氧氟沙星眼膏在泪道探通术中的应用

目的探讨机械疏通联合应用氧氟沙星眼膏留置泪道治疗泪道阻塞的疗效。方法常规方法下对57例57眼泪道阻塞行探通术，留针15min后向泪道内注入氧氟沙星眼膏。结果42例溢泪消失、冲洗泪道通畅为治愈(73．68％)；6例轻度泪溢、冲洗泪道稍有阻力为好转(10．53％)；9例仍溢泪、冲洗泪道不通为无效(15．79％)。总有效率为8．4．21％。结论泪道探通术联合应用氧氟沙星眼膏留置泪道是治疗泪道阻塞的有效方法。     

婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞的综合治疗

目的探讨应用抗生素眼液滴眼加泪囊区按摩法、泪道加压冲洗法、鼻泪管探通术综合治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞的临床应用价值及治疗效果.方法回顾自2000年11月～2005年5月在我院眼科门诊治疗的382例(419眼)婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞的病历资料,首诊年龄3d～6y.根据患者年龄和症状分别采用抗生素眼液滴眼加泪囊区按摩法、泪道加压冲洗法、鼻泪管探通术的综合治疗进行处理,并随访6个月以上.以无泪溢,眼无分泌物,泪道冲洗通畅或极少返流为治愈标准.结果综合治疗治愈率97.1%,其中5.5%为抗生素眼液滴眼加泪囊区按摩法治愈,11.2%为泪道加压冲洗法治愈,80.4%鼻泪管探通术治愈.2.9%的病例未愈,2.3%病例发生并发症.结论综合治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞是行之有效且风险较小的一种治疗方法.(中国眼耳鼻喉科杂志,2006,6:97～98)     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞泪道探通最佳时机的探讨

目的评估先天性鼻泪管阻塞最佳手术探通时机。方法随机选择眼科门诊2009年1月至2010年9月1057例(1232只眼)先天性鼻泪管阻塞病例。根据年龄分为A组(<1个月),B组(1～3个月),C组(3～6个月),D组(≥6个月)4组进行观察,所有患儿均在局麻下采用泪道冲洗探通针一次性完成泪道探通手术,手术前后使用生理盐水行泪道冲洗1～2 d,术后予妥布霉素滴眼液滴眼,对于术后泪道不通患儿手术1周复行泪道再次探通,2次探通失败者手术后1个月后再行泪道探通术。治愈标准为无溢泪,无分泌物,泪道冲洗通畅。术后仍然流泪,伴分泌物,泪道冲洗不畅为无效。结果 A组、B组、C组、D组1次治愈率分别为100%、93.3%、82.6%、66.7%,4组比较,患儿年龄越小,手术探通治愈率越高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论先天性鼻泪管阻塞,年龄越小手术治愈率越高,出生后3个月内为最佳探通治疗时机。     

探通术加四环素可的松眼膏联合治疗泪道阻塞

目的：探讨机械疏通联合应用四环素可的松眼膏留置泪道治疗泪道塞的疗效。方法：常规方法下对17例17眼泪道阻塞（主要是泪囊至鼻泪管处阻塞／狭窄,以下简称下段泪道阻塞／狭窄）行探通术,留针20分钟后边退空心针、边向泪道内注入四环素可的松眼膏。结果12例溢泪消失,冲睛道通畅为治愈（占70．6％）;2例轻度泪溢、冲洗泪道稍有阻力为有效（占（11．8％）,3例仍溢泪、冲洗泪道不通为无效（占17．6％）。结论泪道探通术联合应用四环素可的松眼膏治疗泪道阻塞总有效率达82．4％。应用探通术加四环素可的松眼膏留置泪道是治疗下段泪道塞的有效方法。     

两种泪道探通冲洗术治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞的疗效比较

目的:比较改良的冲洗式泪道探通术与泪道探通冲洗一体式治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞的治疗效果。方法:选取2008-07/2012-09在我院门诊就诊的252例273眼先天性鼻泪管阻塞的患儿,作为本次的观察对象;其中140例156眼行改良的冲洗式泪道探通,112例117眼行泪道探通冲洗一体式治疗,比较两种方法的治疗效果,并随访1wk～1mo。结果:改良冲洗式泪道探通术一次性探通成功152眼,术后随访有2眼再次阻塞;泪道探通冲洗一体式一次性探通成功107眼,术后随访有8眼再次阻塞;两组比较差异明显具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:改良的冲洗式泪道探通术对先天性鼻泪管阻塞的治疗效果明显优于泪道探通冲洗一体式。     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞的综合治疗

目的　先天性鼻泪管阻塞是婴幼儿常见的眼病 ,其处理历来存在争议。本文的研究目的是探讨应用滴抗菌素眼液加泪囊挤压按摩、泪道加压冲洗及鼻泪管探通术的综合治疗方法对先天性鼻泪管阻塞患儿的临床应用价值及其治疗效果。方法我们回顾性分析了 4 83例 54 7眼 ,从 1997年 1月～ 2 0 0 0年 12月在中山眼科中心小儿眼科门诊治疗的先天性鼻泪管阻塞的病例资料 ,首诊平均年龄为 11.8个月。根据患者的年龄和症状 ,分别采用滴抗菌素眼液加泪囊挤压按摩 ,泪道加压冲洗及鼻泪管探通的综合治疗方法进行处理 ,并观察随访 3个月以上 ,症状消失作为治愈的指标。结果　综合治疗方法对先天性鼻泪管阻塞总的治愈率为 97.3 % .其中 6.1%病例用滴抗菌素眼液加泪囊挤压按摩法治愈 ;8.2 %病例用泪道加压冲洗法治愈 ;83 %的病例用鼻泪管探通术治愈。共有 15例患儿在治疗中发生并发症。结论　综合治疗方法对先天性鼻泪管阻塞患儿是安全有效的处理方法。     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞探通手术的护理体会

目的　探讨先天性鼻泪管阻塞探通手术的方法和护理。方法　 5 8例 (66眼 )中 ,男 3 4例 (3 8眼 ) ;女 2 4例 (2 8眼 ) ,年龄 5 0天～ 2岁 ,平均 (1.1± 0 .5 )岁。手术方法 :表麻后 ,扩张下泪点 ,用冲洗式探针由下泪点进针行探通术 ,至鼻泪管下端阻塞处刺破隔膜进入鼻腔。结果　 66眼中治愈 63眼 ,治愈率 95 .45 %。结论　先天性鼻泪管阻塞合并泪囊炎采用冲洗式泪道探通术是一种简单有效的治疗方法。     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞的治疗

目的探讨先天性鼻泪管阻塞的治疗效果。方法选取在本院接受治疗并有随诊记录的先天性鼻泪管阻塞的患儿共97例(117眼)。根据年龄大小的不同而分别采取泪囊按摩、加压冲洗及泪道探通三种治疗方法并行疗效统计。结果年龄1∽3个月患儿42例(52眼),选用泪囊挤压按摩法,31眼治愈,占59.62%。4月~1岁患儿34例(41眼),选用加压冲洗法,一次治愈36眼,占87.80%。1~2岁患儿21例(24眼),选用泪道探通法,一次治愈18眼,占75.00%。结论根据年龄大小,选择性采取泪囊挤压按摩、加压冲洗及泪道探通更为合理而有效治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞。     

探针式泪道冲洗针治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞

目的观察探针式泪道冲洗针治疗婴幼儿先天性鼻泪管阻塞的临床疗效。方法对83例（86眼）先天性鼻泪管阻塞的婴幼儿用探针式泪道冲洗针冲洗探通治疗进行观察分析。结果83例（86眼）先天性鼻泪管阻塞，全部探通治愈，其中1次探通治愈78眼（90．70％），2次探通治愈6眼（6．98％），3次探通治愈2眼（2．32％）。无1例出现假道或下泪点撕裂，无并发急性泪囊炎。结论厢探针式泪道冲洗针冲洗探通治疗先天性鼻泪管阻塞是有效的方法。     

婴儿先天性泪囊炎泪道探通术的体会

目的 评价泪道探通术治疗婴儿先天性泪囊炎的效果.方法 年龄2～12月的婴儿先天性泪囊炎,192例（226眼）,以5号冲洗式泪道探针经下泪点进针行泪道探通术,按年龄组进行疗效观察分析.结果 226眼先天性泪囊炎探通术224眼治愈,治愈率为99.12%,其中一次探通治愈220眼,一次探通治愈率为97.35%.2～5月龄者112例,一次探通治愈率为100%.并发症主要为出血共9眼（3.98%）,无1例假道形成.结论 用5号冲洗式泪道探针经下泪小管进行泪道探通术是治疗先天性泪囊炎的一种操作简便、成功率高、并发症少且复发率低的治疗方法.5月龄以下的婴儿效果更好.     

先天性鼻泪管阻塞治疗探讨

目的 探讨先天性鼻泪管阻塞的不同治疗方法和治疗时机.方法 回顾分析了735例837只眼在复旦大学附属儿科医院诊断为先天性鼻泪管阻塞的患儿,平均首诊年龄4.5月.根据首诊年龄和症状分别采用保守治疗、加压泪道冲洗法和泪道探通法,经随访3～16月,平均6.4月.以溢泪症状完全消失作为治愈指标.结果 保守治疗的有效率为14.7%;加压泪道冲洗法的有效率为25.4%;泪道探通法的有效率为97.2%;15只眼未愈.早期探通(<6月龄组)1次成功率为87.7%;后期探通(>7月龄组)1次成功率为56.6%.结论 泪道探通法治疗先天性鼻泪管阻寒安全有效,最佳干预时机为4～6月龄.     

Prevalence of buried probe in complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction and evaluation of its success rate post ‘probing and irrigation’: a single-centre retrospective study

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of buried probe variant of complex congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and to evaluate the outcome of probing and irrigation in such cases. Institutional review board approval was taken.

Material & Methods: A total of 309 eyes (258 patients) were diagnosed with CNLDO during the study period of January 2014–March 2017. A retrospective file review of 25 lacrimal systems of 20 patients diagnosed as buried probe variant of complex CNLDO was carried out during the study period.

Result: Buried probe variant of complex CNLDO was found to be 8% of the total CNLDO cases during the study period. Mean age at presentation was 1.7 years (range 8–48 months). Discharge and matting of eyelashes were the presenting symptoms in 22 out of 25 (88%) cases, whereas the only epiphora was the presenting symptom in three (12%) cases. Regurgitation of mucopurulent discharge on pressure over lacrimal sac area was positive in 16 out of 25 (64%) eyes. Associated lacrimal and nasal pathologies were seen in six out of 25 cases (24%).

Success rate in buried probe variant cases of CNLDO in our study at 3-month follow-up was 88% (22 of 25 cases).

Conclusion: A high period prevalence of 8% out of all CNLDO cases in our study suggests that the buried probe should be considered in selective cases of CNLDO and earlier unsuccessful probing.     

先天性泪道阻塞探通治疗的临床体会

目的：观察1~6月龄先天性泪道阻塞并泪囊炎的婴幼儿泪道探通治疗效果及泪道继发性粘连发生情况,按年龄分为1~3月龄组和3~6月龄组,对疗效及粘连发生率进行比较总结,确定最佳探通治疗时机。 方法：随机选取2007-06/2011-12期间来我院就诊的1~6月龄先天性泪道阻塞并泪囊炎患儿288例,其中男150例,女138例,单侧230例,双侧58例,年龄30~180（平均86.66±40.55）天龄。将患儿按照年龄段分为2组：第1组（观察组）1~3月龄,173例;第2组（对照组）3~6月龄,115例。两组治疗方法相同,用10g/L丁卡因表面麻醉泪小点,适当扩张下泪小点,用外径0.5mm或0.6mm带侧孔的圆头冲洗式探针常规操作冲洗探通泪道,但是探针进入泪囊后与水平线夹角应保持75°~85°,探通泪道成功后,将探针留置在泪道30~60min扩张泪道。拔除探针时患儿采取俯卧位,尽量冲净泪道残留分泌物及细胞碎屑。探通过程中记录泪道粘连情况,术后4~6d复诊冲洗泪道,观察、巩固疗效。随诊3~6mo,对两组疗效及泪道出现继发性粘连情况进行比较。 结果：第1组治愈率98.1%,泪道继发性粘连率29.3%。第2组治愈率82.6%,泪道继发性粘连率高达70.3%。通过统计学分析,两组疗效具有显著性差异,1~3月龄组疗效明显好于3~6月龄组;前者泪道继发性粘连发生率也明显低于后者。 结论：对于先天性泪道阻塞并泪囊炎的患儿提前到1~3mo内进行探通治疗效果很好,病情时间越长,泪道继发性粘连的机会愈多,疗效降低。以往多主张6月龄后再行泪道探通,通过临床观察,我们认为在1~3月龄内为最佳探通时间,适合在基层医院广泛推广应用。     

高频电泪道成形并环形泪道引流管置入联合针药治疗上泪道阻塞性病变

目的：探讨高频电泪道成形并环形泪道引流管置入联合针药治疗上泪道阻塞性病变的临床疗效。

方法：将我科2013-07/2016-06就诊的上泪道阻塞性病变患者共86例102眼,其中男26例28眼,女60例74眼。采用高频电上泪道浚通成形并环形硅胶引流管置入,结合中医针灸加口服自制中药治疗30d,术后跟踪随访6mo,观察疗效及并发症。

结果：选取102眼共治愈86眼(84.3%),好转12眼(11.8%),无效4眼(3.9%),总有效率为96.1%。术中并发症情况：(1)眶内出血：2眼术中出现眶内出血,考虑系筛前神经阻滞麻醉时可能损伤筛前血管所致,经按压后出血停止,停止手术,5d后顺利完成手术。(2)泪小管豁裂,共3眼,系手术操作不慎、患者配合不佳所致,虽手术顺利完成,但术后泪小管豁裂。(3)行置管困难3眼,均形成医源性假道,建议去上级医院在内窥镜指导下完成浚通置管术。术后并发症情况：(1)泪小点豁裂 3眼(2.9%),因无泪溢,故未予以处理。(2)人工泪小管脱落、部分脱出5眼(4.9%),从鼻腔拉出后鼻前庭固定,完全脱出4眼(3.9%),1眼重新置管,3眼因置管已达3mo,无明显溢泪等症状,未予处理。(3)内眦部刺激症状11眼(10.8%),因轻微,对症处理后无特殊情况。(4)泪小管肉芽组织增生2眼(2.0%),1眼位于泪小点周围,剪除增生组织后妥布霉素地塞米松眼药水点眼后消失,1眼位于泪小管内,拔出环形管后点妥布霉素地塞米松滴眼液或复方硫酸新霉素滴眼液滴眼后未继续增生,但泪道冲洗不通,归为失败。

结论：高频电泪道成形并环形泪道引流管置入联合针药治疗上泪道阻塞性病变可以提高临床疗效。     

The course of epiphora after failure of silicone intubation for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Background One of the indications for dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) is failure of silicone intubation. We evaluated the course of epiphora after failure of silicone intubation for CNLDO when DCR was not performed.Methods In a comparative cohort study carried out at a tertiary referral center, ten eyes of seven consecutive children who had failure of silicone intubation manifested as persistent epiphora over 2 months and whose parents refused DCR were followed up for an average of 50.4 months (range 33–70 months). Three lacrimal drainage systems of three other children who had failure of silicone intubation underwent uneventful DCR.Results In eight (80%) of the ten consecutive eyes with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (six of the seven children, 86%), there was spontaneous complete resolution of the epiphora and normal dye disappearance test (DDT) at the end of the follow-up period. One child with Downs syndrome, allergic rhinitis, asthma and multiple site obstructions had improvement of symptoms but abnormal DDT. The epiphora in all three children who underwent DCR had disappeared by 6 months after surgery when the silicone tube was removed. No complications were noted during the follow-up.Conclusions Epiphora can spontaneously resolve after failure of silicone intubation in CNLDO, and DCR should no longer considered be compulsory in such cases unless complications evolve.The authors have no financial or proprietary interest in any of the products mentioned in this paper.Presented in part at the 107th American Academy of Ophthalmology Annual Meeting, Anaheim, CA, November 2003.     

泪道激光联合引流管和支架治疗复杂性泪道阻塞的疗效

目的：探讨泪道激光联合泪道引流管及泪囊支架植入术治疗复杂性泪道阻塞的临床效果。
　　方法：对65例82眼复合性泪道阻塞患者进行泪道激光后植入泪道引流管和泪囊支架植入术,1mo 后鼻腔拔出泪囊支架,3~6mo 后鼻腔拔出泪道引流管。术后随访6mo ~1a。结果：65例82眼患者中,治愈71眼,好转5眼,有效率93%;仍然溢泪6眼(7%)。
　　结论：泪道激光联合泪道引流管及泪囊支架植入术能有效地治疗复杂性泪道阻塞。     

激光联合不同硅胶管植入治疗不同部位泪道阻塞的疗效

目的：：观察激光联合新型一次性使用泪道再通管( RS型)或泪道扩张引流管(鼻泪管)治疗不同部位泪道阻塞疾病的疗效。方法：针对2011-01/2013-12我院548例657眼泪道阻塞患者,其中泪小管(含泪总管)阻塞患者236例298眼,采用KTP激光联合泪道再通管( RS型)植入术;鼻泪管阻塞患者312例359眼,采用KTP激光联合泪道扩张引流管(鼻泪管)植入术,术后坚持泪道冲洗,手术3 mo后拔除支架,以拔管后3 mo冲洗泪道情况及患者自觉溢泪情况作为评定标准。结果：泪小管(或泪总管)阻塞的患者行KTP激光联合新型RS型泪道再通管植入术,其中治愈248眼,好转33眼,无效17眼;鼻泪管阻塞的患者行KTP激光联合泪道扩张引流管植入术,其中治愈301眼,好转19眼,无效39眼。有效601眼,总有效率91.5％。结论：泪道阻塞患者治疗过程中需制定个性化治疗方案,针对泪道不同部位阻塞激光联合不同硅胶管植入经临床观察疗效肯定,可作为基层医院泪道阻塞患者首选治疗方式。     

Prevalence of amblyopia in children undergoing nasolacrimal duct irrigation and probing

Purpose:

To investigate ambylopia and amblyopia risk factors of children who underwent nasolacrimal duct (NLD) irrigation and probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO).

Materials and Methods:

The medical records of patients who had undergone NLD irrigation and probing for CNLDO at an age of 3 years or younger were reviewed, and 51 of the patients were recalled between October 1 and December 31, 2011 for a detailed ophthalmic examination to determinate amblyopia or amblyopia risk factors. Amblyopia was accepted as difference in visual acuity of two or more Snellen lines between the two eyes or visual acuity of 20/30 or worse in either eye.

Results:

The median age of the 51 patients to whom NLD irrigation and probing were attempted for CNLDO was 23 months. CNLDO affected a total of 70 eyes. All patients were reviewed for best-corrected visual acuity, refractive errors, and strabismus at a median age of 70.5 months (range 31-95 months). Amblyopia or amblyopia risk factors were identified in 14 patients (27.5%). One child (7.15%) had only strabismus, six children (42.8%) had only amblyogenic refractive errors, two (14.3%) had a combination of two, one child (7.15%) had a family history for amblyopia, but four children (28.6%) had no amblyopia risk factors but had amblyopia.

Conclusion:

Amblyogenic risk factors are found higher in patients with CNLDO and patients undergoing NLD irrigation and probing in comparison to normal population. Therefore, we recommend these children to routinely undergo cycloplegic refractions and full ophthalmic examinations.     

Outcome of late probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction in Singapore children

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of late probing in a mixed Asian children population with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and whether probing was associated with an increased risk of infection. Method: A retrospective clinical study was conducted. A clinical diagnosis of CNLDO was defined in an infant who presented with a history of tearing and/or eye discharge up to 1 year of age with no other accompanying ocular pathology. All patients with a presumed diagnosis of CNLDO who had probing after 12 months of age were included in our study. Prior to probing, most patients had a trial of conservative treatment with massage and/or topical antibiotics. Intra-operative patency of probing was determined when metal to metal contact of the probe and forceps was achieved and/or when fluorescein dye was recovered from the nose after syringing. Successful probing was defined as a resolution of symptoms within 1 month after probing. Results: Seventeen patients involving 19eyes fulfilled our inclusion criteria for this study. Fourteen (82%) infants were Chinese, two Malays (12%) and the remaining one Indian (6%). There were 10 males(59%) and 7 females(41%) and the mean age at probing was 2.2 years(range, 14 months to 5years 6 months). The subjects were followed-up post-operatively for a mean duration of 21.2 months (range, 2 months to 8years). Successful probing in our series was 89.5% (17/19 eyes). Of the two eyes with persistent tearing, one resolved with massage about 9 months after the unsuccessful probing; the other was referred to the oculoplastic service for further management. Conclusion: Late probing after 13 months old appears to be an effective approach in the management of CNLDO in Asian infants. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

球囊管扩张术治疗儿童先天性泪道阻塞的临床观察

目的 观察球囊管扩张术治疗儿童先天性泪道阻塞的手术方法、疗效与并发症.方法 前瞻性研究.2008年5月至2009年10月,对就诊于首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院眼科的31例(50只眼)泪道探通、插管和激光术后失败的先天性鼻泪管阻塞患儿进行全身麻醉下鼻泪管球囊管扩张术,探针经泪小管探通直至鼻泪管,顺行插入尾端带有球囊的导管探针,进行鼻泪道球囊管扩张.手术前后进行症状评估、荧光染料消失试验以及泪道冲洗检查,同时对术中出血、水肿、假道形成等并发症进行观察与分析.随访时间为术后4～17个月.结果 50只眼中44只眼治愈,总成功率为88.0%(95%CI 85.5%～96.9%),荧光染料消失试验40只眼(80.0%)显示为1级或0级.主要术中并发症有10只眼(20.0%)鼻腔少量出血,有2只眼(4.0%)出现泪小点裂伤.结论 球囊管扩张术是一种便捷、安全、有效,不破坏局部解剖结构的新型儿童泪道手术方法,可用于泪道探通、插管或泪道激光手术失败后的儿童先天性泪道阻塞治疗.

Abstract：

Objective To introduce the procedure of balloon dacryocystoplasty and to evaluate its effectiveness and complications as the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction after a previous unsuccessful surgery. Methods Prospective case series. Balloon dacryocystoplasty was performed under general anesthesia in 50 eyes of 31 children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction following previous unsuccessful surgery in Beijing Children's Hospital between May 2008 and October 2009. A probe was introduced through the punctum into the inferior meatus of the nasal cavity. A deflated balloon catheter was introduced anterogradely and the balloon was inflated several times to perform the dilation of the nasolacrimal duct. Treatment success was defined as absence of epiphora and mucous discharge,negative results of fluorescein dye disappearance test(FDDT) and the unobstructed irrigation of the lacrimal system during the follow-up period of 4 - 17 months after tube removal. Results Successful operation was reported in 44 of 50 eyes ( 88.0%;95% confidence interval 85.5% - 96. 9% ). Forty of 50 eyes were FDDT 0 - 1(80. 0% ). Major complications included epistaxis (10 eyes,20. 0% ) and lacrimal duct laceration (2 eyes,4. 0% ). Conclusion Balloon dacryocystoplasty is a safe,simple and effective procedure for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction following previous unsuccessful surgery without disturbing the anatomy of normal lacrimal drainage system.