取髂骨植骨加桡骨茎突切除结合HCS固定治疗陈旧性腕舟骨腰部骨折的疗效分析

目的 探讨利用取髂骨植骨加桡骨茎突切除结合HCS固定治疗陈旧性腕舟骨腰部骨折的术后疗效.方法 采用上述方法治疗13例陈旧性腕舟骨腰部骨折.结果 本组获8～22个月的随访,13例骨折均愈合,腕关节平均屈曲70°,背伸50°,Krimmer腕关节评分平均为80分.结论 和用取髂骨植骨加桡骨茎突切除结合HCS固定治疗陈旧性腕舟骨腰部骨折取得了良好的疗效.     

带血管蒂骨膜移植治疗腕舟骨近端骨不连

目的：评价带血管蒂骨膜瓣移植治疗腕舟骨折端骨不连的疗效。方法：以带桡动脉茎突返支桡骨骨膜移植治疗22例腕舟骨折端骨不连。通过平均13个月的随访，观察骨折愈合和腕关节功能改善情况。结果：骨折愈合20例，愈合率90．9％。腕关节功能评价：优11例，良6例，可3例，差2例，优良率77．3％。结论：该术式疗效较好，操作简单，副损伤小，是治疗腕舟骨近端骨不连的有效方法之一。     

骨条植骨固定加桡骨茎突切除治疗腕舟骨骨不连

目的:报道应用骨条植骨固定加桡骨茎突切除术治疗腕舟骨骨不连的临床应用效果。方法:用桡骨近端骨条植骨固定腕舟骨骨折并切除桡骨茎突治疗腕舟骨骨不连23例。结果:23例全部获得随访,随访时间1～2年,骨性愈合率100％,愈合时间2～3个月,腕关节功能恢复正常。结论:该手术方法操作简便,损伤小,疗效好,是治疗腕舟骨骨不连的有效方法。     

以第一、二伸肌腱鞘支持带上动脉为血管蒂的桡骨瓣治疗舟骨骨不连

目的 探讨以第一、二伸肌腱鞘支持带上动脉(1,2 ICSRA)为血管蒂的桡骨瓣带蒂逆行转移治疗舟骨骨不连的手术指征、技术和疗效.方法 2007年2月至2010年10月,我科对15例舟骨骨不连患者,应用以1,2 ICSRA为血管蒂的桡骨瓣远端蒂转移植骨内固定进行治疗.其中腰部骨不连9例,近端骨不连6例.9例伴有近端骨折块缺血性坏死;3例伴有舟状骨弓背畸形及嵌入体背伸不稳(DISI);2例伴有桡骨茎突关节炎表现.所有病例均采用腕桡侧纵形切口,13例予以交叉克氏针内固定,2例行单枚Herbert螺钉附加1枚克氏针固定.12例将带血管蒂植骨块从舟骨背侧嵌插植入,3例将植骨块楔形修整后自舟骨掌侧植入.术后随访骨折愈合时间、腕痛、腕关节活动度及握力等情况.结果 术后随访时间为6～ 21个月,平均13个月,2例失访.所有随访病例X线片显示舟骨均获得骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为14.2周.所有患者腕痛消失,腕关节屈曲(59.92±4.82)°,背伸(49.73±4.58)°.根据改良的Mayo腕关节功能评分标准评定:优9例,良2例,可2例;优良率为84.6％.结论 以1,2 ICSRA为血管蒂的桡骨瓣逆行转移植骨手术,能促进舟骨骨不连的愈合,特别对有近端骨块缺血性坏死的患者疗效显著.     

双洞式植骨内固定治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折

我们自 1986年至 1987年采用双洞式植骨内固定治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折 2 0例 ,经平均近 4年的随访 ,疗效满意 ,现报告如下 :1　临床资料　　本组 2 0例陈旧性腕舟骨骨折以 4个月以上未愈合为标准。男 18例 ,女 2例。年龄 2 0～ 45岁。右侧 15例 ,左侧 5例。伤后至手术时间 :最短 4个月 ,最长 2年 ,平均 11个月。舟骨腰部骨折 17例 ,体部骨折 3例。Ｘ线片示 :骨折线增宽 ,骨端吸收或伴囊肿样改变 15例 ,骨折端硬化 5例 ,其中 1例骨折近段骨块呈坏死改变。2　治疗方法　　在腕背伸拇长、短肌腱间作一个与舟骨形状相似长约 3～ 4ｃｍ弧形切口 ,注…     

C型臂透视下螺钉治疗移位不稳定型腕舟骨骨折例疗效分析

目的:分析应用螺钉内固定治疗移位不稳定型腕舟骨骨折的效果.方法:总结2009年8月到2011年9月采用Herbert螺钉内固定治疗28例腕舟骨骨折,其中男25例,女3例,年龄23～55岁.腕舟状骨近端骨折5例,远端骨折5例,腰部骨折18例,骨折均为移位骨折.受伤距手术时间平均15天(3 d～1个月).结果:28例患者均受随访,未发生术后感染,无内固定断裂.其中27例骨折达骨性愈合,骨折愈合时间3～12个月,1例骨不连.26例腕关节功能恢复正常,握拳力量恢复正常.2例日常生活中腕部略有疼痛不适.结论:Herbert螺钉是治疗移位不稳定型腕舟骨骨折的首选内固定器材之一.     

腕舟骨骨折三维运动学在体实验研究

目的 在体研究腕舟骨腰部骨折后屈-伸、桡-尺偏运动时的三维运动学变化,为临床诊治提供理论指导.方法 对10例腕舟骨腰部骨折成年志愿者的双侧腕关节,分别在中立位、掌屈及背伸各15°、30°、45°、60°,桡偏10°、20~及尺偏10°、20°、30°、40°位置进行螺旋CT成像扫描.在基于计算机的手术模拟系统中进行三维定量分析.在桡骨远端关节面的中心点建立三维直角坐标系统,测量腕舟骨骨折后远、近端骨块的三维运动学数据.并与健侧腕舟骨的测量数据进行比较分析.结果 腕舟骨骨折后,近端骨折块与健侧比较,旋转、位移改变不明显,远端骨折块则变化较大.腕关节桡偏10°、背伸30°时,远近端骨块质心间距离最小.结论 在舟骨腰部骨折的治疗中,腕关节取桡偏10°、背伸30°位置时,骨折断端间距离较小,复位满意,为舟骨骨折的治疗提供了一定的理论参考.     

应用Herbert螺钉内固定治疗腕舟骨骨折

目的介绍用Herbert螺钉内固定治疗不稳定型腕舟骨骨折及腕舟骨骨折骨不连的疗效.方法 1992年12月至1996年12月,用Herbert螺钉内固定治疗不稳定型腕舟骨骨折20例,腕舟骨骨折骨不连14例.结果不稳定型腕舟骨骨折失访5例,15例术后平均随访12.8个月,骨折全部愈合;腕关节活动范围在106°～128°之间.腕舟骨骨折骨不连14例术后平均随访18.3个月,骨折愈合率为85.7%.结论 Herbert螺钉治疗腕舟骨骨折具有对骨折端的加压作用、固定稳固、可经关节面置入、无需取出等优点.     

桡骨茎突骨膜骨瓣移植治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折

自 1994年 2月以来 ,我们采用带桡动脉茎突返支桡骨茎突骨膜骨瓣移植治疗陈旧性腕舟骨骨折共 8例 ,获得较好的疗效 ,现报告如下。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　本组共 8例 ,男 7例 ,女 1例 ;年龄 17～ 2 4岁。从受伤到治疗时间最短 4个月 ,最长 12个月 ,平均 6个月。均有手掌着地外伤史。 5例经过石膏外固定治疗 ,1例经过小夹板外固定治疗 ,2例未经任何治疗。1 2　临床表现　所有病例均有腕桡侧疼痛 ,鼻咽窝区压痛 ,腕关节桡偏及背伸活动受限。腕关节正位、侧位及斜位Ｘ线片显示 :腕舟状骨腰部骨折 ,骨折线清晰 ,间隙明显增宽 ,2例骨折端骨密…     

桡骨骨瓣移植治疗腕舟骨不愈合

腕舟骨是构成腕关节三个力学柱的外侧柱,在维持腕关节稳定性中起主要作用。从1995年1月至1997年1月我们采用桡骨茎突切除加带桡动脉桡骨茎突返支的桡骨骨瓣移植术共治疗7例腕舟骨骨折不愈合,获得满意疗效。1　临床资料本组7例中男5例,女2例;年龄20～42岁;右侧5例,左侧2例;伤后距就诊时间3～26个月;所有病例均有活动后腕关节疼痛、肿胀及腕部无力、不能持重物,鼻烟窝区有压痛,腕关节背屈桡偏受限;正斜位Ｘ线片示7例骨折均无愈合迹象,断端有囊性改变3例,硬化2例,囊性变及硬化同时存在的1例,均无上述变化的1例;所有病例均无创伤性关节炎表现,均…     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.