBMP 2 /CPC能否有效替代聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA)而应用于PVP手术。方法　选取 6具尸体脊柱标本 (T8～L5)并测试骨密度 ,然后将其游离成 60个椎体并随机分为 4组 :I组为空白对照组 (n =3 0 ) ;II组为PMMA组 (n =10 ) ;III组为CPC组 (n =10 ) ;IV组为rhBMP 2 /CPC组 (n =10 )。在“C”形臂X线机导引下 ,II～IV组椎体经双侧椎弓根分别充填PMMA、CPC及rhBMP 2 /CPC ;在万能材料实验机上将所有椎体压缩至原始高度的 5 0 % ,测得最大载荷及刚度 ;随后将I组再进一步划分为IA、IB及IC组 ,分别充填PMMA、CPC及rhBMP 2 /CPC ,按前述加载方法再次压缩至充填后椎体高度的 5 0 %。结果　实验开始前 ,各组椎体BMD为 ( 0 .3 10～ 0 .689)g/cm2 ,高度为 ( 1.64～ 3 .0 9)cm (组间比较 ,均P >0 .0 5 )。IA、IB及IC组充填后椎体前缘高度分别增加 ( 0 .16±0 .0 5 )cm ,( 0 .18± 0 .0 7)cm和 ( 0 .2 1± 0 .0 9)cm ,与充填前比较 ,差异无显著性意义 (均P >0 .0 5 )。材料充填量方面 :IA组是 ( 2 .8± 0 .7)ml,IB组是 ( 2 .3± 0 .3 )ml,IC组是 ( 2     

后入路椎弓根钉不同节段固定治疗重度胸腰段脊柱骨折的临床观察

[目的]探讨后入路椎弓根钉不同节段固定治疗重度胸腰段脊柱骨折的临床效果.[方法]回顾性分析本院2012年1月至2014年12月收治的67例重度胸腰段脊柱骨折的临床资料,根据术式不同分为观察组(n =36)和对照组(n =31),对照组行短节段后入路椎弓根钉内固定治疗,观察组行长节段内固定治疗.比较两组患者的手术情况及神经功能、椎体前缘压缩度、Cobb角.[结果]观察组手术时间为(158.7±33.9)min,明显长于(113.6±24.2)min(P＜0.05);术中出血量为(386.4±122.9)mL,明显多于对照组(183.7±57.8)mL(P＜0.05);术后3个月,两组患者脊髓神经功能Frankel分级均明显提高(P＜0.05),但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后12个月,两组患者椎体前缘压缩度、Cobb角均明显优于术前(P＜0.05);观察组术后Cobb角、Cobb角矫正率、Cobb角矫正丢失度、椎体前缘矫正丢失度均明显低于对照组,椎体前缘压缩度、椎体前缘压缩矫正率均明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).[结论]长节段后入路椎弓根钉内固定术可有效矫正重度胸腰段脊柱骨折患者后凸畸形,恢复椎体高度,并有效预防远期矫正丢失,值得临床推广应用.     

不同性别Singh指数与双能X射线骨密度仪测量骨密度的相关性

背景:Singh指数和骨密度测量是临床常用来了解骨强度及骨质疏松情况的方法,而二者之间的相关性及其性别差异性未见报道.目的:了解Singh指数与双能X射线骨密度仪测量骨密度在不同性别的相关性.方法:取股骨颈骨折行假体置换患者股骨颈标本42份,将42份标本按性别分组采用双能X射线骨密度仪测量体外股骨颈骨密度值;对术前X射线片进行Singh指数分级,了解Singh指数与骨密度的双变骨量相关性.结果与结论:男性Singh指数与骨密度的双变骨量相关性分析结果显示,Spearman相关指数r=0.646,P=0.002,二者有非常显著的相关性,并且男性骨密度值与Singh指数有正相关性,根据二者的检查结果可初步判断患者骨质疏松情况;女性Singh指数与骨密度的双变骨量相关性分析结果显示,Spearman相关指数r=0.304,P<0.181,二者无统计学上的相关性,说明女性患者因绝经后骨质疏松加剧,骨密度值与Singh指数相关性不明确,临床治疗时需根据个体情况采用不同治疗方法.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征患者氧合的影响

目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高＜20％视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P＜0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P＜0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P＜0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.     

Digital imaging among medical facilities

The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.     

Myocardial elastography at both high temporal and spatial resolution for the detection of infarcts

Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.     

Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Morphine

Morphine, the most widely used mu-opioid analgesic for acute and chronic pain, is the standard against which new analgesics are measured. A thorough understanding of the pharmacokinetics of morphine is required in order to safely and effectively use this analgesic in a wide variety of patients with different levels of organ function. A MEDLINE search was conducted to identify literature published between 1966 and January 2002 relevant to the pharmacokinetics of morphine. These publications were reviewed and the literature summarized regarding unique and clinically important elements of morphine disposition relative to its parenteral administration (including intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, epidural and intrathecal administration), absorption profile (immediate release, controlled release, and sublingual/buccal, and rectal administration), distribution, and its metabolism/ excretion. Special populations, including infants, elderly, and those with renal/liver failure, have a unique morphine pharmacokinetic profile that must be taken into account in order to maximize analgesic efficacy and reduce the risk of adverse events.