铜陵县1990～1999年急性血吸虫病调查分析

为了解铜陵县急性血吸虫病 (简称急血 )流行规律并为制订防治策略提供依据 ,对本县 1990～ 1999年发生的 35 3例急血病例资料进行统计分析。1　调查方法对本县 1990～ 1999年的 35 3例急血病例进行个案调查 ,并建立个案调查卡。对照国家标准《日本血吸虫病诊断标准和处理》对每份个案卡进行审核。并按病例所在流行区进行分类 ,同时收集相应年份的螺情数据 ,进行对比分析。2　结果2 .1　人群分布2 .1.1　性别及年龄分布男性 2 89例 ,女性 6 4例 ,男女比例为 4.5∶ 1;年龄 <7岁 12例 ,7～ 15岁 12 3例 ,16～ 5 0岁 2 12例 ,>5 0岁 6例。 7～ 1…     

1999～2001年彭州市血吸虫病传播控制监测结果

彭州市是四川省血吸虫病重流行县(市)之一.经过几十年的防治,到1998年达到国家血吸虫病传播控制标准,1999～2001年,我市继续巩固血吸虫病防治成果,积极开展监测工作.现将3年监测结果报告如下.     

高邮湖洪涝期间渔船民血吸虫病血清学检测分析

20 0 3年,淮河流域遭受特大洪涝灾害。高邮湖作为淮河入江水道的组成部分,经受了自195 4年以来最严重的水灾。为了解洪涝对高邮湖区内作业人员血吸虫感染情况的影响,我们于2 0 0 3年7～8月,对金湖县境内在高邮湖从事养殖、运输的渔船民进行了血清学调查。1　流行概况金湖县属血     

长春市1995—1999年布氏菌病防治情况调查

近些年来,随着市场经济的快速发展,我市养殖户明显增多,个别县（市）、区出现了人间、畜间布氏菌病（以下简称布病）的传播,影响了当地的经济发展和人民群众的身体健康,为深入了解布病疫情的有关情况,总结布病防治经验,更好地落实布病防治措施。２０００年８～９月,对长春市近５年布病防治工作情况进行了调查。１资料与方法 按２０００年８月长春市地方病防治办公室下发的“关于开展布病调查工作的通知”要求,在全市范围内对与布病防治有关情况进行了调查。 长春市地方病防治办公室设计印刷了与布病防治有关的表格、调查提纲,请１…     

鄱阳湖都昌县洪涝对血吸虫病流行影响调查

1998年，鄱阳湖区受内涝和长江洪峰的双重影响，遭受了百年不遇的洪涝灾害。为探讨洪涝对该血吸虫病疫区的影响和危害程度，灾后，我们在鄱阳湖都昌县及时组织并选择具有代表性的3个不同类型流行村，进行了灾情与疫情的跟踪调查，对此分析了受灾前后的疫情变化情况，现将结果报告如下。1调查内容与方法1．1调查对象选择由世界银行贷款中国血吸虫病控制项目（简称血防世行贷款项目）确定的1层（洲岛型）、2层（垸内型）、3层（垸内型）流行村各1个，作为观察点。并记录洪涝期间水位及统计3个村受灾情况。1．2资料来源1．ZI灾前疫情2个村（1…     

黄山市1999～2002年血吸虫病监测报告

安徽黄山市于1993年达到消灭血吸虫病标准,进入监测巩固阶段。1994～1998年,按照世界银行贷款中国控制血吸虫病项目要求开展监测,积累了符合本地实际的监测经验。贷款项目结束后,我们根据安徽省血吸虫病分类防治方案要求,结合本市实际制订监测方案,并随着工作的开展,不断调整监测重点。1999～2002年的监测情况如下。     

1999年全国血吸虫病疫情通报

1　 1 999年全国血吸虫病分布1 999年全国流行血吸虫病的 1 2个省 (市 )中 ,共有地区、地级市 1 63个 ,其中 87个为血吸虫病流行区。 1 2个省 (市 )共有 1 2 1 3个县 ,40 9个为血吸虫病流行县。其中 2 38个已经达到传播阻断 ,56个达到传播控制 ,目前血吸虫病疫情未控制的县为 1 1 5个。1 1 5个疫情未控制县主要分布在湖沼地区和山区 ,其中湖北省为 32个、湖南省 2 1个、江苏省 1 5个、安徽省 1 4个、江西省 1 1个、四川省 1 7个 ,云南省 5个。上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西 5个省、市、区均已达到传播阻断标准。1 999年全国共报告血吸虫病病…     

1992-1999年常德市136个流行村血吸虫病监测报告

目的 探讨常德市1992－1999年血吸虫病流行情况。方法 在高、中度流行村用Kato-Katz法、在低度流行村用IHA检查居民，耕牛进行粪便孵化及Kato-Katz法定量检测，对捕捉到的钉螺进行解剖。结果 各流行村与1989年相比，居民和耕牛的粪便阳性率均有不同程度下降，感染螺密度下降明显。结论 应继续实施疾病监测，强化质量控制，加强流动人口的监测，防止血吸虫病向城市蔓延。     

七里村1996-1999年血吸虫病防治效果观察

为探索有效控制江滩地区血吸虫病流行的防治对策 ,按照江苏省“九五”血吸虫病防治试点规划要求 ,选择南京市八卦洲七里村为江滩地区血吸虫病防治对策试点 ,于1 996-1 999年采用易感地带灭螺、高危人畜化疗等综合性防治措施 ,取得了一定效果。现将结果报告如下 :1　内容与方法1 .1　试区概况七里村位于长江下游的江心洲上 ,沿江圩外江滩面积2 2 0万 m2 ,滩地平均高程 7.2 m～ 8.2 m,呈冬陆夏水。主要植被有芦、草等 ,长期有钉螺孳生。全村 1 4个村民组 ,总人口 2 3 80人。居民主要从事玉米、棉花、小麦等旱作物耕种 ,并兼有捕鱼、打草、放牧…     

Schistosomiasis in two Nile delta villages: an anthropological perspective

In the rapidly changing Nile delta villages, applied research for schistosomiasis control requires a holistic view of the social and environmental setting of the disease. An interdisciplinary, participatory study of two delta villages studied human behaviour in relation to disease transmission, knowledge and treatment using the insights and methods of social science, especially anthropology. Through primarily qualitative techniques such as focus group discussions and participant observation, we found that most people who used the canals for domestic, recreational or agricultural activities thought that they had little alternative but to do so, even though they knew of the risk of exposure to schistosomiasis. The knowledge and behaviour of villagers with regard to schistosomiasis affected their utilization of the local provisions for schistosomiasis diagnosis and treatment. Our monitoring of diagnosis and testing for schistosomiasis at a local health centre identified areas which could be upgraded, and we trained health staff to improve their knowledge of schistosomiasis. Our findings reinforce the need for integrated research and implementation strategies, taking into account the knowledge and capabilities of all those involved in schistosomiasis control at the village level, and the fostering of effective communication between villagers, both women and men, and the local staff in rural health centres.     

葛洲坝库区2个血吸虫病流行村15年病情监测

葛洲坝库区血吸虫流行区有 2处 ,即长江南岸点军区点军乡的紫阳村 (葛洲坝库区右岸 )和长江北岸伍家区伍家乡的共联村。钉螺分布以长江小支流为主。两处疫区总人数 40 0 0余人 ,有螺面积为 5 9万 m2 ,病人数为 2 94人 ,急性感染 2 6人 ,病牛 1 85头 ,无晚期病人。 1 984年达到血吸虫病传播阻断标准。为了巩固血防成果 ,从 1 985年开始到 1 999年对原疫区和输入性血吸虫病人进行了系统的监测 ,现将监测结果报告如下 :1　方法主要采取免疫学查病方法 ,5种免疫学方法阳性标准 :(1 )皮内试验 (ID) :丘疹最大直径扩大至 0 .8cm,即净扩大 0 .3 cm…     

Schistosomiasis screening and health education for children: action research in Nile delta villages

In Egypt an important component of the national schistosomiasis control policy is the regular screening of school children through the rural health units. In the Nile delta, a major challenge for the programme is the increasing predominance of Schistosoma mansoni , as compared to Schistosoma haematobium over the past 20 years, and the need to adjust strategies to this new reality. The action research project, growing out of an in-depth study of schistosomiasis in two Nile delta villages, is intended to provide recommendations for schistosomiasis control to the Egyptian Ministry of Health and Population. This paper explores the practice of school-based screening. We then describe the designing and testing of a revised screening procedure, which focuses on the collection of stool specimens to diagnose S. mansoni and which is comprehensive and gender-sensitive. Opportunities for health education are discussed briefly, as this is necessary for an effective screening procedure and to prevent reinfection. In conclusion, we mention the need to incorporate screening and health education into an integrated control strategy.     

Evaluation of the 1992-1999 World Bank Schistosomiasis Control Project in China

The 1992-1999 World Bank Schistosomiasis Control Project in China contributed significantly to the disease control with its specific strategy and approach. An evaluation was made in this paper based on project control and surveillance data collected from all project provinces systematically year by year. Several indicators were computed, comparison was made using the 1989 survey data as the baseline, and correlation analysis was carried out on prevalence in humans, prevalence in cattle and buffaloes and infection rate of snails. From 1992 to 1998, the overall prevalence in human population, prevalence in children aged 7-14 and prevalence in cattle and buffaloes decreased by 5.74, 59.55 and 62.30%, respectively. Snail areas increased by 14.85% throughout the project period, while snail infection rate and density of infected snails decreased by 68.75 and 44.95%. Hubei province was among all eight provinces the most impressive in schistosomiasis control during the project. Results show that coverage of chemotherapy was among other factors the most directly-related to the prevalence in humans. The drug for chemotherapy-praziquantel was effective for new cases rather than reinfection. As to the overall achievement, most of the objectives set for the project had been achieved, especially the decrease in prevalence, in both human population and cattle and buffaloes. However, the achievement of snail control was not so ideal, which calls for rectification for a more applicable and practical strategy of snail control in China.     

Apoptosis: a mechanism of immunoregulation during human Schistosomiasis mansoni

People infected with schistosomes may present with a variety of clinical manifestations ranging from the relatively asymptomatic intestinal (INT) form to the hepatointestinal (HI) or hepatosplenic (HS) forms characterized by hepatomegaly and hepatosplenomegaly with severe portal hypertension, respectively. Flow cytometry analyses were used to evaluate the contribution of apoptosis in specific cell populations from schistosomiasis patients to the development of the different clinical forms of the disease. The results showed that cell death induced by combinations of specific antigen and cytokines corresponds with specific clinical presentations. It was shown that soluble egg antigen (SEA) increased the level of apoptosis only in T cells from INT patients. Stimulation with soluble lung worm antigen preparation (SLAP) did not induce significant differences in the levels of apoptosis in T cells from the patients with the different clinical forms of schistosomiasis. These results suggest for the first time that apoptosis plays an important role in the modulation of the anti-SEA response in INT patients.     

广汉市双泉乡血吸虫病疫情4年监测分析

为掌握我市血吸虫病的流行现状，疫情动态和流行趋势的变化，为国家在制定血防规划和决策中提供科学依据。我市按全国血吸虫病疫情监测方案，已连续对双泉乡进行了4年监测，现将结果报告于后：     

西昌市高视乡3个村血吸虫病流行病学调查

目的为了准确掌握高视乡的陈所、中所、张林村血吸虫病流行现况,制定切实可行的防治措施。方法以陈所、中所、张林村为调查点,对5~65岁村民采用血清循环抗原筛查,阳性者大便孵化。对各村历史有螺的环境采用系统抽样结合环境抽查。结果3个村共检3160人,血阳217人,阳性率6·87%,粪检209人,粪阳2人,感染率0·96%。查出钉螺面积78810m2,活螺密度2·58只/框(每框=0·11m2),未见感染性钉螺。结论调查结果表明3个村的螺情,病情得到了有效控制,尚需继续加强传染源的监测,控制螺情,巩固防治成果。     

武汉市1991-2000年血吸虫病疫情分析

武汉市地处长江中游 ,辖 1 2个城区和 1个经济开发区 ,总人口 74 0万 ,除桥口、江汉区为无钉螺无病外 ,其它各区均有钉螺和病人。有螺行政村 2 1 7个 ,疫区受威胁人口 84 75 1 3人。 1 0年累计有螺面积 1 4 .83亿 m2 ,累计血吸虫病病人 92 334人 ,累计病牛 1 4 84 7头 ,属血吸虫病重疫区。现将 1 991 -2 0 0 0年的疫情分析如下。1　疫情变化1 .1　钉螺面积2 0 0 0年全市尚有钉螺面积 1 .36亿 m2 ,其中垸外1 .32亿 m2 (占 97.2 % ) ,垸内 386万 m2 (占 2 .8% )。分布于江河湖滩 1 .0 7亿 m2 ;芦苇滩地 2 387.5万 m2 ;沟港1 1 4 .9万 m2 ;坑塘…     

汉寿县白鹤洲村傍堤建镇3年血吸虫病疫情试点观察

目的探讨湖区傍堤建镇对血吸虫病流行因素的影响。方法试点纵向观察血吸虫病病情、螺情及居民行为方式的变化。结果居民行为方式发生改变 ,捕鱼、捞虾、放牧人员有增加趋势 ;人群粪检阳性率由 1 999年的 4 .2 5 %上升到 2 0 0 1年的 5 .6 2 % ,牛的感染率在 1 0 %左右徘徊 ;垸外感染螺密度仍维持较高水平。结论湖区傍堤建镇 ,血吸虫病疫情有上升的态势 ,必须加强傍堤建镇区的防治力度 ,搞好血防配套工程