额肌悬吊术和提上睑肌-额肌吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂

目的 比较额肌瓣悬吊术和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂的疗效.方法 分析分别采用用额肌瓣悬吊术、提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗重度先天性上睑下垂98例133只眼,比较两组手术的疗效.结果 额肌瓣悬吊术组和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术组矫正上睑下垂的疗效差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).但前者术后有5例睑缘弧度不自然(6.9%),后者术后睑缘弧度均较自然.结论 额肌瓣悬吊术和提上睑肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术都能有效治疗重度先天性上睑下垂,但后者较符合眼睑生理解剖,术后睑缘弧度更自然.     

Marcus-Gunn综合征1例

患者,男,２０ａ,因右上睑先天性睑下垂２０ａ于１９９８年１１月３０日收入院。体检：左上睑位于上方角膜缘,右上睑下垂遮盖瞳孔大于２／３。右上睑肌力收稿　１９９９０７０６本文编辑　张知达作者单位　６４３１００　四川省荣县人民医院为０,张口或下颌移向左侧右上睑抬高达角膜缘上约２ｍｍ,明显高于健眼,下颌运动出现瞬目运动,患眼快于健眼。诊断Ｍａｒｃｕｓ－Ｇｕｎｎ综合症。于１９９８年１２月４日在局麻下行右提上睑肌切断、额肌瓣悬吊术加左眼重睑术,术中切开眶膈见提上睑肌发育良好,切除部分提上睑肌后患者仍出现…     

Marcus Gunn综合征 1例

患者男，２１岁，因咀嚼时右眼上睑随之上下运动２年而入院。无面瘫和脑外伤或手术史，无家族史。检查；双眼视力均１．２，闭颌平视时，双眼上睑遮盖角膜３ｍｍ，开颌运动时，右眼上睑随开颌的大小而上举 ２～ ４ｍｍ；下颌向左侧运动时，右眼上睑随之上提，睑裂扩大；下颌向右侧运动时，右眼上睑不上提；吹口哨时，右眼睑裂变小；下颌前突时，右眼睑裂增大、双眼球各方向运动无障碍，双眼位正。眼球前后节检查未见异常。牙釉质发育不全。诊断：Ｍａｒｃｕｓ Ｇｕｎｎ综合征。 讨论：Ｍａｒｃｕｓ Ｇｕｎｎ综合征，又称Ｇｕｎｎ综合征、下…     

先天性上睑下垂379例治疗体会

目的 应用不同术式治疗先天性上睑下垂,并对手术效果及其并发症进行评价.方法 自2002年6月至2007年10月间,共收治先大性上睑下垂患者379例(460只眼).其中重度上睑下垂300例(381只眼),中度上睑下垂47例(47只眼),轻度上睑下垂32例(32只眼).行阔筋膜悬吊术196例(246只眼),额肌瓣悬吊术104例(135只眼),提上睑肌缩短术47例(47只眼),提上睑肌腱膜折叠术32例(32只眼).结果 术后满意率为94.6%,好转率为5.0%,总有效率为99.6%.其中阔筋膜悬吊术手术满意率为91.9%,额肌瓣悬吊术满意率为95.5%,提上睑肌缩短术满意率为95.7%,提上睑肌腱膜折叠术满意率为96.9%.手术后有50只眼(10.9%)出现各种并发症,主要有额部血肿、暴露性角膜炎、矫正不全和上穹隆结膜脱垂,经相应处理后均好转.结论 对于提上睑肌无力的重度上睑下垂患者,采取阔筋膜悬吊术或额肌瓣悬吊术治疗,术后重睑自然,远期外观效果较好.提上睑肌力较好的轻度上睑下垂患者宜采取提上睑肌手术,术后重睑弧度自然,并发症少,是较理想的治疗方法.     

先天性上睑下垂379例治疗体会

目的 应用不同术式治疗先天性上睑下垂,并对手术效果及其并发症进行评价.方法 自2002年6月至2007年10月间,共收治先大性上睑下垂患者379例(460只眼).其中重度上睑下垂300例(381只眼),中度上睑下垂47例(47只眼),轻度上睑下垂32例(32只眼).行阔筋膜悬吊术196例(246只眼),额肌瓣悬吊术104例(135只眼),提上睑肌缩短术47例(47只眼),提上睑肌腱膜折叠术32例(32只眼).结果 术后满意率为94.6%,好转率为5.0%,总有效率为99.6%.其中阔筋膜悬吊术手术满意率为91.9%,额肌瓣悬吊术满意率为95.5%,提上睑肌缩短术满意率为95.7%,提上睑肌腱膜折叠术满意率为96.9%.手术后有50只眼(10.9%)出现各种并发症,主要有额部血肿、暴露性角膜炎、矫正不全和上穹隆结膜脱垂,经相应处理后均好转.结论 对于提上睑肌无力的重度上睑下垂患者,采取阔筋膜悬吊术或额肌瓣悬吊术治疗,术后重睑自然,远期外观效果较好.提上睑肌力较好的轻度上睑下垂患者宜采取提上睑肌手术,术后重睑弧度自然,并发症少,是较理想的治疗方法.     

额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌额肌吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征术式探讨

目的 比较额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征的疗效.方法 回顾性分析采用额肌瓣悬吊术、上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征20例20只眼.比较两组手术的疗效.结果 额肌瓣悬吊术组和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术组均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征.但前者术后有2例睑缘弧度不自然(25%),3例半年后仍眼睑闭合不全.后者术后睑缘弧度均较自然,半年后无眼睑闭合不全.结论 额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征,但后者更符合眼睑生理解剖,术后睑缘弧度更自然.     

额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌额肌吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征术式探讨

目的 比较额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征的疗效.方法 回顾性分析采用额肌瓣悬吊术、上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征20例20只眼.比较两组手术的疗效.结果 额肌瓣悬吊术组和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术组均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征.但前者术后有2例睑缘弧度不自然(25%),3例半年后仍眼睑闭合不全.后者术后睑缘弧度均较自然,半年后无眼睑闭合不全.结论 额肌瓣悬吊术和上睑提肌腱膜-额肌瓣吻合术均能有效治疗Marcus-Gunn综合征,但后者更符合眼睑生理解剖,术后睑缘弧度更自然.     

传统额肌悬吊术与提上睑肌腱膜-额肌吻合术治疗重度上睑下垂临床分析

0引言　　重度上睑下垂为眼科常见病之一,目前许多医院仍沿用传统额肌悬吊术治疗重度上睑下垂,由于额肌损伤严重,术后提睑功能明显降低,造成额肌僵硬及睑闭合不全的可能性增大,同时亦不利于形成睑缘正常弧度,不能达到美容的效果,我院自1998年来对重度上睑下垂患改行提上睑肌腱膜-额肌吻合术,效果满意,报告如下.     

提上睑肌腱膜复合体额肌吻合术治疗重度上睑下垂

目的 探讨提上睑肌腱膜复合体额肌吻合术治疗重度上睑下垂的优越性及其效果。方法 对28例36眼重度上睑下垂患者采用提上睑肌腱膜复合体额肌吻合术。结果 术后随访6个月～2年，28例36眼全部得到矫正，无明显并发症。结论 提上睑肌腱膜复合体额肌吻合术治疗重度上睑下垂，损伤轻、操作简单、手术时间短、效果持久肯定、并发症较少、提睑作用力更接近生理状态。     

重度上睑下垂矫正术后回退的临床观察

目的　分析不同手术方法治疗重度上睑下垂发生术后回退的临床情况。方法　对我院 6年来共 98例 (12 5只眼 )重度上睑下垂的不同手术进行回顾性分析 ,其中 18只眼行改良方形缝线悬吊术 ,2 1只眼额肌瓣悬吊矫正术 ,86只眼行提上睑肌腱膜瓣—额肌吻合术。结果　改良方形缝线悬吊术发生术后回退约占 6 6 .7% ,额肌瓣悬吊矫正术占 2 8.6 % ,提上睑肌腱膜瓣—额肌吻合术约 2 4 .4 %。结论　各种重度上睑下垂矫正术 ,手术方法均有其优劣性 ,术后因不同机理发生不同程度的术后回退。     

Marcus Gunn jaw-winking phenomenon: a new supplemental test in the preoperative evaluation.

PURPOSE: To introduce a new method for the evaluation of Marcus Gunn jaw-winking ptosis that more precisely defines the severity of blepharoptosis. METHODS: A retrospective review of 16 consecutive patients with Marcus Gunn jaw-winking ptosis presenting to our institution between 1993 to 1999 was performed. The position of the affected eyelid was observed after applying a technique of jaw immobilization and disruption of fusion with temporary occlusion of the ipsilateral side. RESULTS: In patients presenting with mild to moderate Marcus Gunn jaw-winking, the majority (62.5%) demonstrated a positive test, uncovering complete or near complete ptosis. Test results were partially positive in 3 patients (18.8%) with increased but not complete ptosis and negative in 3 patients (18.8%) with no change in eyelid position. CONCLUSIONS: Blepharoptosis associated with Marcus Gunn jaw-winking phenomenon is often more severe than found by conventional clinical evaluation. This finding may explain the frequent undercorrection and unpredictable results following levator resection. In patients exhibiting a positive jaw-winking ptosis test, disappointing outcomes with levator resection may be avoided by instead proceeding with a frontalis suspension with levator disinsertion as recommended for ptosis with severe jaw winking.     

Suspension of the eyelid to the frontal muscle in the surgery of ptosis. Technic and indications

Twenty seven frontalis sling procedures were performed with use of autogenous fascia-lata. The choice of this procedure was performed sometimes at the first stage for severe ptosis with poor levator function: isolated congenital ptosis, blepharophimosis syndrome, Marcus Gunn Jaw-Winking ptosis, ptosis with severe myopathy, some traumatic ptosis. This procedure was also performed in a second stage after failure of the useful procedures (levator resection) and after verification that the levator was not exploitable. Sometimes the choice of the procedure is done during the exploration of the eyelid and the levator because there is not always "parallelism" between the levator function and his anatomy. So operative technique must always be performed by a complete anterior palpebral approach, the surgeon can passed the suspensory material from the tarsus to the roof of the orbit, just anterior to the levator aponeurosis, and then out above the eyebrow. The pulley this created by the periosteum of the superior orbital margin prevents vertical traction lines. The skin crease is created with sutures which pick up the tarsus and the lid retractors. If, during the explorations the levator is "exploitable", a super maximum levator resection will be performed at the first stage, the frontalis suspension will be maintained in case of failure of the levator resection.     

膨体聚四氟乙烯额肌悬吊术治疗儿童先天性上睑下垂的临床疗效和安全性评价

背景 先天性上睑下垂是一种易引起弱视的儿童眼病,及时进行手术并寻找理想的额肌悬吊材料具有非常重要的意义.目前国际上常采用膨体聚四氟乙烯(e-PTFE)材料作为额肌悬吊材料对低龄儿童的先天性上睑下垂进行治疗,取得了较好的效果,但中国尚缺乏相关的临床资料. 目的 应用e-PTFE材料进行额肌悬吊术治疗先天性上睑下垂儿童,观察其临床治疗效果及其安全性,评价其临床应用价值.方法 采用前瞻性系列病例观察性研究方法,收集2012年7月-2012年8月在北京儿童医院确诊的年龄为2.8 ～6岁的先天性上睑下垂患者36例45眼,所有患儿均行额肌悬吊术,术中采用e-PTFE为额肌悬吊材料.分别于术后1d、1周、1个月、3个月、6个月、1年、1.5年进行复查,观察指标包括上睑缘至角膜光反射点距离(MRD)、睑裂高度、额肌与睑板关联度、眼睑闭合情况以及上睑迟落情况、术后外观评分,记录术后复发率和相关并发症及其处理结果. 结果 术后1.5年患儿的MRD为(2.8±0.8) mm,明显高于术前的(1.8±1.2)mm,差异均有统计学意义(t=4.651,P=0.000);术后眼睑闭合度为(1.3±0.5) mm,与术前的(1.1±0.5) mm比较差异无统计学意义(t=1.897,P=0.061);术后额肌与睑板关联度为75％±20％;术后外观改善满意.本组患者中术后1例1眼欠矫,出现轻度角膜炎者1例1眼,角膜炎患儿系术后护理不当,经指导家长术后正确点用上皮生长因子联合玻璃酸钠滴眼液后痊愈;术后发现额部伤口肉芽肿1例1眼,局麻下将肉芽肿切除,局部注射地塞米松注射液0.2ml,1个月后无复发;眼睑内翻1例1眼,考虑与术中上睑位置过高有关,经观察于术后3个月上睑位置部分地回落,上睑内翻自愈;术后3个月16例20眼可在额部切口缝合部位局部触及皮下小硬结,至随访末自行消失.复发1例1眼,经二次手术治愈.结论 e-PTFE作为额肌悬吊材料对于先天性上睑下垂儿童性额肌悬吊术效果和安全性好,术后患儿上睑功能恢复较好,外观改善满意.     

提上睑肌离断额肌瓣悬吊术治疗中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征的临床研究

目的研究提上睑肌离断额肌瓣悬吊术治疗中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征的临床疗效。方法6例中重度Marcus-Gunn综合征患者采用提上睑肌离断额肌瓣悬吊手术治疗。结果随访6个月～5年,6例患者术后颌动瞬目症状消除,双侧睑裂对称,上睑缘无遮盖瞳孔,睑缘弧度自然美观,2例伴有轻度的上下睑闭合困难及上睑迟滞现象。结论提上睑肌离断额肌瓣悬吊术是治疗中重度Marcus-gunn综合征较理想的手术方法。     

Surgical Outcomes of Unilateral Marcus Gunn Jaw Winking Ptosis Correction: A Novel Whitnall’s Ligament Approach

PurposeTo evaluate the surgical, functional, and cosmetic outcome in moderate to severe ptosis with Marcus Gunn jaw winking phenomenon and recurrence of disease after ptosis correction. This procedure has been emphasized on a child.MethodsThis was a prospective, non-comparative, interventional study conducted over 4 years on 30 people. The ages range from 7 to 40 years. The eyelid was approached from behind to identify the Whitnall’s ligament. Levator palpebrae superioris was first disinserted then dissected up to the superior border of the tarsal plate followed by 20 to 25 mm by resection which causes disabling of the levator palpebrae superioris action. Subsequently, “tarso frontalis sling with silicon rod” for ptosis correction. Compared with the preoperative and postoperative photograph.ResultsMargin reflex distance 1 values are in the affected eye preoperative 1.8 ± 0.87 mm to postoperative 3.96 ± 0.41 mm. Preoperative palpebral fissure height are means 5.05 ± 0.62 mm to postoperative palpebral fissure height means 9.3 ± 0.71 mm. Ptosis significantly improved which is statistically significant (p < 0.05). Lid excursion or Flickering’s in affected eyes preoperative means 6.1 ± 3.47 mm to postoperative after 1 year means are 0.43 ± 0.81 mm. Follow-up period is 1 year.ConclusionsUnilateral posterior approach (Whitnall’s ligament approach) is found better in surgical, functional, and cosmetic outcomes in the correction of Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome, especially in children. The risk of bilateral extensive surgery is avoided. After the surgery, the primary gaze face photo identity was well-accepted in official government documents. This study is stressed on bilateral lid height similarity in primary gaze unlike the traditional method of downgaze similarities. The patients were highly satisfied both physically and mentally.     

Management of Marcus Gunn jaw winking synkinesis

PURPOSE: To report the outcomes of a management protocol for Marcus Gunn jaw winking synkinesis. METHODS: The records of 31 patients (16 female, 15 male) presenting to a tertiary referral center with Marcus Gunn jaw winking synkinesis between 1993 and 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. Generally, patients with mild wink and a small degree of ptosis underwent unilateral upper eyelid retractor surgery. Patients with a moderate or marked wink and ptosis underwent bilateral levator weakening procedures and brow suspension. Patients were assessed and treated for amblyopia and vertical strabismus before ptosis surgery. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 11.23 years (median, 8 years; range, 10 weeks to 31 years). Ipsilateral hypotropia was noted in 8 patients (26%), with a median visual acuity in the ptotic eye of 20/30 (range, 20/20 to 20/40), compared with 20/20 in those without hypotropia. Patients who underwent unilateral surgery had good correction of ptosis, with equal palpebral apertures and symmetrical contour but had a detectable wink on formal testing. Patients who underwent bilateral surgery had equal palpebral apertures and symmetrical contour, with wink elimination. Mean follow-up was 31 months (all patients) and mean postoperative follow-up was 22 months. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with Marcus Gunn jaw winking synkinesis can present at a wide age range. There may be an associated vertical muscle imbalance, which should be managed before ptosis surgery to avoid ptosis undercorrection and allow amblyopia management. Nearly all patients use the synkinesis to reduce the underlying true ptosis to a less noticeable "habitual" ptosis or to maintain binocularity. Surgical approach will differ, depending on whether the synkinesis, ptosis, or both are the main concern. Satisfactory results with a low complication rate can be achieved with the use of this management protocol.     

Marcus Gunn张口瞬目综合征手术方式探讨

目的探讨Marcus Gunn张口瞬目综合征不同手术方式和治疗效果。方法Marcus Gunn张口瞬目综合征6例(6眼)采用上睑提肌水化分离及节段切除联合额肌瓣悬吊术。结果6例随访6月～2年,双眼睑裂高度对称,弧度自然,颌动瞬目联合性动作消失。结论采用上睑提肌水化分离及节段切除联合额肌瓣悬吊,是治疗Marcus Gunn张口瞬目综合征的较好术式。     

提上睑肌离断联合EPTFE额肌悬吊术治疗儿童中重度下颌瞬目综合征的疗效

目的探讨提上睑肌离断联合EPTFE额肌悬吊术治疗中重度儿童下颌瞬目综合征手术疗效。方法回顾性系列病例研究。分析2013-2014年行提上睑肌腱膜节段去除联合EPTFE额肌瓣腱膜悬吊术治疗单眼中、重度下颌瞬目综合征患儿49例的临床资料。其中下颌瞬目中度27例（55%）,重度22例（45%）;上睑下垂中度19例（39%）,重度30例（61%）。年龄18个月～13岁。术后随访10～12个月。计量资料之间的比较采用方差分析,计数资料之间的比较采用卡方检验。结果49例中46例（94%）下颌瞬目治愈,术后未出现下颌联动现象。2例好转,1例无效。上睑下垂矫正后功能与美容疗效满意,其中31例（63%）提高≥6 mm,17例（35%）提高3～5 mm,1例（2%）在术后3个月上睑高度回落,遮盖瞳孔1/2。1例（2%）下颌瞬目联动幅度为3 mm,但功能及美容疗效满意。4例（8%）术后发生暴露性角膜炎,3例（6%）发生结膜撕裂,2例（4%）上睑下垂复发,2例（4%）上睑内翻倒睫,1例（2%）排异,1例（2%）下颌瞬目联动运动矫正失败。结论患眼提上睑肌腱膜节段去除联合EPTFE额肌瓣腱膜悬吊术治疗单眼中、重度下颌-瞬目综合征手术疗效好,术后反应轻,为合并弱视患儿早期治疗提供必要条件。     

Temporalis fascia suspension in the treatment of ptosis

Fifty-three eyelids with severe ptosis were treated by frontalis suspension with temporalis fascia. The surgical indications were limited to cases in which there was absent or minimal levator function. The authors used this as a primary modality in patients with congenital ptosis, blepharophimosis syndrome, Marcus Gunn jaw winking syndrome, severe progressive external ophthalmoplegia, severe blepharospasm and post-traumatic ptosis. Temporalis suspension was performed as a secondary procedure after failure of various other procedures, including levator resection, and suspension with PTFE (Goretex), Mersilene, or fascia lata. Results after an average follow-up period of six months (two to 14 months) were good in 51 cases; in two cases release of the suspension and recurrence of ptosis were treated by re-suspension with fascia lata.

Temporalis fascia has been used in the correction of ectropion, lagophthalmos in facial nerve palsy and in reconstruction of post-traumatic eyelid defects. It has three major advantages: (1) it is autogenous and hence better tolerated than synthetic materials such as Goretex or Mersilene; (2) it is easily harvested, requiring only one operative field, under local anesthesia; (3) it yields minimal post-operative morbidity (no interference with ambulation, shorter convalescence). The disadvantage of this procedure is the fragility of temporalis fascia as compared to fascia lata, which limits its use to patients over six years old.     

Direct Tarsus to Frontalis Muscle Sling without Flap Creation for Correction of Blepharoptosis with Poor Levator Function

Purpose: To report the outcomes of ptosis surgery in patients with weak levator function utilizing the direct tarsus to frontalis muscle sling technique without creation of a flap.

Methods: In a prospective nonrandomized case series over a 3-year period, patients with ptosis and weak (less than 4?mm) levator function underwent direct sling of the tarsus to frontalis muscle without creating any flap. Success was defined as upper lid margin to central corneal reflex distance of at least 3?mm in bilateral cases and a difference of less than 1?mm in unilateral cases.

Results: Overall, 26 eyes of 22 patients with mean age of 15.4?±?9.4 years were operated and followed up for 13.5?±?8.4 months. The ptosis was congenital in 15 patients (68.2%) and acquired in 7 patients (31.8%). Twelve patients (54.5%) had a history of ptosis surgery. The procedure was judged as successful in 77.3% of patients after initial surgery and in 100% after reoperation. Surgical success after initial surgery was directly correlated with the amount of levator function (P?=?0.02). However, success was not associated with age (P?=?0.9) or history of surgery (P?=?0.9). None of the patients developed eyelid hematoma, lagophthalmus or dry eye.

Conclusions: Direct sling of the upper tarsus to the frontalis muscle without creation of flap is an effective procedure for correction of ptosis in patients with weak levator function. Minimal dissection and preservation of the orbicularis oculi prevents lagophthalmus and its consequences.