Gittes改良法治疗女性压力性尿失禁（附11例报告）

采用不切开阴道壁的Ｇｉｔｔｅｓ改良法长针膀胱颈悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁１１例，治愈率９１％。手术关键：穿刺点准确，悬吊标准：（１）牵引力３００－４００ｇ；（２）尿道内口闭合；（３）后尿道膀胱角（ＰＵＶ）恢复到９０度－１００度；（４）膀胱内流注水试验无尿液外溢。     

Raz术式治疗女性压力性尿失禁(附13例报告)

目的：探讨Raz术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效。方法：应用经阴道膀胱颈悬吊术的Raz术式治疗女性压力性尿失禁13例。结果：随访6个月－3年，13例中10例治愈，1例Ⅱ型者部分有效，2例Ⅲ型者无效。无明显手术并发症。结论：Raz术式是治疗女性压力性尿失禁的一种理想方法。     

TVT术对尿道固有括约肌功能缺陷的女性压力性尿失禁患者的临床观察

目的:探讨TVT悬吊术治疗有尿道固有括约肌功能缺陷(ISD)的女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)患者的疗效.方法:采用TVT悬吊术治疗女性SUI患者114例,将ISD和无ISD患者的疗效进行比较.结果:114例中获得随访者110例(96.5%):无ISD者92例,治愈81例(88.0%),有效10例(10.9%),完全失败1例(1.1%);有ISD者18例,治愈12例(66.7%),有效3例(16.7%),完全失败3例(16.7%).术后有7例患者出现明显的排尿困难,其中2例为剩余尿阴性的ISD患者,差异有统计学意义.结论:TVT悬吊术是一种治疗女性SUI患者安全、有效和微创的治疗手段,对有ISD的女性SUI患者同样有效,但疗效不如无ISD的患者;特别是当患者年龄大于65岁、最大尿道关闭压小于0.981 kPa或尿道活动度小时,其治疗效果较差.TVT悬吊术治疗ISD时仍应遵循该术式的常规操作.     

TVT-O治疗女性压力性尿失禁长期疗效分析

目的 探讨由内向外经闭孔尿道中段无张力悬吊术(TVT-O)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的长期疗效.方法 分析2004年8月至2006年8月应用TVT-O手术治疗68例女性SUI患者的临床和随访资料,探讨TVT-O术后至少6年的治愈率及常见并发症.结果 以尿失禁症状消失和咳嗽试验阴性定义为临床治愈,在TVT-O术后6周、1年和6年的治愈率分别是85.3％(58/68)、82.4％(56/68)和80.9％(55/68),差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).术后排尿困难3例,新发尿急4例,大腿根部和腹股沟区疼痛13例,均行相关处理.术后复发3例,采用其他疗法.结论 TVT-O是治疗女性SUI的有效术式,其长期疗效持续稳定.TVT-O严重并发症少见,但术后腹股沟疼痛需引起高度重视.     

TVT-S治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效和安全性分析

目的 探讨经阴道无张力尿道中段吊带术(TVT-S)治疗女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的有效性及安全性.方法 回顾性分析2008年10月至2010年5月诊治的27例SUI患者的资料.年龄35～77(56.1±10.7)岁;单纯型20例,混合型7例;产次1～6(2.8±1.4)次;体质指数22.0～31.9(25.6±2.5);病程1～30(6.8±7.2)年.有盆腔手术史2例,均无抗尿失禁手术史,膀胱颈抬举试验均阳性;腹压漏尿点压(ALPP)27～120(60.9±27.5)cm H2O;术前ICI-Q-SF评分7～14(11.2±1.8)分.结果 27例均行TVT-S,其中行"U"术式19例,行"H"术式8例.手术时间13～19(15.3±1.4)min.术中无膀胱、尿道损伤,无闭孔血管、神经损伤,术中出血10～50 ml;术后测量最大尿流率4～50(25.4±13.1)ml,残余尿0～95(23.2±7.6)ml.术后发生轻度排尿困难3例(11.1%),出现阴道创口渗液3例(11.1%);术后随访3～21(12.6±6.7)个月,出现尿频、尿急或急迫性尿失禁10例(37.0%),无阴道侵蚀.疗效判定:治愈15例(56%),好转8例(30%),无效4例(1 5%).结论 TVT-S治疗SUI简单易行,操作安全,并发症轻微易治,但手术治愈率较低,长期疗效仍需大量临床和随访资料证明.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the TVT-Secur procedure for female stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods Analyze retrospectively the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative complications and follow-up data of 27 SUI patients from October 2008 to May 2010. 20 cases were simple SUI, and 7 cases were mixed SUI. The average age was 56.1 ± 10.7 years (range, 35-77), the average parity was 2.8-±- 1.4 (range, 1-6), the average body mass index was 25.6±2.5, and the average course of the disease was 6.8±7.2 yeas (range, 1-30). Two cases had past history of pelvic surgery without any anti-incontinence surgery. Mashall-marchett test was positive in all patients, with an average abdominal leak point pressure (ALPP) of 60.9±27.5 cm H2O (range, 27- 120 cm H2O). The mean International Consultation on Incontinence-Short Form (ICIQ-SF) score was 11.2 ± 1.8 (range, 7- 14) before surgery. Results 27 patients underwent TVT-Secur procedure, of which 19 cases underwent "U" procedure, and 8 cases underwent "H" procedure. The mean operation time was 15.3±1.4min (range, 13- 19 min). There were no intraoperative bladder or urethral injury, and no obturator vessel or nerve damage. The blood loss was 10 to 50 ml, and the maximum urinary flow rate was 25. 4±13. 1 ml (range, 4-50 ml). Three eases had mild dysuria(11. 1%), and 3 cases had wound effusion(11. 1%). Followed up for 12. 6 ±6. 7 months (range, 3-21 months). 10 cases complained of bladder overactivity symptoms such as frequency, urgency, and urge incontinence, and no case had vaginal erosion. Therapeutic efficacy: 15 cases were cured (56%), 8 cases were improved (30%), and 4 cases were ineffective (15%). Conclusions TVT-Secur procedure is a simple, safe and minimally invasive surgery, while the cure rate is low. The long-term efficacy needs great amount of clinical data and long-term follow-up to prove.     

A Modified Raz Bladder Neck Suspension Operation (Transvaginal Burch)

A total of 36 female patients with genuine stress urinary incontinence underwent Raz needle suspension with fixation of suspension sutures to the iliopectineal ligament (transvaginal Burch procedure). By fixing suspension sutures to the iliopectineal ligament we expected to achieve a static suspension independent of everyday patient activities. Considering the small number of patients and limited followup, our results revealed continence in 80 to 85 percent of the patients after 3 years. We believe that fixation of suspension sutures to the iliopectineal ligament can favorably influence long-term results of needle suspension in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.     

Results and complications of TVT procedure in the surgical treatment of female stress incontinence

ObjetivesTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI).To determine the mid-term outcome of TVT performed during other pelvic floor reconstructive procedures.Patients and methods100 women with SUI undergoing TVT procedure under spinal anesthesia from January 2000 to 1November 2002 were studied.76 women were treated with TVT alone. 24 patients were treated with TVT and pelvic floor reconstruction: we repaired 24 cystoceles grade II-III, 3 rectoceles and 4 concomitant vaginal histerectomies.ResultsMean age was 49,3 years (range 35-78). Mean parity: 2 (range 0-6) and mean operative time was 38 minutes (range 20 to 50). The postoperative hospital stay was 24 hours for women treated with TVT alone. Only 1 patient (1%) need bladder catheterization during 7 days due to urinary retention.Mean followup was 18 months (range 12-48). Objetive cure rate was 95%. In our study the rate of de novo post-operative urge symptoms (16%) was the most frequent complication. Bladder injury was the most grave problem and it happened in 1 patient (1%).ConclusionThe results confirm the feasibility and safety of TVT for treatment of SUI. Moreover, TVT procedure is economical and efectiveness.Pelvic floor defects, benign uterine disorders and SUI can be safely treated with TVT and vaginal procedures during the same surgical time.     

The modified Pereyra (Raz) procedure for genuine stress incontinence—A useful option in the elderly or frail patient?

This is a prospective uncontrolled observational study to assess the modified Pereyra procedure for the treatment of genuine stress incontinence in women over the age of 65. Fifty women with proven genuine stress incontinence had pre- and postoperative clinical and urodynamic assessment with a follow-up for up to 2 years. At 2 months there was a subjective cure rate of 64% and an objective cure rate of 46%. The 2-year objective cure rate was 46%. The operation produced no voiding difficulties. Results were poorer in those who had had previous surgery, had preoperative detrusor instability, or were nulliparous. We conclude that the modified Pereyra may be recommended for parous patients without previous bladder neck surgery. Other patients may be more appropriately dealt with by a colposuspension, sling or periurethral collagen.Editorial Comment: The elderly patient with incontinence constitutes a problematic group for the surgeon. Vaginal stenosis, atrophy and tissue frailty, together with neuromuscular and neurologic alterations, are a property of advanced age. The efficacy of abdominal colpourethrocystopexy in such cases is incontestable, but is greatly limited by these problems. It should be noted that although the cure rate is around 50% 2 months after surgery, the same is maintained objectively 2 years later, which should not invalidate this procedure when the suprapubic route cannot be used. The sling procedures are not exempt from complications, mainly chronic retention requiring intermittent catheterization, which is also problematic in this age group.     

经阴道无张力尿道悬吊带治疗女性压力性尿失禁(附37例报告)

目的 探讨经阴道无张力尿道悬吊带(Tension-free vaginal tape，TVT)方法治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床疗效。方法 采用TVT术式治疗女性压力性尿失禁患者37例。利用弧形Trocar穿刺针将TVT从阴道前壁切口放置于尿道中段下方，术后24h拔除导尿管自行排尿。结果 2例患者拔除导尿管后出现急性尿潴留，经扩张尿道，保留导尿后恢复正常排尿。37例随访3-16个月，平均13个月，无尿失禁复发。结论 TVT治疗女性压力性尿失禁疗效满意，手术简单，安全可靠，无严重并发症。     

女性压力性尿失禁经耻骨上膀胱尿道悬吊术后并发症的防治

目的 探讨经耻骨上膀胱尿道悬吊术(SPARC)治疗女性压力性尿失禁术后并发症的防治.方法 2002年7月～2006年1月,采用SPARC治疗女性压力性尿失禁18例,年龄35～68岁,平均49岁.病程2～19年,平均8年.轻度6例,中度8例,重度4例.结果 手术时间25～50min,平均35min.出血量15～40ml,平均30ml.住院3～14d,平均5d.术中膀胱穿孔1例,经留置导尿管2周后治愈.1例术后排尿困难及尿潴留,在门诊行尿道扩张8次后治愈.1例术后3年出现吊带穿破膀胱及膀胱结石形成,经腔镜下膀胱结石碎石后行开放手术将膀胱内吊带切除.余17例随访3～6个月,2例增加腹压时轻度尿失禁,其余15例均排尿通畅,无漏尿及其他并发症.结论 SPARC术中术后注意细心操作和正确及时处理,可以有效降低术后并发症的发生率.     

Long-term efficacy of the Gittes bladder neck suspension with use of ultrasonography for genuine stress urinary incontinence

Thirty-eight patients with genuine stress incontinence underwent the Gittes procedures of the bladder neck suspension under ultrasonical monitoring. We performed the following two procedures. Original Gittes procedure: the puncture of the needle made twice through the different holes of the rectus fascia for each side and the bilateral helical suture was tied down separately above the rectus fascia. Modified Gittes procedure: the needle was passed through the rectus fascia once for each side and the both end of the helical suture was drawn up to suprapubic area, then the bilateral threads were tied over the rectus fascia. Original Gittes procedure was performed for twenty-nine patients and modified Gittes procedure for nine patients. Tightness of the suspension was decided by monitoring the posterior urethrovesical angle with use of the transrectal ultrasonography during the operation. A long term follow up survey was made up by means of a questionnaire by the phone or the mail. A total of thirty-six patients responded the questionnaire for a 94.7% response rate. The mean follow up was 33.1 months. 83.3% of the patients were cured and 5.6% were significantly improved. None of the patients claimed dysuria. There was no difference between the continent rates of the two procedures. We conclude that the Gittes bladder neck suspension with use of ultrasonography is effective for correction of female stress urinary incontinence.     

应用吊带方法经皮膀胱颈悬吊治疗女性压力性尿失禁

目的：介绍吊带方法经皮膀胱颈悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的经验。方法：在近膀胱颈水平，阴道前壁与尿道之间隧道状切口内预置两端带有尼龙线的网状聚丙烯片，术中窥镜监视下，应用Vesica穿刺针经皮穿刺行膀胱颈悬吊治疗女性压力性尿失禁19例。结果：随访3－45个月，平均17个月，除1例逼尿肌反射低下排尿稍费力外，18例患者无尿失禁及排尿困难。结论：吊带方法经皮膀胱颈悬吊术治疗女性压力性尿失禁，操作简便，创伤小，恢复快，临床效果满意。     

TVT手术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的临床分析

目的探讨女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的诊断及无张力阴道吊带术(TVT)的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年5月至2004年8月我院16例女性压力性尿失禁患者无张力阴道吊带治疗效果、并发症情况。结果手术时间平均31.5min。术中出血平均62mL。随访1~15个月,全部病例均治愈,未见远期并发症。结论无张力阴道吊带术是治疗女性压力性尿失禁有效、安全、微创的方法,值得推广。     

Sequential assessment of urodynamic findings before and after transobturator tape procedure for female urodynamic stress incontinence

The objective of this study was to sequentially compare the urodynamic findings of patients with urodynamic stress incontinence before and after transobturator tape procedure. Between May 2004 and December 2005, 26 of 34 consecutive patients with urodynamic stress incontinence who underwent transobturator tape procedure were enrolled. The sequential urodynamic findings of each case were compared and analyzed. Based on pad test, the cure and improvement rates were 69.2 and 30.8%, respectively. A significant increase in pressure transmission ratio at maximal urethral pressure at 1 year postoperatively (p = 0.005) was observed after surgery. The improvement group (n = 8) had significantly lower preoperative maximal urethral closure pressure (45.4 vs 68.2 mmHg, p = 0.036) than did the cure group (n = 18). The postoperatively increased pressure transmission ratio at maximal urethral pressure appears to contribute to its cure for urodynamic stress incontinence.     

Five-year outcomes of the tension-free vaginal tape procedure for treatment of female stress urinary incontinence

OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the long-term efficacy and safety of a tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) procedure for the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in a Korean population. METHODS: We included 134 patients (mean age, 52.3+/-9.3 yr) who underwent the TVT procedure for SUI in three institutions and followed for 5 yr (mean, 67.0 mo; range, 60-76 mo) postoperatively. We analysed voiding diaries and complete multichannel urodynamic studies preoperatively as well as cough stress tests, uroflowmetry, and questionnaires postoperatively. RESULTS: The overall 5-yr success rates (cure/improved) were 94.9% (76.9% and 18.0%, respectively), with an 86.6% patient satisfaction rate. Although the success rates between 1 and 5 yr were similar (97.7% vs. 94.9%), the cure rate decreased from 90.1% to 76.9% (p<0.001) at 5 yr. The 5-yr cure rate for mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) was 72.0%, which was not significantly different from pure SUI (78.0%, p>0.05). Maximal flow rate dropped from 25.9+/-10.3ml/s to 20.4+/-8.6ml/s at 1 mo postoperatively and recovered to 24.8+/-8.5ml/s at 5 yr. Complications included bladder perforation in 5 patients (3.7%), tape cutting or release in 11 (8.2%), and persistent suprapubic pain in 3 (2.2%). Urgency and urge incontinence improved in 46.7% and 48.0% of patients, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: TVT was an effective and safe procedure for SUI and MUI with high success rates in the long-term follow-up. It also improved concomitant overactive bladder symptoms and initially reduced postoperative urine flow, which recovered over time.     

Surgical treatment for female stress urinary incontinence: what is the gold-standard procedure?

In the last few years, the Burch colposuspension and the fascial slings were often defined from the pages of the most relevant journals of general medicine, as gold-standard procedures for the surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), whereas mid-urethral slings (tension-free vaginal tape (TVT) and tension-free vaginal tape obturator) were attributed a marginal and almost experimental role in this field. This poorly reflect the current scenario of the surgical management of SUI: Recently, a number of meta-analysis have demonstrated that TVT is significantly more effective if compared to colposuspension and that it is followed by significantly lower perioperative morbidity if compared to pubovaginal slings. It is not realistic to suggest to general practitioners that the surgical gold standard for SUI includes the performance of a wide laparotomy, long hospital stays and a high risk of long-lasting intermittent self-catheterisation. This would inevitably discourage women from embarking on surgical treatment, which instead could actually improve their quality of life.     

经闭孔尿道中段吊带术治疗女性压力性尿失禁的疗效分析

目的:探讨女性压力性尿失禁(SUI)的临床特征及经闭孔尿道中段吊带术(TVT-O)治疗SUI的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2009年10月至2018年6月海军军医大学第一附属医院收治的319例女性SUI患者的病例资料。中位年龄58(39~91)岁,其中≥60岁145例(45.5%)。伴高血压病96例(30.1%),糖尿病24例(7.5%)。未婚未孕2例(0.6%),有生育史317例(99.4%)。31例(9.7%)合并Ⅱ~Ⅳ度盆腔脏器脱垂。SUI中位病程5(0.2~40.0)年。中度尿失禁155例(48.6%),重度尿失禁164例(51.4%)。319例术前中位最大尿流率30(5.2~72.6)ml/s,中位尿流量380.5(56.7~1013.6)ml。术前国际尿失禁咨询委员会尿失禁问卷表简表(ICIQ-SF)中位评分14(9~19)分。288例行TVT-O。31例合并Ⅱ~Ⅳ度盆腔脏器脱垂者,一期行经闭孔四臂网片盆底修复术联合TVT-O。结果:288例TVT-O平均手术时间(32.3±8.0)(19~60)min,31例盆腔修复手术联合TVT-O平均手术时间(75.5±17.0)(50~120)min。术后随访265例,随访率83.1%,随访时间12~24个月。其中254例(95.8%)客观治愈,248例(93.6%)主观治愈,10例(3.8%)主观缓解,7例(2.6%)主观无改善。30例(96.8%)盆腔脏器脱垂治愈。术后并发症分别为腹股沟区疼痛28例(10.6%),新发尿急12例(4.5%),尿路感染9例(3.4%),排尿困难7例(2.6%),性交痛3例(1.1%),膀胱损伤、吊带侵蚀、切口瘢痕增生各1例(0.4%)。结论:女性SUI患者以中老年为主,就诊时以中重度患者为主。TVT-O治愈率高、并发症较少且大多在可控范围内。对于SUI合并中重度盆腔脏器脱垂患者,可一期行TVT-O联合盆底修复手术。