推动证据向临床转化 (七)证据的可用性评价

本文旨在详细阐述如何对证据的可用性进行评价。笔者系统回顾了证据的内涵,阐述了证据的4大特征,并详细介绍了证据可用性评价的内容和方法,指出证据可用性评价是1个结合专业判断的过程,是将证据应用于实践前的必要环节,并有助于明确证据临床转化中证据层面的障碍因素。     

推动证据向临床转化(十)证据临床转化过程中的变革策略构建∗

本文详细阐述了如何根据前期障碍因素分析制定适合临床转化的变革策略。介绍了证据转化实施过程中,应从系统、实践者和患者3个层面着手,制定全方位有效的变革策略,并将有效的变革策略融入日常工作流程和制度中,以确保变革方案在实践中的整合和维持。     

推动证据向临床转化 (八)审查指标的构建

审查指标的构建是一个科学、系统的过程,审查指标应基于现有的证据并结合专业判断,并根据证据的动态发展进行持续更新和完善。本文旨在详细介绍如何构建科学的审查指标,阐述了构建审查指标的意义,描述了审查指标的内涵及类型,分析了审查指标的7大特征及审查指标构建的方法和步骤。在此基础上,提出了构建审查指标的建议。     

推动证据向临床转化 (十四)证据临床转化的效果评价

本文从过程、结果和结构3个层面,从审查指标、系统、实践者、患者、证据转化的持续性5个方面,就证据临床转化研究的效果评价进行阐述和总结,旨在促进护理人员正确理解证据临床转化,完善效果评价,更好地反映循证护理实践在提升护理系统功效、提高护理服务质量上的作用。     

推动证据向临床转化 (十三)证据临床转化的研究设计

本文对证据临床转化的研究设计进行了阐述和总结,包括自身对照设计、历史对照设计、非随机同期对照设计、中断时间序列设计、阶梯试验设计,旨在促进护理人员正确理解证据临床转化,规范临床研究设计,更好地促进循证护理实践。     

推动证据向临床转化(九)证据临床转化过程中的障碍因素分析

本文旨在详细阐述如何进行证据临床转化前的障碍因素分析。介绍了证据临床转化过程中,常用的2大类障碍因素分析法,即以循证实践模式为指导的障碍因素分析法和结合应用质量管理工具的障碍因素分析法,有助于指导在证据临床转化过程中进行全面的障碍因素分析,制定全方位有效的变革策略。     

推动证据向临床转化(五)证据临床转化研究中的文献质量评价

循证实践是对公开报道的研究进行组织、整理、评价、整合、分类、遴选和有效利用的过程,以促进证据向临床转化,促进护理实践水平的提高。在证据临床转化的四个阶段中,文献质量评价是证据准备阶段的关键环节。本文将详细介绍对指南、专家共识、系统评价和原始研究的文献质量评价的原则和方法,为研究者进一步梳理可用的证据,开展后续临床转化环节提供依据。     

推动证据向临床转化(四)以临床转化为目的的证据资源检索

对证据临床转化时的证据检索进行阐述和总结,包括证据资源的分布与类型、以临床转化为目的的证据检索流程,旨在促进护理人员理解证据检索的原则、方法与策略,规范证据检索,促进证据实施。     

推动证据向临床转化(六)证据总结的制作与撰写

本文对证据临床转化过程中的证据总结进行阐述,包括证据总结的制作流程和撰写建议,旨在促进护理人员高效整合证据,推动证据实施。     

推动证据向实践转化 (十五)变革维持的策略

本文旨在剖析证据临床转化过程变革维持的意义,从理论与实践的不同角度、从个体与系统的不同层面,阐述循证护理实践最具挑战的环节——变革维持可采取的策略及其方法,以推动证据向实践转化。     

推动证据临床转化(一)促进健康照护领域科学决策

阐述在知识转化模式和实施性科学框架下循证实践领域证据临床转化的背景、意义以及实施方法。分析证据临床转化的关键要素、与持续护理质量改进之间的关系。     

我国护理领域证据临床转化研究的范围综述

目的:探讨我国护理领域内证据临床转化研究的现状、所依据的证据质量、研究方法及研究内容。方法:使用证据转化证据应用等检索词在中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库中进行检索,应用Arksey和O’Malley的范围综述方法对文献进行分析。结果:共纳入152篇文献,95.4%的文献发表于2015年之后,92.1%的文献发表在护理类期刊上,27.0%的文献提供了系统的检索策略,43.3%的文献进行了方法学质量评价,74.3%的文献均没有对证据的可用性进行评价。证据转化以症状护理为主题的文献最多,占39.5%,87.5%的文献采用了前后对照方法来评价证据转化的效果,所有的研究均构建了综合性、多元化的证据转化策略,包括基于证据(42.1%)和基于障碍因素的干预策略(57.9%)。73.7%的文献采用了多元化指标对效果进行评价,仅有7.2%的文献提出了应维持证据在临床的持续应用。结论:我国护理领域内证据临床转化研究数量上呈现明显的增加趋势,但转化所依据的证据质量及研究方法尚需要加强,应采取策略推动证据在实践的持续应用。     

推动证据向临床转化(三)研究的选题和问题构建

开展证据向临床转化相关研究的起点是选择合适的主题、构建循证问题。确定研究的纳入排除标准,也是构建系统性文献检索策略的基础。本文将详细介绍证据临床转化研究的选题原则、选题流程和构建结构化的研究问题的PIPOST模型,为研究者进一步梳理证据实施临床转化中所包含的重要元素,开展后续应用环节提供依据。     

Development and outcomes of a program to translate the evidence for spinal manipulation into physical therapy practice

Abstract

Objectives:

To describe a program to translate evidence into practice for the use of manipulation with a sub-group of patients with low back pain and report the program's outcomes following implementation. We compared outcomes based on appropriate inclusion in the program and compliance with the evidence being translated.

Methods:

The evidence translation program was based on evidence that patients meeting two criteria (duration of symptoms <16 days, no symptoms distal to knee) were likely to respond to a physical therapy that included manipulation in the first two visits. Implementation addressed potential barriers with referring physicians, physical therapists, and scheduling staff to this evidence. Outcomes for patients in the program were tracked following implementation. Process outcomes were appropriateness of inclusion (met both criteria), compliance with evidence for providing thrust manipulation in the first two visits, and number of physical therapy visits. Clinical outcomes were based on Oswestry scores from the first, interim (after two to three visits), and final visit.

Results:

A total of 577 patients entered the evidence translation program (mean age = 43·0, 56·8% female); 79·5% were appropriate inclusions and 83·0% received manipulation. The use of manipulation was associated with fewer visits (mean difference = 0·54 visits, 95% CI: 0·037, 1·04, P = 0·035), and appropriate inclusion was associated with greater Oswestry change (mean difference at the final visit = 6·6 points, 95% CI: 1·6, 11·6; P = 0·010).

Discussion:

Implementing evidence into practice is difficult; however, barriers can be anticipated and overcome. Tracking the outcomes of an implementation program is critical to evaluating its benefit to patients. Additional research using experimental designs are necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of various treatments implemented in physical therapy practice.     

Characteristics of facilitators in knowledge translation: An integrative review

Background

Quality healthcare is increasingly measured through the integration of research findings into clinical practice. Individuals recognized as facilitators are essential to bridging the chasm between knowledge generation and translation.

Knowledge translation in physical therapy: from theory to practice

Abstract

Purpose: Knowledge translation (KT) has emerged as a concept that can lead to a greater utilization of evidence-based research in systems of care. Despite a rise in KT research, the literature on KT in relation to physical therapy practice is scarce. This article provides physical therapists (PTs) with recommendations that can support the effective implementation of new knowledge and scientific evidence in clinical practice. Method: Recommendations are grounded in the Ottawa Model of Research Use and in the literature in KT in the health professions. Results: A well-established KT process, which is supported by a planning model, is essential to guide the implementation of scientific evidence. Consensus among all stakeholders about what evidence will be implemented must be reached. Context-related barriers and facilitators should be assessed and tailored active and multi-component interventions should be considered. Participation from individuals in intermediary positions (e.g. opinion leaders) supports implementation of KT interventions. Monitoring of the process and assessment of intended outcomes should be performed in order to assess the success of the implementation. Conclusion: Five major recommendations grounded in the Ottawa model are provided that can assist PTs with the complex task of implementing new knowledge in their clinical practice.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• In order to support EBP, knowledge translation interventions can be used to support best practice.

• Implementation of new knowledge should be guided by a framework or a conceptual model.

• Consensus on the evidence must be reached and assessment of context-related factors should be done prior to the implementation of any KT intervention.

• Intervention strategies should be active, multi-component and include individuals with intermediary positions that can facilitate the KT process.

     

Developing best practice in critical care nursing: knowledge,evidence and practice

Because the current drive towards evidence-based critical care nursing practice is based firmly within the positivist paradigm, experimentally derived research tends to be regarded as 'high level' evidence, whereas other forms of evidence, for example qualitative research or personal knowing, carry less weight. This poses something of a problem for nursing, as the type of knowledge nurses use most in their practice is often at the so-called 'soft' end of science. Thus, the 'Catch 22' situation is that the evidence base for nursing practice is considered to be weak. Furthermore, it is argued in this paper that there are several forms of nursing knowledge, which critical care nurses employ, that are difficult to articulate. The way forward requires a pragmatic approach to evidence, in which all forms of knowledge are considered equal in abstract but are assigned value according to the context of a particular situation. It is proposed that this can be achieved by adopting an approach to nursing in which practice development is the driving force for change.     

Factors affecting evidence translation for general practice nurses

This paper explores the domains of influence affecting practice nurses' ability to find, evaluate and use clinical evidence. A cross-sectional survey of general practice nurses (n = 590) in Victoria, Australia in 2008 provided data for a principal components analysis. The research replicates a study undertaken in the UK using the Developing Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire. Five domains of influence on nurses' translation of evidence were identified: skills in finding/reviewing evidence; barriers to finding/reviewing evidence; knowledge from published sources; knowledge from other sources; and barriers or facilitators to change. Each domain was interpreted as underlying the relationship of nurses with evidence-based practice and was comparable to the original study's findings when subjected to factor analysis. Findings from this study show that the Developing Evidence-Based Practice Questionnaire-Au is a valid and useful instrument in determining the influences on practice nurses' ability to effect knowledge translation and conduct practice based on evidence. Given these findings, a new model is proposed that explains the influence of a number of domains on Australian general practice nurses' translation of knowledge into practice.     

通过循证护理实践促进护理知识转化

编者的话《护士进修杂志》历年来一直致力于促进循证护理思想的传播和循证护理方法的应用,推动循证护理实践在我国的发展。本期与复旦大学JBI循证护理合作中心合作,推出“循证护理”专刊,旨在通过传播循证实践理念,促进我国护理学科的发展。