胃癌中MTS1基因异常甲基化的研究

【目的】探讨多肿瘤抑制基因 (multipletumorsuppressorgene 1,MTS1) 5′端CpG岛异常甲基化与原发性胃癌发病机制之间的关系。【方法】PCR 甲基化检测法研究 31例胃癌标本和 19例正常胃组织中MTS1基因 5′端CpG岛异常甲基化情况。【结果】有 35 5 % (11/ 31)的胃癌标本和 5 3 % (1/ 19)正常胃组织出现MTS1基因 5′端CpG岛异常甲基化 ,两者之间有显著性差异 (P <0 0 5 )。【结论】MTS1基因 5′端CpG岛异常甲基化是其在原发性胃癌中的主要灭活机制 ,与胃癌的发生发展密切相关。     

B细胞淋巴瘤SHP-1基因甲基化状态及其意义

 【目的】探讨JAK/STAT信号转导途径负调控子SHP-1基因启动子区域CpG岛异常甲基化在B细胞淋巴瘤中的意义。【方法】收集存档石蜡包埋组织标本61例(52例B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤标本,9例良性增生淋巴结标本),健康人外周血单个核细胞DNA标本15例,用甲基化特异性PCR(methylation-specific PCR,MSP)和非甲基化特异性PCR(unmethylation-specific PCR,un-MSP)检测SHP-1启动子区域CpG岛甲基化状态,MSP、un-MSP和RT-PCR方法分别检测接受或未接受去甲基化处理的Burkitt淋巴瘤细胞系Raji的甲基化状态及mRNA的表达,MTT法检测接受去甲基化干预后细胞生长受抑情况。【结果】SHP-1基因启动子区域在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤和滤泡性淋巴瘤甲基化频率分别为94%及97%,对照组9例淋巴结良性增生标本和15例正常人外周血单个核细胞标本中SHP-1基因启动子区域甲基化频率为0。经去甲基化干预后,Raji细胞SHP-1基因启动子区域呈去甲基化状态,基因恢复表达,细胞生长受到抑制。【结论】SHP-1基因启动子区域启动子区域CpG岛在B细胞淋巴瘤中存在高度甲基化，由其所致的SHP-1基因沉默可能是B细胞淋巴瘤发生的一个重要因素，SHP-1基因的甲基化可作为一个良好的分子诊断标记及可能的治疗靶点。     

B细胞淋巴瘤SHP-1基因甲基化状态及其意义

【目的】探讨JAK／STAT信号转导途径负调控子SHP-1基因启动子区域CpG岛异常甲基化在B细胞淋巴瘤中的意义。【方法】收集存档石蜡包埋组织标本61例（S2例B细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤标本，9例良性增生淋巴结标本），健康人外周血单个核细胞DNA标本15例，用甲基化特异性PCR（methyhfion—specmc PCR，MSP）和非甲基化特异性PCR（unmethylation—specific PCR，an—MSP）检测SHP-1启动子区域CpG岛甲基化状态，MSP、un—MSP和RT—PCR方法分别检测接受或未接受去甲基化处理的Burkitt淋巴瘤细胞系Raii的甲基化状态及mRNA的表达，MTr法检测接受去甲基化干预后细胞生长受抑情况。【结果】SHP-1基因启动子区域在弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤和滤泡性淋巴瘤甲基化频率分别为94％及97％。对照组9例淋巴结良性增生标本和15例正常人外周血单个核细胞标本中SHP-1基因启动子区域甲基化频率为0。经去甲基化干预后，Raji细胞SHP-1基因启动子区域呈去甲基化状态，基因恢复表达，细胞生长受到抑制。【结论】SHP-1基因启动子区域启动子区域CpG岛在B细胞淋巴瘤中存在高度甲基化，由其所致的SHP-1基因沉默可能是B细胞淋巴瘤发生的一个重要因素，SHP-1基因的甲基化可作为一个良好的分子诊断标记及可能的治疗靶点。     

前列腺癌组织中谷胱甘肽S-转移酶P1基因启动子区域甲基化序列分析

目的:研究前列腺癌(prostate carcinoma,PCa)组织中谷胱甘肽S-转移酶P1 (glutathione S-transferase P1,GSTP1)基因启动子区域CpG岛甲基化状态,探索前列腺癌早期诊断的检测方法.方法:采用巢式甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应(nest methylation-specific PCR,NMSP)和基因克隆测序的方法检测31例前列腺癌组织、18例前列腺增生 (benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH) 组织和3例正常前列腺(normal prostate,NP)组织中GSTP1基因启动子区域CpG岛的甲基化状态.结果:NMSP结果显示在PCa、BPH以及NP组中甲基化阳性率分别为83%、0%和0%;测序结果中PCa与BPH、NP组CG位点甲基化发生率分别为96%、34%和37%(P<0.01),BPH和NP组无统计学差异(P>0.05).联合NMSP筛查前列腺癌明显优于单纯前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen,PSA)检测.结论:在前列腺癌组织中GSTP1基因启动子区域CpG岛呈现超甲基化的状态,应用NMSP方法对GSTP1基因进行甲基化检测具有高灵敏度和高特异性的特点,这有望成为新的前列腺癌早期筛选和诊断的检测方法.     

SOCS-3基因在结肠癌中的表达及甲基化测定

目的通过对细胞因子信号转导抑制因子-3（suppressor of cytokine siganaling-3,SOCS-3）基因在结肠癌和癌旁组织中的表达及其启动子甲基化状态的测定,探讨其与结肠癌发生、发展和转移等的关系。方法收集40例结肠癌患者的肿瘤标本,20例癌旁组织以及10例正常结肠组织．运用甲基化特异性PCR测定SOCS-3基因CpG岛甲基化状态,同时运用实时定量PCR分析SOCS-3基因在结肠癌组织中的表达水平。结果40例结肠癌组织中有34例（85％）存在SOCS-3基因CpG岛的异常甲基化,癌旁组织中为2例（10％）,而正常结肠组织中没有检测到SOCS-3基因呈CpG岛甲基化;结肠癌组织中SOCS-3基因CpG岛甲基化组与无甲基化组相比．其SOCS-3基因的相对表达量明显减少（P〈0．05）,表明SOCS-3基因CpG岛甲基化可导致SOCS-3基因表达降低。与患者临床资料结合分析,发现SOCS-3基因CpG岛甲基化与性别、年龄无关（P〉0．05）,而与肿瘤病理分级和TNM分期有关（P〈0．05）。结论结肠癌中存在SOCS-3基因CpG岛异常甲基化,且因CpG岛的甲基化导致其基因表达降低。SOCS-3基因CpG岛甲基化可能参与了结肠癌的发生、发展和转移。     

胰腺癌中人RUNT相关转录因子3基因启动子区甲基化及其临床意义

目的检测胰腺癌人RUNT相关转录因子3(RUNX3)基因启动子的甲基化情况并探讨其临床意义。方法采用甲基化特异性聚合酶链式反应(MSP)检测56例胰腺癌组织及癌旁组织、14例正常胰腺组织、3株人胰腺癌细胞株(PANC1、CFPAC-1、SW1990)、1株正常肝细胞株(HL-7702)中RUNX3基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化状态。检测用甲基化抑制剂5-氮杂-2’-脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-cdR)处理前后胰腺癌细胞株RUNX3 mRNA的表达。分析RUNX3异常甲基化与胰腺癌临床特征的关系。结果56例胰腺癌组织中,51.79%(29/56)存在RUNX3基因启动子区CpG岛的异常甲基化,癌旁胰腺组织有10.7%(6/56)存在异常甲基化,而正常胰腺组织中未检测到RUNX3基因异常甲基化。RUNX3基因异常甲基化与患者病理分化程度(r=0.314,P=0.018)、淋巴结转移(r=0.370,P=0.005)显著相关。在5-Aza-cdR处理前,胰腺癌细胞株PANC1、CFPAC-1、SW1990的RUNX3 mRNA无表达或低表达,经5-Aza-cdR处理后各胰腺癌细胞株RUNX3 mRNA恢复表达。结论胰腺癌组织及胰腺癌细胞株均存在RUNX3基因CpG岛异常甲基化;RUNX3启动子的高甲基化与其基因表达降低有关,与胰腺癌组织分化程度、淋巴结转移相关。     

CITED2基因CpG岛甲基化与先天性心脏病的关系

目的 研究先天性心脏病患儿CITED2基因启动子区CpG岛的甲基化情况,并探讨其在该病发病中所起的作用.方法 收集43例先天性心脏病患儿及2例意外死亡儿童右心耳组织,对CITED2基因进行突变筛查,同时利用生物信息学筛选,分别用亚硫酸氢盐修饰结合测序(BSP)及甲基化特异性PCR (MSP)检测CITED2基因启动子区CpG岛的甲基化情况,并运用实时荧光定量PCR检测CITED2基因mRNA的表达.结果 先天性心脏病组启动子区存在4例杂合子突变(均为-341 T＞G),此突变对CITED2基因mRNA的表达无影响.其中BSP法成功检测到先天性心脏病组甲基化阳性率为83.3％(10/12),MSP法分析发现甲基化阳性率为84.2％(16/19),同时CITED2基因异常甲基化使其mRNA的表达明显减低(P＜0.05).结论 先天性心脏病中存在CITED2基因CpG岛的异常甲基化,此甲基化下调了CITED2基因mRNA的表达.     

Maspin在大肠癌中的表达及其启动子5'CpG岛甲基化状态的研究

目的探讨Maspin基因启动子5′CpG岛异常甲基化及蛋白表达与大肠癌及其临床病理特征的关系。方法采用甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)和免疫组织化学方法分别检测91例大肠癌组织及91例癌旁组织中Maspin基因的5′CpG岛甲基化和蛋白表达。结果大肠癌和癌旁组织中,Maspin蛋白表达率分别为72.5%,92.3%,CpG岛甲基化率分别为20.9%,9.9%,两者差异均有显著性(P<0.01,P<0.05)。肿瘤组织中的Maspin蛋白表达与大肠癌分化程度、Duke’s分期及浸润深度相关,Maspin甲基化与大肠癌的Duke’s分期及浸润深度相关。大肠癌Maspin蛋白阳性与阴性表达的组织之间,CpG岛甲基化率的差异有显著性(P<0.01)。结论Maspin基因异常甲基化是其蛋白表达缺失的主要原因之一,并在大肠癌的发生发展中起重要作用。     

新疆哈萨克族食管癌FHIT基因和MGMT基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化程度及临床意义

目的:探讨哈萨克族食管癌组织中抑癌基因脆性组氨酸三联体(FHIT)基因和O6-甲基鸟嘌呤-DNA甲基转移酶(MGMT)基因启动子区CpG岛异常甲基化程度与食管癌发生的关系。方法:选取30对哈萨克族食管癌组织及癌旁远端正常组织,应用测序法检测食管癌组织与癌旁远端正常组织FHIT和MGMT基因启动子区CpG岛甲基化情况,比较癌组织和正常组织FHIT基因CPG岛9个位点和MGMT基因CPG岛20个位点的甲基化程度。结果:FHIT基因启动子区CpG岛中1、6、8位点(P1=0. 025,P6=0. 013,P8=0. 031)癌组织甲基化程度高于正常组织,MGMT基因启动子区CpG岛中8位点(P8=0. 035)癌组织甲基化程度高于正常组织,差异具有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。结论:哈萨克族食管癌患者癌组织中FHIT基因和MGMT基因的甲基化程度均高于正常组织,提示FHIT基因和MGMT基因启动子区的异常甲基化可能与哈萨克族食管癌的发生有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.