推动证据向临床转化(五)证据临床转化研究中的文献质量评价

循证实践是对公开报道的研究进行组织、整理、评价、整合、分类、遴选和有效利用的过程,以促进证据向临床转化,促进护理实践水平的提高。在证据临床转化的四个阶段中,文献质量评价是证据准备阶段的关键环节。本文将详细介绍对指南、专家共识、系统评价和原始研究的文献质量评价的原则和方法,为研究者进一步梳理可用的证据,开展后续临床转化环节提供依据。     

推动证据向临床转化(四)以临床转化为目的的证据资源检索

对证据临床转化时的证据检索进行阐述和总结,包括证据资源的分布与类型、以临床转化为目的的证据检索流程,旨在促进护理人员理解证据检索的原则、方法与策略,规范证据检索,促进证据实施。     

推动证据向临床转化(九)证据临床转化过程中的障碍因素分析

本文旨在详细阐述如何进行证据临床转化前的障碍因素分析。介绍了证据临床转化过程中,常用的2大类障碍因素分析法,即以循证实践模式为指导的障碍因素分析法和结合应用质量管理工具的障碍因素分析法,有助于指导在证据临床转化过程中进行全面的障碍因素分析,制定全方位有效的变革策略。     

推动证据向临床转化(六)证据总结的制作与撰写

本文对证据临床转化过程中的证据总结进行阐述,包括证据总结的制作流程和撰写建议,旨在促进护理人员高效整合证据,推动证据实施。     

推动证据向临床转化 (二)如何选择知识转化理论模式

本文作为证据临床转化方法学系列文章的第二篇,旨在详细阐述如何选择合适的知识转化理论模式,以指导和促进证据向临床的转化。本文分析了理论、模式和概念框架的内涵,并介绍了5个知识转化领域最常用的理论模式,包括KTA知识转化框架、渥太华研究应用模式、PARIHS框架、复旦循证护理路径图和基于证据的持续质量改进模式图。在此基础上,分析了在推动证据临床转化的过程中,选择合适的知识转化理论模式的重要性、依据及应注意的问题。     

推动证据向临床转化 (七)证据的可用性评价

本文旨在详细阐述如何对证据的可用性进行评价。笔者系统回顾了证据的内涵,阐述了证据的4大特征,并详细介绍了证据可用性评价的内容和方法,指出证据可用性评价是1个结合专业判断的过程,是将证据应用于实践前的必要环节,并有助于明确证据临床转化中证据层面的障碍因素。     

推动证据向临床转化(十)证据临床转化过程中的变革策略构建∗

本文详细阐述了如何根据前期障碍因素分析制定适合临床转化的变革策略。介绍了证据转化实施过程中,应从系统、实践者和患者3个层面着手,制定全方位有效的变革策略,并将有效的变革策略融入日常工作流程和制度中,以确保变革方案在实践中的整合和维持。     

推动证据向临床转化(三)研究的选题和问题构建

开展证据向临床转化相关研究的起点是选择合适的主题、构建循证问题。确定研究的纳入排除标准,也是构建系统性文献检索策略的基础。本文将详细介绍证据临床转化研究的选题原则、选题流程和构建结构化的研究问题的PIPOST模型,为研究者进一步梳理证据实施临床转化中所包含的重要元素,开展后续应用环节提供依据。     

推动证据向临床转化 (八)审查指标的构建

审查指标的构建是一个科学、系统的过程,审查指标应基于现有的证据并结合专业判断,并根据证据的动态发展进行持续更新和完善。本文旨在详细介绍如何构建科学的审查指标,阐述了构建审查指标的意义,描述了审查指标的内涵及类型,分析了审查指标的7大特征及审查指标构建的方法和步骤。在此基础上,提出了构建审查指标的建议。     

推动证据向临床转化 (十二)促进者角色与促进策略

本文旨在描述促进及促进者的相关概念,分析促进因素和促进者的特征;描述证据实施中促进者的3种角色,总结在证据实施中可采取的促进策略;讨论并建议促进策略应用时的关注点及未来的研究方向。     

我国护理领域证据临床转化研究的范围综述

目的:探讨我国护理领域内证据临床转化研究的现状、所依据的证据质量、研究方法及研究内容。方法:使用证据转化证据应用等检索词在中国生物医学文献数据库、中国知网、万方数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库中进行检索,应用Arksey和O’Malley的范围综述方法对文献进行分析。结果:共纳入152篇文献,95.4%的文献发表于2015年之后,92.1%的文献发表在护理类期刊上,27.0%的文献提供了系统的检索策略,43.3%的文献进行了方法学质量评价,74.3%的文献均没有对证据的可用性进行评价。证据转化以症状护理为主题的文献最多,占39.5%,87.5%的文献采用了前后对照方法来评价证据转化的效果,所有的研究均构建了综合性、多元化的证据转化策略,包括基于证据(42.1%)和基于障碍因素的干预策略(57.9%)。73.7%的文献采用了多元化指标对效果进行评价,仅有7.2%的文献提出了应维持证据在临床的持续应用。结论:我国护理领域内证据临床转化研究数量上呈现明显的增加趋势,但转化所依据的证据质量及研究方法尚需要加强,应采取策略推动证据在实践的持续应用。     

A training program for nurse scientists to promote intervention translation

Background

To reduce the burden of chronic illness, prevention and management interventions must be efficacious, adopted and implemented with fidelity, and reach those at greatest risk. Yet, many research-tested interventions are slow to translate into practice.

Knowledge translation in physical therapy: from theory to practice

Abstract

Purpose: Knowledge translation (KT) has emerged as a concept that can lead to a greater utilization of evidence-based research in systems of care. Despite a rise in KT research, the literature on KT in relation to physical therapy practice is scarce. This article provides physical therapists (PTs) with recommendations that can support the effective implementation of new knowledge and scientific evidence in clinical practice. Method: Recommendations are grounded in the Ottawa Model of Research Use and in the literature in KT in the health professions. Results: A well-established KT process, which is supported by a planning model, is essential to guide the implementation of scientific evidence. Consensus among all stakeholders about what evidence will be implemented must be reached. Context-related barriers and facilitators should be assessed and tailored active and multi-component interventions should be considered. Participation from individuals in intermediary positions (e.g. opinion leaders) supports implementation of KT interventions. Monitoring of the process and assessment of intended outcomes should be performed in order to assess the success of the implementation. Conclusion: Five major recommendations grounded in the Ottawa model are provided that can assist PTs with the complex task of implementing new knowledge in their clinical practice.

• Implications for Rehabilitation

• In order to support EBP, knowledge translation interventions can be used to support best practice.

• Implementation of new knowledge should be guided by a framework or a conceptual model.

• Consensus on the evidence must be reached and assessment of context-related factors should be done prior to the implementation of any KT intervention.

• Intervention strategies should be active, multi-component and include individuals with intermediary positions that can facilitate the KT process.

     

Knowledge translation from continuing education to physiotherapy practice in classifying patients with low back pain

Abstract

Objectives:

Physical therapists have used continuing education as a method of improving their skills in conducting clinical examination of patients with low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well the pathoanatomical classification of patients in acute or subacute LBP can be learned and applied through a continuing education format. The patients were seen in a direct access setting.

Methods:

The study was carried out in a large health-care center in Finland. The analysis included a total of 57 patient evaluations generated by six physical therapists on patients with LBP. We analyzed the consistency and level of agreement of the six physiotherapists’ (PTs) diagnostic decisions, who participated in a 5-day, intensive continuing education session and also compared those with the diagnostic opinions of two expert physical therapists, who were blind to the original diagnostic decisions. Evaluation of the physical therapists’ clinical examination of the patients was conducted by the two experts, in order to determine the accuracy and percentage agreement of the pathoanatomical diagnoses.

Results:

The percentage of agreement between the experts and PTs was 72–77%. The overall inter-examiner reliability (kappa coefficient) for the subgroup classification between the six PTs and two experts was 0·63 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0·47–0·77], indicating good agreement between the PTs and the two experts. The overall inter-examiner reliability between the two experts was 0·63 (0·49–0·77) indicating good level of agreement.

Discussion:

Our results indicate that PTs’ were able to apply their continuing education training to clinical reasoning and make consistently accurate pathoanatomic based diagnostic decisions for patients with LBP. This would suggest that continuing education short-courses provide a reasonable format for knowledge translation (KT) by which physical therapists can learn and apply new information related to the examination and differential diagnosis of patients in acute or subacute LBP.     

Knowledge translation from continuing education to physiotherapy practice in classifying patients with low back pain

Objectives:Physical therapists have used continuing education as a method of improving their skills in conducting clinical examination of patients with low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well the pathoanatomical classification of patients in acute or subacute LBP can be learned and applied through a continuing education format. The patients were seen in a direct access setting.Methods:The study was carried out in a large health-care center in Finland. The analysis included a total of 57 patient evaluations generated by six physical therapists on patients with LBP. We analyzed the consistency and level of agreement of the six physiotherapists’ (PTs) diagnostic decisions, who participated in a 5-day, intensive continuing education session and also compared those with the diagnostic opinions of two expert physical therapists, who were blind to the original diagnostic decisions. Evaluation of the physical therapists’ clinical examination of the patients was conducted by the two experts, in order to determine the accuracy and percentage agreement of the pathoanatomical diagnoses.Results:The percentage of agreement between the experts and PTs was 72–77%. The overall inter-examiner reliability (kappa coefficient) for the subgroup classification between the six PTs and two experts was 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.77], indicating good agreement between the PTs and the two experts. The overall inter-examiner reliability between the two experts was 0.63 (0.49–0.77) indicating good level of agreement.Discussion:Our results indicate that PTs’ were able to apply their continuing education training to clinical reasoning and make consistently accurate pathoanatomic based diagnostic decisions for patients with LBP. This would suggest that continuing education short-courses provide a reasonable format for knowledge translation (KT) by which physical therapists can learn and apply new information related to the examination and differential diagnosis of patients in acute or subacute LBP.     

A survey of the uptake and implementation of research evidence by South Australian acupuncturists in clinical practice: attitudes and associated predictive factors

OBJECTIVE: To examine South Australian acupuncturists' attitudes towards the use of research evidence and concurrently identify predicative factors associated with the uptake and implementation of research evidence. METHODS: Questionnaires were mailed out to the entire South Australian acupuncturist population (n=94). The population was divided into two groups, medical acupuncturists (general practitioners or other medical specialists) and non-medical acupuncturists, as previous studies have suggested that clinicians' attitudes to EBP are particular to the clinical setting. RESULTS: The total response rate to the survey was 76.6% (n=72). The difference in response rates between non-medical acupuncturists (90.9%, n=60) and medical acupuncturists (42%, n=12) was significant (p<0.0001). Over half of all respondents had both prior research training and previous research experience. Both groups held positive attitudes to research utilization, the use of research information was considered to be an important component of their professional practice, although they prioritized patient care over both reading research evidence and undertaking primary research. There was no significant difference in research interest between groups. The only predicative factor that influenced research utilization was related to the non-medical acupuncturists period of time in practice; non-medical acupuncturists interest in research (rho=-0.29, p=0.036) declined as they accrued clinical experience. No predictive factors were identified for the medical acupuncturist group. CONCLUSION: South Australian acupuncturists hold favorable views towards research utilization and consider the integration of research evidence into clinical practice as an important component of professional development. Professional associations should implement strategies which capitalize on the respondents' positive attitudes in order to ensure high quality evidence-based care for patients seeking acupuncture.     

Engaging national and regional partners to accelerate broad-scale implementation of nurse-developed interventions

Only a small proportion of research-tested interventions translate into broad-scale implementation in real world practice, and when they do, it often takes many years. Partnering with national and regional organizations is one strategies that researchers may apply to speed the translation of interventions into real-world practice. Through these partnerships, researchers can promote and distribute interventions to the audiences they want their interventions to reach. In this paper, we describe five nurse scientists’ programs of research and their partnerships with networks of national, regional, and local organizations, including their initial formative work, activities to engage multi-level network partners, and lessons learned about partnership approaches to speeding broad-scale implementation.