联合肝叶切除的肝门部胆管癌R0级根治术明显延长患者生存期

目的：本文通过分析单个医学中心5年期间所实施的肝门部胆管癌手术治疗病例资料,确定影响患者术后生存的因素。方法：收集并分析西安交通大学医学院第一附属医院肝胆外科2003-2007年实施102例肝门部胆管癌根治术患者的临床资料,通过统计学方法分析影响患者术后生存期的因素。结果：25例（24.5%）患者入院时丧失接受根治性手术机会,仅行PTBD减黄治疗。77例患者接受开腹手术治疗,67例（87.0%）患者接受根治性切除,其中51例（76.1%）患者术后证实达到R0级。接受开腹手术患者术后1月的并发症发生率为20.8%,术后1月无患者死亡。单因素分析发现联合肝叶切除的根治术、R0级根治术、较好的肿瘤分化程度、肿瘤大小和未发生淋巴结肿瘤转移均影响患者术后的生存期。多因素分析证实联合肝叶切除的根治术和R0级根治术是影响患者术后生存的独立因素。结论：达到R0级的联合肝叶切除的肝门部胆管癌根治术明显延长患者术后生存期,可考虑成为肝门部胆管癌外科治疗的金标准。     

肝门部胆管癌的诊断及不可切除肝门部胆管癌的治疗研究进展

肝门部胆管癌（hilar cholangiocarcinoma,HCCA）在亚洲的发病率较高,我国是发病率及死亡率最高的国家之一。HCCA早期症状隐匿,临床诊断较为困难,患者就诊时多处于癌症晚期,失去手术机会;对于不可切除HCCA,不同治疗方法的疗效不尽相同。本文基于一些现有的临床试验,对HCCA的诊断及不可切除HCCA的治疗研究进展进行综述,旨在为HCCA的临床诊断及治疗提供参考。     

肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗

胆管癌占人类恶性肿瘤的2％，是一种并不常见的消化道肿瘤，但可以发生于胆道系统的任何部位，以肝门胆管汇合部最常见，约占其中的40％-60％。肝门部胆管癌是指肝总管、左右肝管及其汇合部发生的恶性肿瘤，也称近端胆管癌或高位胆管癌。1957年Ahemeier首次描述该病症。     

联合肝叶切除治疗肝门部胆管癌的疗效分析

背景与目的：肝门部胆管癌(hilar cholangiocarcinoma,HC)侵袭途径广泛以及术后缺乏有效辅助治疗,目前患者获得治愈的惟一途径依然是手术根治性切除。术前可切除性评估、术前胆道引流、肝切除的范围及淋巴结清扫范围等问题一直是研究的热点。本文探讨联合肝叶切除治疗HC的临床经验及疗效。方法：回顾性分析昆明医科大学第一附属医院2007年1月—2013年10月行手术治疗的207例HC患者的临床及随访资料。结果：全组207例患者中,125例行根治性切除(R₀切除),R₀切除率为60.4%。联合肝叶切除156例,肝叶切除组获R0切除率70.5%;51例行单纯性切除,单纯性切除组获R₀切除率29.4%,两组比较R₀切除率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。2例患者死于围手术期,术后主要并发症包括肝肾功能不全和胆漏。获得随访的172例中,102例行R₀切除的患者中位生存时间为45个月,术后1、3、5年累积生存率分别为96.1%、59.1%、17.2%,70例行R_1-2切除的患者中位生存时间为26个月,术后1、3年累积生存率分别为81.3%、19.2%,无5年存活患者。获得R₀切除患者术后生存率优于姑息性切除(R_1-2切除)患者,差异有统计学意义(χ²=39.121,P<0.01)。在联合肝叶切除组中获R₀切除患者术后1、3、5年生存率为97.8%、63.9%、18.0%,在单纯性切除组中获R₀切除患者术后1、3、5年生存率为83.3%、20.8%、8.3%,两组术后生存率差异有统计学意义(χ²=5.988,P=0.014)。结论：根治性切除是提高HC远期疗效的关键,联合肝叶切除及标准化淋巴结清扫可显著提高HC的根治性切除率及远期疗效。     

肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗:291例回顾

目的 分析一个单位1986年-2002年间治疗肝门部胆管癌291例的经验。方法 回顾1986年-2002年在解放军总医院肝胆外科治疗291例肝门部胆管癌的纪录,病例分为2组:Ⅰ组:1986年1月-1999年1月,共157例;Ⅱ组为1999年2月-2002年6月,共134例。外科治疗手段包括根治性切除术、姑息性切除术或内、外胆道引流术,主要是依据手术中所发现的病理情况决定。根治性切除术的标准是指切除的边缘病理上未发现残留癌细胞者。根治性切除率在两组分别为37.6％和41.2％。无切除术后30天内死亡。随访结果是通过信件、电话及门诊获得,随访率为88.8％。结果 在我国,肝外胆管癌是并非少见的疾病,近年来手术治疗的病例数有增多倾向。然而,由于肿瘤居于肝门部胆管的深在位置,所以根治性切除手术有困难,甚至联合肝切除亦难以达到根治目的,因而在两组病例中,根治性切除率分别仅为37.6％和41.2％。在第Ⅰ组中,有4例病人于切除术后长期无瘤生存,5年以上生存率为13.3％;另有2例病人亦生存达5年以上,但癌复发,现仍在接受进一步治疗。在第Ⅱ组中尚未有5年生存者,3年生存率为13.6％。结论 肝门部胆管癌是多态性的疾病,只有极少数表现为较“良性”的倾向,而绝大多数则于手术切除后易于复发,虽然手术似乎是已达治愈性。切除性治疗,甚至是姑息性切     

联合门静脉切除的肝门部胆管癌根治切除术及远期疗效观察

目的观察联合门静脉切除在肝门部胆管癌治疗中的远期治疗效果。方法总结2000年3月至2005年3月收治的38例肝门部胆管癌的临床资料。结果 38例中浸润门静脉的15例肝门部胆管癌行联合门静脉切除胆管癌根治术,其中门静脉分叉部联合左半肝切除4例,门静脉主干切除7例,门静脉侧壁切除修补术4例。术后因肝肠吻合口漏、肝功能衰竭死亡1例,其余14例术后随访平均生存(31.40±3.44)个月。未浸润门静脉的肝门部胆管癌23例行肝门胆管癌根治术,术后平均生存(34.04±4.43)个月。两组生存期差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论肝门胆管癌浸润门静脉不是肿瘤切除的禁忌证。联合门静脉肝门胆管癌切除术可提高肝门部胆管癌的治愈切除率,并可获得较满意的远期生存。     

36例肝门部胆管癌临床分析

作者对３６例肝门部胆管癌进行了回顾性分析。由于本病早期无特异症状，延迟诊断率达６３．８％。诊断除根据临床表现及实验室检查外，Ｂ超属选首，此外ＣＴ、ＰＴＣ、ＥＲＣＰ、彩色多普勒、选择性肝动脉造影以及术中胆道镜检查活检，均有助于明确诊断和拟定治疗方案。治疗应力争手术切除（３１．４％），减黄手术（６５．９％）对缓解病情有积极意义。     

肝门部胆管癌诊治进展

肝门部胆管癌 (hilar bile duct cancer,HBDC)是指发生在左肝管、右肝管、左右肝管分叉部和肝总管上段的癌。 Klaskin于 1 965年详细地描述了此类肿瘤的临床特征 ,故常称为 Klaskin瘤。据报道 ,Klaskin瘤约占肝外胆管癌的 58%～ 75%。由于以往对该病认识不足 ,加之肿瘤生长部位隐蔽 ,早期诊断较困难。患者多以进行性黄疸为主要表现 ,常被误诊为“传染性肝炎”而予以治疗 ,乃至病人到外科就诊时已为晚期。自 80年代以来 ,随着现代影像技术的发展 ,临床上对肝门部胆管癌的诊断与治疗也取得了长足的进展。1　临床分型高位胆管癌临床分型 ,目…     

血管切除及重建治疗肝门部胆管癌

目的 分析肝门部胆管癌患者的预后及术后并发症的发生率,探讨血管切除及重建在肝门部胆管癌治疗中的价值.方法 对117例行手术探查的肝门部胆管癌患者病例资料进行回顾性分77析.结果术后病理检查提示,在切除的血管标本中,有82.6%的门静脉血管外膜和50.O%的肝动脉血管外膜被肿瘤侵犯.无血管切除组吻合口瘘和肝功能衰竭的发生率与肝动脉切除组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而与单纯门静脉切除组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).无血管切除组患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为59.0%、34.0%和16.0%,与单纯门静脉切除组和肝动脉切除组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);非手术切除组患者的1、3、5年生存率分别为13.O%、0和0,与单纯门静脉切除组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＞0.叭),而与肝动脉切除组比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 联合门静脉切除和肝动脉切除均能提高肝门部胆管癌的根治切除率.门静脉切除及重建,不仅能改善部分患者的预后,也不增加手术风险;而肝动脉切除及重建对患者的预后无明显影响,但增加了手术风险.     

肝门部胆管癌的外科治疗选择

胆管癌主要指源于肝外胆管的肿瘤,与肝内的胆管细胞癌有较大的区别。初期的症状主要有梗阻性黄疸,由于解剖部位的原因,外科治疗常因技术原因而显得困难。目前最有效的治疗仍然是切除肿瘤。我院近5年来收治的胆管癌97例,上段癌占53.6%。     

47例肝门部胆管癌的相关预后影响因素分析

目的探讨影响肝门部胆管癌的预后因素。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2009年1月47例肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料,分析肝门部胆管癌的预后影响因素。结果全组患者的1年生存率为63.6%,3年生存率为18.2%,5年生存率为6.8%。Cox回归模型分析显示肿瘤分期和局部浸润与转移是影响肝门部胆管癌患者预后的独立风险因素。结论肝门部胆管癌的预后与肿瘤分期和局部浸润与转移密切相关,选择适宜的治疗方式,有望获得良好的近远期治疗效果。     

Extended right hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma with resection of the left hepatic duct prior to hepatic resection

Extended hepatectomy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma results in high operative or in-hospital mortality rates despite of the recent progress in perioperative management. As a new procedure to prevent postoperative hepatic failure in hilar cholangiocarcinoma infiltrating predominantly the right hepatic duct, we devised a combination of extended right lobectomy plus caudal lobectomy with resection of the left hepatic duct prior to hepatic resection by utilizing intraoperative cholangiography, and applied the procedure to a 70-year-old patient. He had a favorable postoperative course and remains recurrence-free at 4 years after operation. This is a procedure for confining the extent of hepatectomy to the minimum necessary, aiming at curative resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.     

The impact of portal vein resection on outcomes for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: A multi-institutional analysis of 305 cases

BACKGROUND. Surgical strategy for hilar cholangiocarcinoma often includes hepatectomy, but the role of portal vein resection (PVR) remains controversial. In this study, the authors sought to identify factors associated with outcome after surgical management of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and examined the impact of PVR on survival.

METHODS:

Three hundred five patients who underwent curative‐intent surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma between 1984 and 2010 were identified from an international, multi‐institutional database. Clinicopathologic data were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses.

RESULTS:

Most patients had hilar cholangiocarcinoma with tumors classified as T3/T4 (51.1%) and Bismuth‐Corlette type II/III (60.9%). Resection involved extrahepatic bile duct resection (EHBR) alone (26.6%); or hepatectomy and EHBR without PVR (56.7%); or combined hepatectomy, EHBR, and PVR (16.7%). Negative resection (R0) margin status was higher among the patients who underwent hepatectomy plus EHBR (without PVR, 64.2%; with PVR, 66.7%) versus EHBR alone (54.3%; P < .001). The median number of lymph nodes assessed was higher among the patients who underwent hepatectomy plus EHBR (without PVR, 6 lymph nodes; with PVR, 4 lymph nodes) versus EHBR alone (2 lymph nodes; P < .001). The 90‐day mortality rate was lower for patients who underwent EHBR alone (1.2%) compared with the rate for patients who underwent hepatectomy plus EHBR (without PVR, 10.6%, with PVR, 17.6%; P < .001). The overall 5‐year survival rate was 20.2%. Factors that were associated with an adverse prognosis included lymph node metastasis (hazard ratio [HR], 1.79; P = .002) and R1 margin status (HR, 1.81; P < .001). Microscopic vascular invasion did not influence survival (HR, 1.23; P = .19). Among the patients who underwent hepatectomy plus EHBR, PVR was not associated with a worse long‐term outcome (P = .76).

CONCLUSIONS:

EHBR alone was associated with a greater risk of positive surgical margins and worse lymph node clearance. The current results indicated that hepatectomy should be considered the standard treatment for hilar cholangiocarcinoma, and PVR should be undertaken when necessary to extirpate all disease. Combined hepatectomy, EHBR, and PVR can offer long‐term survival in some patients with advanced hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Cancer 2012. © 2012 American Cancer Society.     

Ⅲ Ⅳ型肝门胆管癌扩大肝切除临床疗效分析*

目的:探讨扩大肝切除对Bismuth-Corlette Ⅲ、Ⅳ型肝门胆管癌的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析蚌埠医学院第一附属医院2008年1 月至2015年5 月61例Bismuth-Corlette Ⅲ、Ⅳ型肝门部胆管癌患者的临床资料。其中扩大肝切除组行半肝及以上肝切除和（或）联合尾状叶切除术22例;局限肝切除组行肝门区不规则肝切除术39例。结果:扩大肝切除组患者相比局限肝切除组手术时间长、术中出血量多。扩大肝切除组患者并发症发生率低于局限肝切除组患者;扩大肝切除组无围手术期死亡患者,局限肝切除组有2 例围手术期死亡患者;扩大肝切除组R 0 切除21例,R 0 切除率为95.5%（21/ 22）,局限肝切除组R 0 切除20例,R 0 切除率为51.3%（20/ 39）,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）;扩大肝切除组1、3、5 年生存率分别是77.27% 、36.36% 、13.64% ;局限肝切除组1、3、5 年生存率分别是69.23% 、20.51% 、1.64% ,差异具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。 结论:Bismuth-Corlette Ⅲ、Ⅳ型肝门部胆管癌扩大肝切除可以有效提高患者的R 0 切除率和生存率,改善患者的预后。      

影响肝门部胆管癌预后的临床病理学因素分析

目的:分析影响肝门部胆管癌术后预后的因素.方法:对1997～2003年经手术切除的临床病例资料齐全的86例肝门部胆管癌患者进行研究,选择可能影响预后的8个临床病理学因素,将其对总体生存时间的影响进行单因素分析,并通过Cox比例风险模型进行多因素分析.结果:单因素分析显示,淋巴结转移(χ2=7.968,P=0.005)、肿瘤组织学分级(χ2=7.576,P=0.023)和神经浸润(χ2=5.504,P=0.019)影响肝门部胆管癌的预后;Cox风险比例模型多因素分析结果显示,淋巴结转移和神经浸润是影响肝门部胆管癌切除术后预后的独立因素.结论:影响肝门部胆管癌患者切除术后预后的独立因素是淋巴结转移和神经浸润.     

肝部分切除与肝十二指肠韧带骨髂化治疗肝门部胆管癌

Objective To summarize the surgical experience of partial hepatectomy with skeletonization of the hepatoduodenal ligament in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods Between Jan.1999 and Dec,2001,67 consecutive patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent surgical exploration at the Second Military Medical University,Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital.The clinical data of these patients were reviewed.Results Of the 67 patients,65(97%) underwent surgical resection.Fourty-nine patients(73%) received curative resection:22 skeletonization resection(SR) and 27 SR combined with partial hepatectomy.In 16 patients(9%) with curative resection the tumor margin was histologically postive and the resection was therefore considered palliative.The tumors were classified according to Bismuth with SR was type Ⅱ(17cases),various types of partial hepatectomy with SR was type Ⅲ and type IV.Right lobectomy with right caudate lobectomy was indicated in type Ⅲ(6cases),left lobectomy with complete caudate lobectomy in type Ⅲb(15cases),right loobectomy with complete caudate lobectomy(3 cases),left lobectomy with complete caudate lobectomy(9 cases) and quadrate lobectomy(2 cases)in type IV.SR and left lobectomy with complete caudate lobectomy was successfully performed in 2 patients(3%) who had undergone palliative biliary resection and cholangiojejunostomy before.Eight patients(12%) had local resecton of the tumor with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy reconstruction using intrahepatic stents.Two patients(3%) had palliative biliary drainage.Combined portal vein resection was performed in 13 patients(20%) and hepatic artery resection in 27 patients(40%) .Twenty-four atients(36%) had no postoperative complication,23 patients(34%) had minor complications only ,and the remaining 20 patients(30%) had major complications.Of the 20 patients with major complications,14 recovered,the remaining 6 patients died from hepatorenal failure with other organ failures,from myocardial infarction or from intraabdominal or gastrointestianl bleeding 7,12,14,42,57 or 89 days after surgery.The 30-day operative mortality was 4.5%.The mean survival of the patient with curative resecton was 16 months(range 1-32 months);for those undergong palliative resection mean survival was 7 months(range 1-14months).Conlusion Partial hepatectomy with SR for hilar cholangiocarcinoma can be performed with acceptable morbidity and mortality.For curative treatmet of hilar cholangiocarcinoma,caudate lobectomy is always recommended in Bismuth Ⅲ/IV.