良性前列腺增生患者腔内手术后谵妄发生的临床分析

目的 预防良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者腔内手术后谵妄的发生. 方法 总结我院接受腔内手术治疗的370例BPH患者的临床资料,分析患者年龄、并存疾病、手术方法、手术时间以及术后疼痛等因素对谵妄产生的影响. 结果 370例患者术后共发生谵妄19例,发生率5.1%.单因素分析显示,患者年龄(χ~2=7.37,P<0.05)、并存疾病(χ~2=10.26,P<0.05)、手术时间(χ~2=19.87,P<0.05)以及术后疼痛(χ~2=4.99,P<0.05)这4个因素与谵妄发生有关;多因素Logistic回归分析显示患者年龄(OR=5.38,P<0.05)、并存疾病(OR=4.97,P<0.05)、手术时间(OR=6.52,P<0.05)是谵妄发生的重要影响因素. 结论 对BPH高龄患者应特别注意改善其全身情况,做好充分的术前准备,缩短手术时间等对预防术后谵妄有积极意义.     

前列腺增生合并慢性前列腺炎临床分析

目的 观察良性前列腺增生症(BPH)合并慢性前列腺炎患者在同时接受慢性前列腺炎药物治疗时,其临床症状的改变.方法 BPH诊断明确并接受药物治疗半年以上而自觉疗效不甚理想的98例BPH患者,按美国国立卫生院制定的慢性前列腺炎症状评分(NIH-CPSI),诊断标准均符合慢性前列腺炎诊断(CPSI＞4分).将其分为治疗组(52例)和对照组(46例),治疗组在不改变原治疗方案的情况下同时给予慢性前列腺炎的药物治疗,包括选用高解离系数和高脂溶性的大环内脂类或喹诺酮类抗生素药物,非选择性M胆碱受体阻滞剂及前列安栓等中成药,并戒酒和辛辣食物,同时采用温水坐浴等物理治疗;对照组则继续原前列腺增生治疗方案.观察两组治疗2个月后的症状改变情况.结果 治疗组治疗后国际BPH症状评分(I-PSS)由治疗前的(11.7±2.8)分降至治疗后的(10.1±2.4)分,其中尿频、尿急和尿不尽的症状评分均值分别由治疗前的(1.7±0.9)、(2.6±1.0)和(2.0±1.1)分降至治疗后的(1.5±0.9)、(2.1±0.9)和(1.4±0.9)分,治疗前、后比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).CPSI均值由治疗前(9.7±2.4)分减少至治疗后的(6.7±1.8)分,其中疼痛症状、排尿症状、严重程度分别由治疗前的(2.9±1.6)分、(3.7±1.5)分和(3.1±1.4)分减少至治疗后的(1.8±1.1)分、(2.8±1.0)分和(2.1±1.2)分,治疗前、后比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).而对照组治疗前、后FPSS和CPSI各项评分差异均无统计学意义.结论 前列腺增生症患者在接受系统前列腺增生治疗后,如症状仍无明显改善,且按NIH-CPSI评分符合慢性前列腺炎的诊断标准,可同时给予前列腺炎治疗,患者的部分症状可得到明显改善.     

Assessing symptom improvement after elective prostatectomy for benign prostatic hypertrophy.

BACKGROUND--Elective surgery for benign prostatic hypertrophy requires estimates of likely improvement. METHODS--Data are from a prospective study of all patients without cancer who underwent transurethral prostatectomy. After eliminating patients for whom surgery was not elective, we examined symptom improvement. RESULTS--Surgery was effective in reducing symptoms for all but those with very mild preoperative symptoms. For the remainder, the average level of postoperative outcomes achieved was independent of the initial symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS--Elective prostatectomy is effectiveness for improving symptoms. The improvement is typically sustained, and for some symptoms improvement continues during the first year after surgery. Patients with severe symptoms were as likely to achieve the same level of postoperative improvement as were patients with less severe problems initially. However, patients with very mild symptoms benefited little or none from surgery.     

经尿道前列腺汽化和开放手术对老年前列腺增生患者性功能的影响

目的 评价经尿道前列腺汽化(TUVP)和开放性手术对老年前列腺增生(BPH)患者术后性功能的影响。方法 分别统计TUVP组(52例)、耻骨上经膀胱前列腺切除组(SPP组，46例)和耻骨后保留尿道前列腺切除组(Madigan组，32例)术后6、12个月勃起障碍与逆行射精的发生率。结果 术后6个月勃起障碍的发生率：TUVP组、SPP组、Madigan组分别为13．4％(7例)、15．2％(7例)、12．5％(4例)，术后12个月分别为11．5％(6例)、15．2％(7例)、12．5％(4例)；术后6、12个月逆行射精的发生率3组分别为46．2％(24例)、39．1％(18例)、9．3％(3例)。结论 TUVP与传统开放性手术SPP及Madigan手术对勃起障碍及性活动的影响不明显，但逆行射精的发生率较Madign手术组高，提示TUVP对术后射精功能有较大影响。     

舍曲林对老年良性前列腺增生伴抑郁患者的疗效

目的考察舍曲林对老年良性前列腺增生（BPH）伴抑郁患者的疗效。方法将2011年1月至2012年5月由解放军总医院第一附属医院干部病房二科收治的118例老年BPH伴抑郁的患者随机分为治疗组（60例）和对照组（58例）。对照组采取常规前列腺增生治疗,治疗组在常规前列腺增生治疗基础上,同时给予抗抑郁药物舍曲林治疗12周。在治疗前及治疗后2,4,8,12周,使用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD-17）和汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评定抗抑郁焦虑疗效,使用治疗不良反应量表（TESS）评定药物不良反应,治疗前后使用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI-74）评定生活质量的变化。分别进行两组治疗前后对比分析,评价舍曲林对患者抑郁焦虑症状的疗效及对生活质量的影响。结果经12周治疗后,治疗组患者的抑郁、焦虑症状显著改善（P〈O．01）。生活质量的心理健康和社会功能方面明显高于治疗前,并且高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）。结论舍曲林对BPH伴抑郁患者的疗效显著,有利于改善患者的生活质量。     

Sexual function in patients treated for benign prostatic hyperplasia

CONTEXT: What is the effect of different treatment options for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on sexual function or dysfunction? With increasing age, sexual dysfunction and BPH become more prevalent. Some treatments for BPH can affect sexual function. Different surgical treatments have different effects on sexual function depending on how much the internal involuntary sphincter is affected. The same is true for medical therapies, each class of drug having a unique affect on sexual function. STARTING POINT: In the past, many articles suggested a causal relation between BPH and sexual dysfunction. But a recent report by H Leliefeld and colleagues (BJU International 2002; 89: 208-13) confirms the idea that the relation is coincidental. Prospectively, these investigators examined patients at baseline and 9 months after various treatments for BPH with questionnaires on voiding symptoms, related complications, and sexual function. 84% of patients reported no change in sexual function. All treatments showed both improvement and deterioration in 3-14% and 0-16% of patients, respectively. As expected, age was the most important determinant of sexual function. In addition, the effect of severe irritative symptoms or the presence of urological comorbidity, such as bladder stones, increased the rate of sexual dysfunction. In this study, most patients underwent surgical therapy or watchful waiting while fewer had medical therapy. Too few patients had minimally invasive procedures to comment on their effect on sexual function. WHRE NEXT? Thus the relation between treatment of BPH (or watchful waiting) and sexual dysfunction is usually coincidental, unless symptoms become severe or complications (such as bladder stones or urinary retention) develop. More prospective studies are needed to assess the effect of BPH and its treatment on sexual function. Medical therapy is now more common than surgery in developed countries and treatment of BPH is commonly advocated for improvement in quality of life. Therefore any effects on sexual function become even more important. As minimally invasive surgical operations become more common, more data will be required for such interventions. The difficulty will be in keeping up with the rapidly evolving techniques of minimally invasive therapies.     

保留尿道前列腺切除联合膀胱颈部成形术治疗良性小前列腺增生症

目的　探讨小体积良性前列腺增生症 (BPH)的理想手术方式。方法　 30例小体积 BPH行保留尿道前列腺切除联合膀胱颈口成形术 ,从国际前列腺症状评分 (IPSS)及最大尿流率 (Qm ax)观察治疗效果。结果　IPSS分别由术前的 (2 6 .4± 3.6 )分降至术后 (6 .2± 3.4 )分 ,Qm ax由术前 (7.2± 4 .3) ml/ s提高到术后 (2 3.5±4 .1) ml/ s,显示保留尿道前列腺切除联合膀胱颈口成形术后 ,IPSS及 Qm ax得以明显改善。结论　保留尿道前列腺切除联合膀胱颈口成形术是开放手术中治疗小体积前列腺增生症比较理想的手术方式     

Metabolic factors associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia

CONTEXt: Benign prostatic hyperplasia poses a significant public health problem, but its etiology remains unclear. Obesity and associated abnormalities in glucose homeostasis may play a role in benign prostatic hyperplasia development by influencing prostate growth. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine whether obesity, fasting plasma glucose concentration, and diabetes are associated with radiologically determined prostate enlargement, an objective measure of benign prostatic hyperplasia. DESIGN: This study was a cross-sectional analysis with robust variance estimates to account for multiple measures over time in the same individuals. SETTING: This prospective cohort study was composed of community volunteers. PATIENTS: Patients studied were 422 adult men enrolled in The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Total prostate volume as determined by pelvic magnetic resonance imaging was measured. RESULTS: Among 422 participants, 91 (21.6%) had prostate enlargement (defined as total prostate volume >/= 40 cc) at first visit. Compared with men of normal weight [body mass index (BMI) < 25 kg/m(2)], the age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) for prostate enlargement for overweight men (BMI, 25-29.9 kg/m(2)) was 1.41 (95% CI, 0.84-2.37), for obese men (BMI, 30-34 kg/m(2)) was 1.27 (95% CI, 0.68-2.39), and for severely obese men (BMI >/= 35 kg/m(2)) was 3.52 (95% CI, 1.45-8.56) (P = 0.01). Men with elevated fasting glucose (>110 mg/dl) were more likely to have an enlarged prostate than men with normal fasting glucose (相似文献   

BPH伴糖尿病患者尿流动力学观察及意义

目的 观察良性前列腺增生(BPH)伴糖尿病患者的尿流动力学特点.方法 采用加拿大Laborie尿动力检查仪对78例BPH伴糖尿病患者(观察组)和80例单纯性BPH患者(对照组)进行尿流动力学检测,并比较两组检测结果.结果 观察组膀胱初始尿意容量、最大膀胱容量、膀胱残余尿量、膀胱顺应性均明显高于对照组,最大逼尿肌压力明显低于对照组,两组比较,P均＜0.05;观察组膀胱感觉减退者、高顺应性膀胱者、逼尿肌收缩乏力者所占比例均明显高于对照组(P均＜0.05),膀胱出口梗阻者所占比例明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 当BPH合并糖尿病时,其典型的尿流动力学表现为膀胱感觉减退、顺应性增高、逼尿肌收缩乏力、膀胱容量及残余尿量增加,且膀胱逼尿肌受损较单纯性BPH患者更明显,治疗BPH合并糖尿病患者时,应积极控制血糖并及早手术解除膀胱出口梗阻,延缓膀胱逼尿肌功能的损害.     

Pathogenesis and medical management of benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is an almost universal disorder of aging males. The disease is heterogeneous with respect to the histology, size, symptoms, and response to medical management. Current medical therapies are based upon the knowledge of the pathophysiology of the disease and include hormonal therapies and alpha(1)-adrenergic blockade. Although there are at present no prognostic indicators of response to therapy, future studies may help delineate those patients who will most benefit from the various forms of treatment.     

老年人代谢综合征与良性前列腺增生的关系

目的 回顾性分析老年代谢综合征(MS)与良性前列腺增生(BPH)的关系.方法 老年男性859名,其中单纯MS患者8例,单纯BPH患者619例,两种疾病并存者192例,未患病者40例.检测空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),并计算体质指数(BMI)、前列腺体积及前列腺年增长率(PG),分析代谢性危险因素与BPH的相关性.结果 BPH患者MS组与非MS组相比收缩压、舒张压、体质量、BMI、TG及FBG偏高(t=6.15、5.99、13.12、15.56、10.63、9.94,均P＜0.01),HDL-C浓度偏低(t=-7.57,P＜0.01);随着MS组分个数的增加,前列腺体积增加(F=2.98,P=0.031);随着年龄、体质量、BMI、收缩压、PG的增加,前列腺体积增大(t值分别为-6.39、-2.39、-2.36、-2.13、-25.85,均P＜0.05);前列腺体积与年龄、收缩压、体质量、BMI、血压升高呈正相关(r值分别为0.229、0.079、0.090、0.089、0.088,均P＜0.05);非条件Logistic回归分析校正混杂因素后,年龄、体质量和收缩压＞130 mm Hg(1 m Hg=0.133 kPa)为前列腺增生的独立相关因素(OR值分别为1.07、1.03、1.34,均P＜0.05).结论 老年患者BPH与MS有关,MS可能参与老年人BPH的发生发展过程,但其机制尚有待进一步研究.

Abstract：

Objective To retrospectively analyze the relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and metabolic syndrome (MS) in senior patients. Methods The 859 male senior patients including 619 cases with BPH and 8 cases with MS were enrolled in this study, and there were 192 cases with both diseases and 40 controls. The levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured. The body mass index (BMI), prostate volume and annual prostate growth rate were determined or calculated. The correlations of BPH with other metabolic risk factors were analyzed. Results The levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), body weight, BMI, TG and FPG were higher (t=6.15, 5.99, 13.12, 15.56, 10.63 and 9.94, all P＜0.01), while serum HDL-C level was lower (t=-7.57,P＜0.01) in BPH patients with MS than without MS. As the number of components of MS was increased, the prostate volume was increased (F=2.98, P=0.031). As the age, body weight, BMI, SBP and PG were increased, the prostate volume was increased (t=-6.39,-2.39,-2.36,-2.13,-25.85,all P＜0.05). Spearman analysis showed that prostate volume was positively correlated with age, SBP, body weight, BMI and hypertension (r=0.229, 0.079, 0.090, 0.089 and 0.088, all P＜0.05). And age, body weight and SBP were the independent risk factors for BPH (OR=1.07, 1.03 and 1.34, all P＜0.05). Conclusions The present study demonstrates a relationship between BPH and MS in senior patients. Future studies are needed to confirm our results and to explain underlying mechanisms.     

老年良性前列腺增生夜尿病因分类和相关因素分析

Objective To explore the classification and risk factors of nocturia in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Methods The 120 males aged 60 years old and over were enrolled who were first diagnosed as BPH or had ceased the BPH medication for at least 3 months.The patients were divided into six groups according to the nocturnal voiding episodes estimated according to the international prostate symptom score (IPSS). All 120 males were inquired about general information and medical histories. The time and volume of intake and voided urine were recorded for 72 hours. The indexes of prostate and bladder function in all cases were also examined and recorded. Results The incidence of nocturia in our study was 79.2%, the incidence of nocturnal polyuria and overactive bladder were 3.3% and 10.8%, respectively. The quality of life was affected by the duration between the time of patients' going to bed and the first time getting up at night. After excluding the cases of nocturnal polyuria and overactive bladder, statistical analysis indicated that the age, and residual urine volume of the bladder were positively associated with nocturia frequencies (NF), the nocturnal voiding volume negatively with NF, while the prostate volume and peak flow rate were not associated with NF. Drinking volume in 24-hours affected the nocturia (P＜0. 01). Conclusions Nocturia is a common complaint in elderly males with BPH and significantly affects the quality of life. The age and the storing function of bladder are more important factors as compared with prostate hyperplasia itself.     

老年良性前列腺增生夜尿病因分类和相关因素分析

目的 探讨老年良性前列腺增生(BPH)患者夜尿的病因分类以及相关因素. 方法 选取60岁及以上明确诊断为BPH的男性患者,但未对BPH进行治疗或曾经服用药物但停药至少3个月以上者120例,按国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)中夜尿次数从0～5分为6组,记录研究对象的一般情况和病史、前列腺和膀胱功能的指标和72 h排尿日记并进行分析. 结果 夜尿95例,发病率为79.2%,其中夜尿量增多和膀胱过度活动发病率分别为3.3%和10.8%.夜尿次数尤其是夜间第1次排尿时间过短对生活质量评分有影响.去除夜尿量增多和膀胱过度活动后的多因素分析结果显示,患者的年龄和残余尿量与夜尿次数呈正相关,与夜间膀胱容量呈负相关;前列腺体积和最大尿流率与夜尿次数无关.全天饮水量的增加造成夜尿次数的增多(P＜0.01). 结论 夜尿在老年BPH患者中很普遍,夜尿次数增多或夜间第1次排尿时间的缩短明显影响老年人的生活质量.排尿日记比IPSS更能反映夜尿的真实情况,可以为分类治疗提供依据.相对于前列腺腺体增生,年龄和夜间膀胱储尿功能对老年人夜尿次数的影响更大.     

老年良性前列腺增生症单药治疗无效的危险因素

目的通过分析α-受体阻滞剂治疗老年良性前列腺增生症(BPH)无效的危险因素,明确初诊老年BPH的药物选择。方法回顾研究96例老年BPH患者,其中单用α-受体阻滞剂坦索罗新治疗组42例,与5α-还原酶抑制剂非那雄胺联合治疗组54例,比较两组国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量指数(QOL)、最大尿流速(Qmax)、残余尿量(PVR)、前列腺体积及血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)。结果联合用药与单药治疗组比较,前列腺体积、Qmax和IPSS具有统计学差异;多元回归分析显示IPSS(P<0.001)及前列腺体积(P<0.05)与老年BPH单药治疗无效密切相关。结论老年BPH患者单药及联合治疗均能改善病情,对于初诊时具有较高的IPSS评分及严重的前列腺体积增大者应给予药物联合治疗。     

老年科良性前列腺增生患者就诊需求调查

目的 了解良性前列腺增生(PBH)患者的就诊需求情况及其影响因素. 方法 采用多阶段分层随机抽样的方法 对中国9个城市的26家医院1527例年龄≥60岁的门诊BPH患者进行调查,采用秩和检验和秩相关的方法 评价BPH患者就诊需求的状况及影响因素. 结果 1527例BPH患者中,大部分患者认为医生开具检查项目前与之沟通1297例(84.9%)、认为自己需要BPH进展的健康指导1310例(85.8%)、认为自己需要BPH诊断的健康指导1279例(83.8%)、认为自己需要BPH治疗的健康指导1329例(87.0%)是必要的.医生开具检查项目前与之沟通、认为自己需要BPH进展、诊断、治疗的健康指导在不同年龄分组、医疗保健、症状持续时间、疾病确证时间、国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)、生活质量量表(QOL)评分中分布差异有统计学意义(均为P<0.05),在不同民族、退休状况、婚姻状况、居住方式、家庭人均月收入、就诊情况中均无统计学意义(均为P>0.05). 结论 患者就诊需求高,与年龄分组、医疗保健、症状持续时间、疾病确诊时间、IPSS、QOL评分等有关,并希望得到健康指导.     

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-2 in patients with prostate carcinoma and benign prostatic hyperplasia

OBJECTIVE Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 is a major prostatic IGFBP and may be involved in regulating prostate growth. Patients with prostate carcinoma (PC) have elevated serum IGFBP-2 levels which correlate with the specific PC marker, prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The aims of this study were (i) to investigate whether elevated serum IGFBP-2 is unique to PC or also occurs in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), (ii) to examine the relationships among age, PSA and IGFBP-2 levels, and (iii) to examine longitudinal changes in serum IGFBP-2 with PSA in PC. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Sixteen patients (61–83 years) with inoperable PC attending the Oncology Unit at a tertiary referral hospital were studied. Some serum samples were obtained retrospectively while the majority were collected prospectively over 13 months of treatment. The patients with PC were compared to eight patients (66–73 years) with histologically-proven BPH and seven male control subjects (61–82 years) with no known prostate abnormality. MEASUREMENTS A new IGFBP-2 RIA was developed. Serum PSA (by EIA), and IGFBP-2, IGFBP-3, IGF-I and IGF-II (by RIA) were measured in all subjects, and serially in patients with PC. RESULTS Serum IGFBP-2 was significantly higher in PC with high PSA (560 ±66 μg/l, n =12) than PC with normal PSA (292 ±65 μg/l, n =4, P =0.02), BPH (364 ±61 μg/l, P =0.03) and controls (367 ±44 μg/l, P =0.04). Mean IGFBP-2 in BPH was not different from controls. IGFBP-2 and PSA were significantly correlated with age (r =0.543 and r =0.433 respectively) and with each other even when the age effect was removed. Serum IGFBP-2 and PSA levels changed concordantly in all seven PC patients who had serial sampling. Serum IGF-II but not IGF-I or IGFBP-3 was higher in PC and BPH than controls (PC 332 ±23 μg/l, BPH 359 ±26 μg/l vs. controls 241 ±37 μg/l; P =0.03 and 0.02 respectively). CONCLUSIONS Serum IGFBP-2 levels are uniquely elevated in active prostate carcinoma but not in benign prostatic hyperplasia. In prostate carcinoma, serum IGFBP-2 levels closely parallel those of prostate-specific antigen and probably reflect tumour burden. The relationship between prostatic-specific antigen and IGFBP-2 is partially independent of their individual relationships with age. Although serum IGFBP-2 is less sensitive than prostate-specific antigen in prostate carcinoma it may have adjunctive value in its management.