16层螺旋CT在门静脉病变中的诊断价值

目的：评价16层螺旋CT在门静脉病变诊断中的价值。方法：41例门静脉病变患者，采用16层螺旋CT平扫及增强扫描后，表面容积重建法(VR)、多层面容积重建法(MPR)和最大密度投影法(MIP)对腹腔干、门静脉及其分支进行重建，评价门静脉病变的范围和程度。其中7例进行数字减影血管造影(DSA)问接门静脉造影，3例行门静脉取检和血管套扎术，分析16层螺旋CT在门静脉病变中的诊断价值。结果：41例门静脉病变患者中肝动脉一门静脉瘘9例，门静脉瘤检11例，海绵样变性7例。门体分流中，食管静脉曲张36例，胃周静脉曲张占33例；食管周围静脉曲张21例，奇静脉扩大19例，腹膜后静脉曲张17例、脐周静脉曲张11例、脾肾静脉分流9例、左肾静脉扩大10例，胆囊周围静脉曲张6例。7例DSA间接门静脉造影仅能显示2～3级分支，3例手术发现门静脉病变与CTAP基本一致。结论：16层螺旋CT血管三维重建技术对于显示门静脉及其分支的病变范围和程度具有较高的价值，是一种值得推广的方法。     

CT对肝硬化后期门静脉高压的诊断价值

目的:探讨螺旋CT血管造影对肝硬化后期门脉高压患者的诊断价值。方法:通过对33例肝硬化门脉高压患者进行门静脉CT血管成像(CTPV)增强检查。结果:33例患者均成功地实施了门静脉CTPV,所有患者全有门静脉主干曲张外,以脐周静脉、腹膜后静脉、食管周围静脉曲张和奇静脉扩大为主,部分有门静脉-肝动脉瘘和门静脉栓子形成。结论:CTPV可显示肝硬化门脉高压患者的门体静脉之间侧支循环血管曲张及早期诊断肝硬化的深远意义。     

64层螺旋CT门静脉造影在显示肝硬化门静脉高压侧支循环中的价值

目的：评价64层螺旋CT门静脉造影对肝硬化门静脉高压侧支循环显示的价值.材料和方法：肝硬化患者28例,采用64层螺旋CT行动脉期、门脉期及平衡期扫描后,运用容积重建法（VR）、多层面重建法（MPR）和最大密度投影法（MIP）对门静脉及其分支进行重建,观察门静脉高压肝内门静脉、属支及侧支循环的影像学特征.结果：64层螺旋CT门静脉造影能准确显示侧支循环分布范围,初步评估病变程度;门静脉高压时,门静脉属支管径显著扩张（门静脉主干、脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉、胃冠状静脉）.胃冠状静脉曲张24例、食管胃底静脉曲张21例、食管周围静脉曲张17例、胃短静脉曲张10例、脾/胃-肾分流6例、脐静脉和腹壁静脉曲张5例、腹膜后静脉曲张2例和直肠上静脉曲张2例,门静脉海绵状变性1例.结论：64层螺旋CT门静脉造影能够多角度、准确地显示门静脉高压时侧支循环开放的情况,对判断病变程度、预测其并发症、选择治疗方案具有重要意义.     

儿童先天性门体静脉分流临床及CT表现

【摘要】目的:探讨儿童先天性门体静脉分流CT表现，提高对其认识。方法:回顾性分析2013年4月-2019年10月在湖南省儿童医院确诊28例先天性门体静脉分流患儿临床及CT资料。结果:先天性门体静脉分流共28例，包括肝内门静脉瘘18例，静脉导管未闭5例，门-脐静脉分流1例及Abernethy畸形4例。肝内门静脉瘘中肝动脉-门静脉-肝静脉瘘14例，门静脉-肝静脉瘘4例，14例合并房间隔缺损。Abernethy畸形中Ⅰb型1例，Ⅱ型3例，3例合并先天性心脏病，1例合并肝性脑病。静脉导管未闭中4例合并先天性心脏病，4例合并肺动脉扩张，2例合并肝性脑病。门静脉-脐静脉分流1例，合并肝性脑病。结论:儿童先天性门体静脉分流种类多样，临床症状主要取决于分流量及发病年龄，常合并先心病，CT诊断关键在于对门静脉结构充分认识。     

门静脉高压症的研究和介入治疗现况

门静脉高压症(portal hypertension)是肝脏及其有关血管和胆管疾患所引起的综合征.主要表现为充血性脾肿大和脾功能亢进、腹水、门体分流性肝性脑病,食管胃底静脉曲张和门静脉高压性胃炎以及两者引起的上消化道大出血.     

螺旋CT血管成像对肝血管瘤并发周围型动-门静脉瘘的诊断价值

目的 探讨肝血管瘤并发周围型肝动脉-门静脉瘘(APS)多层螺旋CT血管成像的影像表现和诊断价值.方法 搜集12例经多层螺旋CT三期扫描确诊的肝血管瘤并发周围型APS,对肝动脉期CT血管成像进行回顾性分析.结果 容积再现(VR)和最大密度投影(MIP)三维重建法均可较好地显示周围型APS和肝实质一过性强化.APS血管成像可分为4种类型,类型Ⅰ:瘤周可见早显的门静脉分支,多有肝动脉支伴行,有时可见"双轨"征;类型Ⅱ:自瘤体发出数条纤细的早显小门静脉支,呈细线或虚线状,无肝动脉支伴行,早显的小门静脉支多位于短暂肝实质强化区中;类型Ⅲ:同时具备类型Ⅰ和类型Ⅱ的影像表现;类型Ⅳ:瘤周无早显的门静脉分支,仅显示楔形或片状浓染区.肝实质一过性强化表现为瘤周片状浓染区.结论 多层螺旋CT血管成像是诊断肝血管瘤并发周围型APS有效的检查手段.     

门静脉高压静脉曲张的螺旋CT表现

目的评价门静脉高压静脉曲张的螺旋CT表现.材料和方法回顾性分析47例经螺旋CT平扫及双期增强扫描诊断为门静脉高压静脉曲张的CT表现,并对其发生部位作了统计.结果增强扫描门静脉期扭曲扩张的静脉表现为曲线条、团块状或结节状高密度影.其中食管下端粘膜下及食管旁静脉曲张最常见(发生率为61.7%),以下依次为胃周静脉曲张(36.2%),脾门附近静脉曲张(23.4%),脐旁静脉曲张(21.3%),肾及肾上腺静脉曲张(12.8%),腹膜后一椎旁静脉曲张(4.3%),门静脉海绵状变性(4.3%).结论螺旋CT增强扫描门静脉期静脉曲张一目了然,结合其特定的解剖部位,CT能作出定性诊断并判断其程度.     

门静脉CTA在门静脉高压门体分流侧支血管显示中的应用

目的 研究多层螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)在门静脉高压患者上腹部分流侧支血管显示中的作用. 资料与方法 对126例门静脉高压患者行门静脉系统及侧支血管的CTA检查. 结果 126例中,CTA提示各类食管静脉曲张108例(85.7%),胃底静脉曲张117例(92.9%),单纯食管静脉曲张8例(6.3%),食管静脉曲张合并胃体部静脉曲张1例(0.8%),食管静脉曲张合并胃底静脉曲张99例(78.6%),单纯胃底静脉曲张18例(14.3%).胃左静脉显示120例(95.2%),附脐静脉显示26例(20.6%),胃网膜静脉显示10例(7.9%).发现脾肾分流道4例(3.2%),胃左肾分流道35例(27.8%). 结论 门静脉CTA可以清晰显示门静脉高压患者食管、胃底静脉曲张及主要侧支血管的走行、分布,为临床治疗方案的选择和疗效的观察评估提供有价值的影像学依据.     

多层螺旋CT门静脉成像对门静脉高压症个体化治疗术前评估的作用

目的：评估多层螺旋CT门静脉成像（multi-slice spiral CT portography,MSCTP）在门静脉高压症个体化治疗术前评估的作用。方法：选择我院2008-01～2011-05门静脉高压症患者行CT门静脉成像并手术治疗患者61例,手术治疗前均依据MSCTP检查并结合肝功、凝血功能等情况,分别进行了内镜下治疗、脾切除或介入脾栓塞术、经皮经肝胃冠状静脉栓塞术、肝内门一腔静脉分流术、外科的断流、分流、联合断分流术。结果：61例全部显示食管和（或）胃底静脉曲张（100%）,伴胃冠状静脉曲张45例（73%）、伴脾肾静脉分流7例（11%）、伴胃肾分流15例（24%）,分别经内镜、介入造影、外科手术中证实。结论：MSCTP可无创性地显示门静脉及其侧支循环的形态、分流方式和程度,对门脉高压症患者的个体化治疗方案的选择具有重要作用。     

肝硬化门静脉高压侧枝血管的多层螺旋CT表现

目的用多层螺旋CT(MSCT)统计、分析肝硬化门静脉高压患者的侧枝循环表现。方法收集203例肝硬化门静脉高压患者MSCT上腹部检查的完整资料。结果共发现门静脉侧枝或异常血管612处:食管下段静脉曲张175处,食管旁静脉曲张49处(其中伴假肿瘤征13处),胃底静脉曲张119处,胃冠状静脉曲张105处,胃肾静脉分流34处,脾肾静脉分流15处,椎旁静脉丛曲张16处,脐静脉再通48处,副脐静脉再通22处,脐静脉、副脐静脉同时再通4处,腹壁静脉丛曲张呈蛇头征12处,门静脉海绵样变8处,门静脉右后支瘤样扩张并与下腔静脉分流4处,胃左静脉直接入肝与门静脉左支相连1处。结论MSCT可较好地显示各类门静脉高压侧枝,了解这些异常表现有助于作出正确诊断,避免误诊,对临床选择治疗方法有重要的意义。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.