膀胱移行细胞癌组织中cyclin D1和CDK4的表达及其与临床病？…

目的 研究膀胱移行细胞组织中ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１和ＣＤＫ４的表达及其与临床病理变化的关系。方法 采用免疫组化方法对正常膀胱和６９例膀胱移行细胞癌组织中ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１和ＣＤＫ４的表达进行观察。结果 膀胱移行细胞癌组织中ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１的表达高于正常膀胱组织（Ｐ〈０．０５）。ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１表达阳性者的肿瘤细胞分化较差，术后易复发，生存时间较短；而ＣＤＫ４的阳性表达仅与患者术后复发有关（Ｐ〈０．０５），     

颌骨骨肉瘤中cyclinD1和CDK4的表达及其意义

分析细胞周期素Ｄ１（ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１）和细胞周期素依赖激酶４（ＣＤＫ４）在颌骨骨肉瘤中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法检测ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１和ＣＤＫ４在２０例颌骨骨肉瘤和８例骨软骨瘤中的表达。结果骨肉瘤中ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１和ＣＤＫ４的阳性率表达率分别为６５．００％（１３／２０）和６０．００％（１２／２０），两者的阳性表达存在正相关（γＳ＝０．４８，Ｐ〈０．０５）；而它们在骨软骨瘤中的阳性率均为１     

p16、CyclinD1、Cdk4、Rb基因在胰腺癌中的表达及其意义

目的：探讨ｐ１６,ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１,Ｃｄｋ４,Ｒｂ在胰腺癌中的作用及其相互关系。方法：免疫组织化学检测ｐ１６,ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１,Ｃｄｋ４,Ｒｂ蛋白在胰腺癌中的表达,原位杂交检测ｐ１６和ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１在胰腺癌中的存在状况。结果：ｐ１６在胰腺癌中低表达,ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１呈正相关关系。结论：胰腺癌发生机制涉及ｐ１６,ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１,Ｃｄｋ４和Ｒｂ调节环路中多个基因的异常,ｐ１６低表达和ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ     

p16和cyclinD_1蛋白在膀胱移行细胞癌中的表达及意义

 目的探讨ｐ１６、ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１蛋白表达与膀胱移行细胞癌（ＴＣＣ）临床分期、病理分级及预后的关系。方法采用免疫组化Ｓ－Ｐ法检测 ５９例膀胱ＴＣＣ中ｐ１６、ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１蛋白的表达。结果膀胱ＴＣＣ 组织中 ｐ１６蛋白阳性表达率为 ４２．４％，随临床分期、病理分级增高而下降，ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１蛋白阳性表达率为 ６１％，随临床分期增高而上升；ｐ１６、ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１蛋白表达间呈负相关；ｐ１６阳性组和 ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１阴性组复发率明显低于 ｐ１６阴性组和ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１阳性组；ｐ１６阳性组和 ｃｐｃｌｉｎＤ１阴性组 ３年存活率明显高于 ｐ１６阴性组和 ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１阳性组。结论ｐ１６、ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１蛋白检测可作为膀胱ＴＣＣ辅助诊断及预后判断的参考指标。     

非霍奇金淋巴瘤CyclinD1和p34^cdc2蛋白的检测

为了研究非霍奇金淋巴瘤（ＮＨＬｓ）中细胞周期调节因子ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１和ｐ３４＾ｃｄｃ２蛋白表达与肿瘤分化程度和免疫分型的关系,对４０例ＮＨＬｓ进行ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１和ｐ３４＾ｃｄｃ２蛋白免疫组化（ＳＰ法）染色。在４０例ＮＨＬｓ中,有１９例（４７．５％）ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１阳性表达２３例（５７．５％（ｐ３４＾ｃｄｃ２阳性表达。１０例淋巴结良性病变中６例生发中心细胞ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１和ｐ３４＾ｃｄｃ２弱 是必     

CyclinE,CyclinD1和P21^WAFI／CIP1在喉癌癌变过程中表达 …

目的 探讨喉癌癌变过程中ＣｙｃｌｉｎＥ、ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１和Ｐ２１＾ＷＡＦＩ／ＣＩＰ１表达的临床病理学意义。用免疫组化检测２０例正常粘膜、４０例不典型增生病变和６０例喉癌组织中ＣｙｃｌｉｎＥ、ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１和Ｐ２１＾ＷＡＦＩ／ＣＩＰ１的表达。结果 ＣｙｃｌｉｎＥ、ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１和Ｐ２１＾ＷＡＦＩ／ＣＩＰ１阳性表达定位于细胞核。在喉癌变癌过程中，喉正常粘膜、不典型增生病变和喉癌中ＣｙｃｌｉｎＥ阳性     

骨肉瘤中Rb、p16、CDK4、cyclinD1蛋白的表达及其意义

目的 探讨骨肉瘤中Ｒｂ、ｐ１６、ＣＤＫ４、ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１的蛋白表达、相互关系及其意义。方法 应用免疫组化方法对４０例骨肉瘤组织中Ｒｂ、ｐ１６、ＣＤＫ、ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１的蛋白表达状况进行检测。结果 ４０例骨肉瘤Ｒｂ、ｐ１６蛋白表达缺失分别为７２．５％（２９／４０和）２２．５％（９／４０）;１１例ｐＲｂ阳性的骨肉瘤中的８例ｐ１６阴性,２９例ｐＲｂ阴性的骨肉瘤中２８例ｐ１６阳性;５２．５％（２１／４０     

细胞周期蛋白D1和p21^WAF1／CIP1在喉癌癌变过程中表达？…

目的：研究喉癌变过程中细胞周期蛋白（ｃｙｃｌｉｎ）Ｄ１和ｐ２１＾ＷＡＦＩ／ＣＩＰ１表达及其临床病理学意义。方法：用免疫组化检测２０例正常黏膜、４０例不典型增生病变和６０例喉癌组织中ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１和ｐ２１＾ＷＡＦＩ／ＣＩＰ１的表达。结果：①ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ和ｐ２１＾ＷＡＦＩ／ＣＩＰ１阳性表达定位于细胞核。②在喉癌癌变过程中,喉正常黏膜、不典型增生病变和喉癌中ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１阳性表达率分别为：５．０％     

肺癌中粘附分子CD44和癌基因cyclinD1的表达

目的探讨肺癌中粘附子分子ＣＤ４４和癌基因ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１的表达意义。方法应用Ｓ－Ｐ免疫组织化学方法研究６２例肺癌组织中ＣＤ４４和ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１的表达情况。结果６２例肺癌组织中ＣＤ４４和ｃｙｃｌｉｎＤ１的阳性率分别为７１．０％和５０．０％。腺癌和鳞癌的ＣＤ４４的阳性率明显高于小细胞癌（Ｐ〈０．０５）;淋巴结转移阳性组ＣＤ４４的表达显著高于阴性组（Ｐ〈０．０１,γ＝０．５４）。不同组织类型肺癌中ｃｙ     

p16,Cyclin D1在胃癌发生过程中的表达

研究ｐ１６，ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１在胃癌发生过程中的表达。方法：采用免疫组化ＡＢＣ法，检测胃癌、不典型增生、萎缩性胃炎及正常胃粘膜组织Ｐ１６和ＣｙｃｌｉｎＤ１的表达。结论：Ｐ１６和ＣｈｃｌｉｎＤ１在胃上皮癌变过程中起着重要作用，其在胃癌中的反向表达趋势提人才是可能存在相互抑制机制。     

流式细胞术对食管癌组织中四种细胞周期调控蛋白的定量检测及意义

目的 探讨细胞周期调控蛋白cyclin E、cyclin D1、CDK4和D27在食管癌的表达及其与食管癌的分化和淋巴结转移的关系。方法 采用流式细胞术对65例食管鳞状细胞癌组织中cyclin E、cyclin D1、CDK4和p27的表达强弱进仃定量检测,结果 用荧光指数F1表示。结果 cyclin E、cyclin D1和CDK4在低分化型鳞癌的表达量显著高于分化型鳞癌(P值分别为0．0275,0．0001和0．0174);而p27在低分化型鳞癌的表达量显著低于分化型鳞癌(P=0．0042)。cyclin D1与cyolin E,cyclin D1与CDK4之间呈显著正相关;而cyclin D1与p27呈显著负相关。4种基因蛋白的表达与淋巴结转移均无相关性。结论 cyclhi E、cyclin D1、CDK4和p27的表达与食管癌的分化密切相关;正负性细胞周期调控蚩白表达的失衡是导致癌变的重要原因之一。     

Cyclin D1-CDK4 complex, a possible critical factor for cell proliferation and prognosis in laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas

Cyclin D1 and its catalytic partner CDK4 are known to play important roles in the G1/S checkpoint of the cell cycle. The complex formed by CDK4 and cyclin D1 has been strongly implicated in the control of cell proliferation and prognoses in human malignancies. We investigated the immunohistochemical expression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in 102 patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Cyclin D1 overexpression was observed in 59 cases (57.8%) of LSCC, and was significantly correlated with tumor site, tumor size, lymph node metastasis and advanced stage. CDK4 overexpression was observed in 48 cases (47.1%), and was significantly correlated with tumor size and advanced stage. Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression was significantly associated with cell proliferation measured by PCNA (r = 0.812, p < 0.0001 and r = 0.725, p < 0.0001, respectively). The Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that cyclin D1 overexpression was significantly associated with disease-free survival and overall survival. CDK4 overexpression was significantly associated with overall survival. When cyclin D1 and CDK4 are combined, the patients with co-overexpression of cyclin D1-CDK4 revealed the poorest overall survival. Additionally, in early-stage (I-II) cases, co-overexpression of cyclin D1-CDK4 was also revealed to possess a significant prognostic role. By multivariate analysis, cyclin D1 overexpression, lymph node metastasis and advanced stage were independent prognostic factors for disease-free survival. Cyclin D1 overexpression, CDK4 overexpression, tumor grade, lymph node metastasis and advanced stage were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. These findings indicate that cyclin D1 and CDK4 overexpression and/or co-overexpression of these proteins may play a pivotal role in the biological behavior of LSCC and may provide a strong prognostic implication.     

口腔鳞状细胞癌细胞周期因子p27 cyclin D1及CDK4的表达与意义

目的：从细胞周期调控的角度来探讨口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）的发生、发展及预后和p27、cyclin D1和CDK4的关系。方法：采用免疫组织化学方法，检测了50例口腔鳞状细胞癌及10例正常口腔粘膜中p27、cyclinD1和CDK4蛋白表达的水平，然后用Spearman 相关分析检查它们与临床病理学指标的关系以及它们三者之间的相关关系，用Kaplan-Meier方法绘制生存曲线并进行生存分析，Cox比例风险模型作预后分析。结果：1)p27在所有正常口腔粘膜上皮均呈现高表达，而在口腔鳞状细胞癌组织表达降低，p27的低表达与临床分期，淋巴结转移有显著性相关关系，cyclin D1和CDK4在正常粘膜上皮呈现低水平表达，在口腔钙状细胞癌组织中过表达。2)cyclinD1和CDK4在正常粘膜上皮呈现低水平表达，在口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中过表达.2)cyclin D1的表达与CDK4呈正相关（r=0.442,P=0.001）;p27与CDK4的表达呈负相关（r=-0.384,P=0.006）.3)Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示p27高表达组（ ）的各期的生存均高于低表达组（-）,cyclin D1染色（ ）组的生存率低于（-）组。4）Cox比例风险模型分析结果显示p27蛋白表达水平，cyclinD1蛋白表达水平，淋巴结转移和临床分期分别是口腔鳞状细胞癌的独立预后指标。结论：口腔鳞状细胞癌组织中，p27,cyclin D1和CDK4蛋白的异常表达说明它们均参与了口腔鳞状细胞癌的发生发展，且在这一过程中三者之间存在相互协同与制约关系。在临床应用中有可能将p27和cyclin D1蛋白的表达程度作为判断口腔鳞状癌患者预后的指标。     

A multi-institutional study of immunohistochemical investigation for the roles of cyclin D1 and E-cadherin in superficial squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Aiming to clarify and possibly extend indications for minimally invasive treatment, we characterized superficial esophageal cancers (SEC) with respect to biologic properties regulating malignant potential. METHODS: Surgical specimens obtained at eight cancer institutes from 222 Japanese patients with SEC (all squamous cell carcinomas) were investigated immunohistochemically for expression of cyclin D1 and E-cadherin. RESULTS: Perturbations of cyclin D1 (overexpression) and E-cadherin (reduced expression) were observed in 37.6% (68 of 181) and 39.9% (71 of 178) of SEC patients. E-cadherin expression was more frequently reduced in cancers that invaded the submucosal layer, while cyclin D1 overexpression was constant, irrespective of depth of invasion. Overexpression of cyclin D1 was more frequent in poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, while E-cadherin did not vary according to histologic differentiation. Lymph node metastasis, the only independent postoperative prognostic factor in these patients, occurred in only 4.8% of mucosal cancers (2 of 42), but in 51.1% of submucosal cancers (92 of 180). However, neither cyclin D1 nor E-cadherin status affected lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION: Both E-cadherin and cyclin D1 play important roles in esophageal carcinogenesis, but neither can be used to identify patients who do not require lymph node dissection and might be treated by endoscopic mucosal resection.     

Cyclin D1 and cyclin D-dependent kinases enhance oral keratinocyte proliferation but do not block keratinocyte differentiation

Maintenance of oral epithelial homeostasis requires a fine balance between cell proliferation and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms that couple these processes, and its deregulation in tumorigenesis are not fully understood. Cyclin D1 and its kinase partners CDK4 and CDK6 play an important role in regulating the G1-S phase of the cell cycle. Deregulation of cyclin D1 is a frequent event in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Here, we examined whether overexpression of cyclin D1, CDK4 and CDK6 can deregulate the link between oral keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Our results show that cyclin D1 and its kinase partners CDK4 and CDK6 enhance keratinocyte proliferation, but are not sufficient to block calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation and suggest that deregulation of these G1-regulatory kinases alone is insufficient to uncouple the link between proliferation and differentiation.     

Cyclin D1 overexpression as a prognostic factor in patients with esophageal carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cyclin D1 is known to play important roles in the G1/S check-point of the cell cycle. We investigated the correlation between cyclin D1 overexpression and clinical characteristics to clarify its prognostic significance in patients with esophageal cancer. METHODS: From 1991 to 1998, cyclin D1 was investigated in esophageal cancers from 86 patients who underwent esophagectomy. Overexpression of cyclin D1 was demonstrated using an immunohistochemical method. RESULTS: Overexpression of cyclin D1 was found in 23 (26.7%) of 86 cases. Overexpression of cyclin D1 correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0083) and lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.018). Cyclin D1 overexpression may indicate resistance to chemotherapy. The patients with cyclin D1 overexpression had a significantly lower survival rate than those without overexpression (P = 0.013). The multivariate analysis revealed cyclin D1 overexpression to be an important prognostic factor in patients with esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Immunohistochemical examination of cyclin D1 expression may provide important prognostic information in univariate and multivariate analysis and may be necessary for determining therapeutic strategies for esophageal cancer.     

Comparison of deregulated expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin E with that of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and CDK2 in human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

The expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4), and CDK2 were immunohistochemically examined in 90 patients with human oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) to determine their relationship to the tumour behaviour and patient prognosis. Nuclear immunostaining of cyclin D1 and cyclin E was observed in 28 (31.1%) and 27 tumours (30.0%) respectively. Thirty-nine tumours (43.3%) and 31 tumours (34.4%) exhibited both cytoplasmic and nuclear positivity for CDK4 and CDK2 respectively. Of 28 cyclin D1-positive and 27 cyclin E-positive tumours, CDK4 was overexpressed in 12 (42.8%) tumours and CDK2 in seven (25.9%) tumours respectively. There was no significant relationship in immunopositivity between cyclin D1 and CDK4 or between cyclin E and CDK2. Simultaneous immunoreactivity for both cyclin D1 and CDK4 was significantly associated with venous invasion (P < 0.05). In a univariate analysis, the prognosis of patients with tumours that were both cyclin D1- and CDK4-positive was significantly poorer than that of patients with cyclin D1-negative tumours (P < 0.05). In a multivariate analysis, both cyclin D1 and CDK4 immunoreactivities (P < 0.01) and tumour stage (P < 0.001) were recognized as independent risk factors. In this analysis, the hazard ratio for cyclin D1-positive and CDK4-negative cases compared with cyclin D1-negative cases was significant (hazard ratio = 3.128, 95% confidence interval = 1.418-6.899, P = 0.0047). No significant prognostic relevance was detected in both cyclin E and CDK2 immunoreactivity. Our in vivo findings suggest that in human oesophageal SCC, cyclin D1 and cyclin E and their functional partners, CDK4 and CDK2, often exhibit dysregulated overexpression in many cases, and that tumours with simultaneous expression of cyclin D1 and CDK4 are frequently associated with venous invasion and have a worse prognosis, statistically. Moreover, overexpression of cyclin D1 alone may also contribute to tumour progression independent of CDK4 overexpression.     

FBXO4 loss facilitates carcinogen induced papilloma development in mice

Cyclin D1 is frequently overexpressed in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and is considered a key driver of this disease. Mutations in FBXO4, F-box specificity factor that directs SCF-mediated ubiquitylation of cyclin D1, occur in ESCC with concurrent overexpression of cyclin D1 suggesting a potential tumor suppressor role for FBXO4. To evaluate the contribution of FBXO4-dependent regulation cyclin D1 in esophageal squamous cell homeostasis, we exposed FBXO4 knockout mice to N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA), an esophageal carcinogen. Our results revealed that loss of FBXO4 function facilitates NMBA induced papillomas in FBXO4 het (+/−) and null (−/−) mice both by numbers and sizes 11 months after single dose NMBA treatment at 2mg/kg by gavage when compared to that in wt (+/+) mice (P < 0.01). No significant difference was noted between heterozygous or nullizygous mice consistent with previous work. To assess cyclin D1/CDK4 dependence, mice were treated with the CDK4/6 specific inhibitor, PD0332991, for 4 weeks. PD0332991 treatment (150mg/kg daily), reduced tumor size and tumor number. Collectively, our data support a role for FBXO4 as a suppressor of esophageal tumorigenesis.     

Combined cyclin D1 overexpression and zinc deficiency disrupts cell cycle and accelerates mouse forestomach carcinogenesis

Overexpression of cyclin D1 and disruption of cell cycle control in G(1) occur frequently in human esophageal cancer. Transgenic (TG) mice with cyclin D1 overexpression targeted to the oral-esophageal tissue by the EBV ED-L2 promoter showed increased severity in esophageal dysplasia without cancer development, after multiple doses of N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine (NMBA). Dietary zinc deficiency (ZD) in mice enhances cellular proliferation in esophagus/forestomach and susceptibility to NMBA-induced carcinogenesis. We investigated whether cyclin D1 overexpression in TG mice, together with ZD, might lead to unchecked cell proliferation and accelerated NMBA-induced tumorigenesis. Five-week-old TG and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a ZD- or -sufficient (ZS) diet, forming four groups: ZD:TG; ZS:TG; ZD:WT; and ZS:WT. After 4 weeks, animals were given a single intragastric NMBA dose and were sacrificed 25 and 77 days later. Without NMBA, cell proliferation was greatest in ZD:TG esophagus/forestomach, followed by ZD:WT, and then ZS:TG>/=ZS:WT. The high rate of cell proliferation was accompanied by overexpression of cell cycle progression and tumorigenesis biomarkers, including proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cyclin D1, cyclin-dependent kinase 4, p53, cytokeratin 14, epidermal growth factor receptor, and by a reduced rate of apoptosis. ZD substantially increased forestomach tumor incidence in TG mice: 85% of ZD:TG versus 14% of ZS:TG mice had forestomach tumors (P < 0.001), with progression to malignancy occurring only in ZD:TG tumors. Additionally, 14% of ZD:TG mice developed esophageal tumors and esophageal intestinal metaplasia at 77 days. Thus, cyclin D1 overexpression, in cooperation with ZD, decontrols cell proliferation, ensuring cell expansion, a prerequisite for cancer development.