An extremely large solitary primary paraganglioma of the lung: Report of a case

We present herein the case of a 38-year-old woman found to have an extremely large solitary primary paraganglioma of the lung. The patient presented with chest pain on exertion and a mass was discovered in the left lower lobe of the lung by chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT). As no other neoplasms were detected elsewhere, a left lower lobectomy was performed. The patient has remained well without any evidence of recurrence for 5 years since her operation. The tumor, measuring 13×12×7 cm, was composed of ovoid cells (Zellballen), which were positive for Fontana-Masson and Grimelius stains, and sustentacular cells. Immunohistochemically, the ovoid cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase, S-100, CAM5.2, Leu7, and chromogranin A, and negative for carcinoembryonic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. The sustentacular cells were positive for S-100 protein and CAM5.2, and negative for glial fibrillary acid protein. Therefore, the tumor was diagnosed as a paraganglioma. The tumor from our patient is the largest of the 17 solitary primary pulmonary paragangliomas reported thus far in the English-language literature.     

联合脏器切除术在进展期胃癌治疗中的应用

目的　了解联合脏器切除术在进展期胃癌中的应用效果。方法　对我科 1994年 9月- 1997年 3月施以联合脏器切除术的 4 9例进展期胃癌病人的临床资料进行回顾性分析 ,并对照同时期未行根治手术和接受标准胃癌根治术的病人。结果　联合脏器切除术治疗进展期胃癌 1年、3年、5年生存率分别为 77.5 5 %、30 .6 1%、14 .2 9% ,明显高于同时期姑息手术和剖腹探查组 (1年生存率比较P <0 .0 1,3年、5年生存率比较P <0 .0 5 ) ,并发症发生率 12 .2 4 % ,与标准胃癌根治术组无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　联合脏器切除术治疗进展期胃癌能明显改善病人预后 ,延长生存期 ,且相对安全。强调适应证的掌握和手术方式的选择 ,注重围手术期的处理     

PHAEOCHROMOCYTOMA: EXPERIENCE FROM A REFERRAL HOSPITAL IN SOUTHERN INDIA

Background : Phaeochromocytoma has been traditionally called the ‘Tumour of Tens’. Many investigators have reported the prevalence of extra-adrenal phaeochromocytoma to be more than 10%. Methods : All consecutive adult patients diagnosed to have phaeochromocytoma by the departments of endocrinology and surgical endocrinology of the Christian Medical Hospital, India, over a period of 10 years from 1988 to 1998, were included in the study. Results : A total of 30 patients were diagnosed to have phaeochromocytoma. Extra-adrenal phaeochromocytoma accounted for 26.6% of cases. Ten per cent of cases were bilateral, 6.6% were malignant and one patient had a familial tumour (multiple endocrine neoplasia IIB). The tumours were localized pre-operatively in all patients. Multicentric extra-adrenal tumours were not found in this series. All patients except one were explored by the anterior transperitoneal approach. Persistent hypertension was noted in 30% of patients. Conclusions : Our series shows a higher prevalence (26.6%) of extra-adrenal tumours than the traditionally described 10%. With accurate pre-operative localization, a transperitoneal approach may not be necessary. The laparoscopic approach needs to be evaluated in light of these findings.     

老年胃癌患者的外科治疗

目的探讨老年胃癌患者的外科手术治疗方法及其治疗效果。方法回顾性分析我院1999年6月至2003年6月226例65岁以上老年胃癌患者行手术治疗的临床资料。胃癌根治性切除122例(D157例,D232例,D333例),姑息性切除56例,行远端胃切除术107例,近端胃切除术51例,全胃切除术15例,联合器官(脾、胰尾、横结肠)切除5例,未切除41例。结果围手术期死亡率为3.1%,手术并发症发生率为17.3%。随访207例,平均随访时间37(12~60)个月。总体中位生存时间32.5个月;根治性切除组平均为37个月,姑息性切除组为19个月,未切除组为8个月;5年生存率根治性切除组为28.0%,姑息性切除组为2.1%,未切除组为0。根治性切除者的术后生存时间明显长于姑息性切除者,差异有显著意义(P<0.01)。结论老年胃癌术后并发症发生率高。对老年胃癌患者积极行根治性切除术,能延长生存期,改善患者生活质量,但应做好围手术期处理。     

腹腔镜在胃癌根治术的应用进展

近年来有关早期胃癌的微创治疗进展很快，并已取得国内外的共识。对进展期胃癌应用腹腔镜行胃癌根治术尽管已经取得了较好的临床效果，但仍尚待前瞻性多中心临床随机对照研究。从应用前景看，随着术者技术的完善、观念的改变、经验的积累、手术器械的不断改进，腹腔镜胃癌根治术必将在胃癌手术中扮演越来越重要的角色。     

老年胃肿瘤手术136例分析

目的总结老年胃肿瘤手术方式、围术期处理及其疗效。方法回顾性分析136例60岁以上老年人胃肿瘤患者临床资料,其中胃癌患者117例,行根治术103例,姑息性切除8例,胃空肠短路吻合术4例,仅行探查活检2例 其他肿瘤行胃次全切除19例。结果术后发生并发症10例,死亡2例。98例获平均38个月随访,胃癌患者1,3,5年生存率分别为86.4%,71.6%和47.7%。结论老年胃肿瘤患者应加强围手术期处理,增强手术耐受能力,提高手术安全性,减少并发症发生机率,手术时机及方式以＂缓＂和＂简＂为原则。     

全胃切除术治疗贲门癌124例体会

目的总结全胃切除术治疗贲门癌的临床体会。方法124例贲门癌患者,98例行根治性全胃切除术,26例行姑息性全胃切除术 经腹入路112例,胸腹联合切口入路12例 应用吻合器吻合119例,手工缝合5例。结果术后发生食道吻合口漏2例,吻合口狭窄4例,吻合口出血1例,膈下、胸腔积液16例,经抗炎、止血等对症治疗痊愈出院。术后平均住院11.4（8～14）d。结论适当的入路选择,合理正确的吻合器使用,酌情结合手工缝合重建消化道,既可提高全胃切除术治疗贲门癌的彻底性,又可减少手术创伤,加快术后恢复,减少并发症的发生,重视围手术期处理可有效降低手术风险。     

Surgical management of parapharyngeal space masses

BACKGROUND: We sought to examine surgical techniques used to remove parapharyngeal space (PPS) masses. METHODS: This retrospective search was conducted from 1980 to 2003. Age, sex, diagnosis, surgical approach, complications, and outcome were collected. RESULTS: One hundred sixty-six PPS masses were identified: 21 (12.7%) were malignant, 145 (87.3%) were benign, 76 (45.8%) were vascular, and 69 (41.6 %) involved the skull base. Transcervical techniques were used in all cases. Removing the styloid and its musculature and level II lymphadenectomies enhanced exposure for vascular and skull base tumors. Thirty transcervical-transmastoid dissections (20.4%) facilitated removal of vascular skull base tumors. To identify the facial nerve, 20 transparotid-transcervical approaches (13.6%) were performed. Three mandibulotomies (2.0%) were required for internal carotid artery involvement. Expected neurologic sequelae resulted from cranial nerve involvement by tumor. Three patients (2.0%), all presenting with recurrent cancer, had local recurrences. CONCLUSION: Careful patient assessment and surgical techniques allow the oncologically safe removal of benign, vascular, and skull base PPS tumors.     

老年食管癌、贲门癌根治术的围手术期处理(附580例体会)

目的总结老年食管癌、贲门癌患者围手术期处理经验。方法回顾性分析老年食管癌、贲门癌580例手术治疗情况,平均年龄68(60～79)岁。术中予双腔气管插管、静脉复合麻醉,经左后外侧开胸行食管、贲门癌根治性切除术;围手术期予营养支持、呼吸道管理,并及时处理呼吸衰竭等并发症。结果术后发生并发症152例,其中呼吸道并发症118例(77.6%),死亡12例,7例死于呼吸衰竭,2例心脏猝死。360例平均随访4(1～7)年,3年、5年生存率分别为48.7%和36.8%。结论老年食管癌、贲门癌围手术期予营养支持、严格的呼吸道管理及术后正确处理呼吸道并发症是手术治疗成功的关键。     

胃间质瘤的外科治疗

目的分析胃的胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinalstromaltumor,GIST)外科治疗效果及其影响因素。方法总结我院1990年1月至2004年12月外科治疗的70例胃的GIST临床资料,对其病理切片(含免疫组织化学检查)重新复核并加以随访,分析手术切除的效果以及影响手术疗效的因素。结果行完全切除术63例,其中扩大切除术20例,肿瘤及所在器官切除24例,肿瘤局部切除19例;行不完全切除7例。全组中位生存时间为60.2月,术后1~、3~和5~年生存率分别为96.3%、72.1%和61.9%。完全切除术组患者生存率明显优于不完全切除术组(P<0.05),后者无一例生存超过2年。完全切除术组中,肿瘤局部切除和肿瘤及所在器官切除患者生存率之间比较,差异无显著意义(P>0.05),但二者分别与扩大切除术者比较,差异却有显著性意义(P<0.05)。完全切除术患者的生存率与其性别、肿瘤大小和性质、核分裂数及复发转移有关;但多因素的Cox回归分析显示,术后生存率仅与肿瘤大小、核分裂和复发转移相关(P<0.05)。结论胃的GIST仍以外科治疗为主,原则上施行肿瘤完全切除即可,广泛切除或扩大淋巴结清扫不能提高生存率。     

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腹茧症是一种罕见的腹部疾病,病因不明,以腹腔部分或全部脏器被一层纤维膜包裹为其特征,包裹内容物以小肠最为常见,形似蚕茧。本病术前诊断困难,常以肠梗阻或腹部包块为首发症状,治疗原则以手术为主。对于因肠梗阻而就诊的病例应充分松解粘连,解决肠梗阻问题;对无症状的病例,在     

胃间质瘤的手术治疗

目的探讨胃间质瘤的手术治疗方法及临床病理特点。方法回顾性分析经手术治疗的78例胃间质瘤患者的临床和病理资料,其中男34例,女44例。手术完全切除76例,其中胃楔形切除39例,远端胃大部切除术17例,近端胃大部切除术20例;姑息性切除2例。结果肿瘤平均直径5.5cm,其中<5cm者39例,5~10cm者27例,>10cm者12例。病变位于胃窦部12例,胃体部30例,胃底部36例。胃周淋巴结转移2例(2.6%)。免疫组化结果:CD117阳性74例(94.9%),CD34阳性61例(78.2%),SMA阳性29例(37.2%),Desmin阳性8例(10.3%),S-100阳性8例(10.3%)。72例(92.3%)获随访,平均56.1(3~168)个月,术后5年生存率为70.3%,术后复发转移11例(15.3%),术后复发转移者再次手术治疗6例,再次手术切除可延长患者生命。结论胃间质瘤的治疗以手术为主,术中应注意完整切除和防止肿瘤破裂。     

青年医师连续52例食管癌、贲门癌手术无并发症治疗体会

目的总结青年医师连续食管癌、贲门癌手术无并发症的治疗体会。方法回顾性分析52例食管癌、贲门癌手术的临床资料,其中食管癌36例,贲门癌16例。肿瘤根治性切除后行食管胃胸膜顶吻合2例,主动脉弓上(含弓后)吻合13例,食管胃主动脉弓下吻合37例。手术均采用机械吻合。结果本组病例手术时间为160～280 min,围术期无麻醉意外,术中无大出血,无近期的吻合口狭窄,连续无吻合口瘘、脓胸、乳糜胸、心脑血管意外及肺部感染等并发症,均治愈出院。结论青年医师连续食管癌、贲门癌手术无并发症的关键在于"慎于术前,精于术中,勤于术后",多学习,并按照从贲门癌→食管下段癌→食管中段癌→食管上段癌这一由易到难的顺序进行。     

胃间质瘤的外科治疗(附40例报告)

目的探讨胃间质瘤的诊治方法。方法回顾性分析40例胃间质瘤的临床表现、诊断和外科治疗。结果40例中最主要的临床症状为上腹部胀痛不适，经胃镜、胃肠钡透、CT及B超等检查发现，29例肿瘤位于贲门及胃底体部，11例位于胃窦部。40例均经手术切除，切除率为100％，14例(35．0％)行肿瘤单纯切除，11例(27．5％)行远端胃大部切除术，14例(35．0％)行胃近端切除，1例(2．5％)行全胃切除及胰尾和脾切除术。本组均获随访，平均3．5年，7例复发(17．5％)，再次行肿瘤单纯切除术或含大网膜的肿瘤切除；4例死亡(10％)，均为恶性患者。结论胃间质瘤治疗以手术为主，根据肿瘤部位，大小及病理结果选择不同术式，切缘至少距肿瘤3cm以上，不需常规行淋巴结清扫，术中保证肿瘤的完整性十分重要。     

巴曲亭在胃癌和直肠癌根治术中的应用

目的观察蛇毒血凝酶(巴曲亭)在胃癌、直肠癌根治术中和术后的止血效果。方法胃癌、直肠癌患者各100例,随机分成巴曲亭组和对照组,每组胃癌、直肠癌患者各50例。巴曲亭组术前30min、术中分别静脉滴注巴曲亭1U,创面用浸泡巴曲亭生理盐水溶液的纱布压迫止血,术后静脉滴注巴曲亭2U/d,连续3d;对照组仅用0.9%氯化钠溶液。观察切口的止血时间、切口单位面积出血量(g/cm2),记录术中出血量、术后3d的引流量和围手术期浓缩红细胞的输入量,同时观察巴曲亭对凝血功能的影响。结果巴曲亭组与对照组切口止血时间分别为(120.3±38.7)s和(158.8±37.6)s,切口单位面积出血量分别为(0.2±0.1)g/cm2与(0.3±0.2)g/cm2,术中出血量分别为(254±110)g与(386±145)g,术后总引流量分别为(289±135)g和(405±196)g,浓缩红细胞输入量分别为(0.8±0.4)U与(1.9±0.5)U,巴曲亭组均少于对照组(P<0.05)。而两组术前和术后凝血功能无明显差异(P0.05)。结论巴曲亭在胃癌和直肠癌根治术中具有明显的止血效果,安全性好,能明显缩短手术时间,减少术中、术后出血和围手术期输血。     

胃大部切除术后残胃癌51例临床诊疗分析

目的研究胃大部切除术后发生残胃癌(gastric stump cancer,GSC)的相关因素及治疗结果。方法回顾性分析462例接受胃大部切除术患者的临床资料,共发生GSC51例,残胃癌发病距胃大部切除术平均时间为15年。34例行手术治疗,其中24例行根治手术,10例行姑息性切除;未能切除的17例中,行姑息性胃空肠吻合6例,空肠造瘘4例,活检术2例,未手术5例。结果围手术期无死亡病例,根治性切除和姑息性切除的中位生存期分别为32.7个月和13.2个月。未行手术切除的17例GSC患者,于发病后3～11个月内死亡。51例GSC患者中,原溃疡位于胃部者占23.1%(40/173),十二指肠球部占3.8%(11/289),两者有显著差异(P<0.05);采用BillrothⅡ式和BillrothI式胃大部切除术患者的术后GSC发生率分别为12.8%(41/321)和7.1%(10/145),两者比较有显著差异(P<0.05)。结论外科手术在GSC的治疗中具有积极的意义。GSC多发生于BillrothⅡ式胃大部切除术后且原发溃疡位于胃部的患者,术后10年以上者发生癌变的危险性较大。     

D 2.5胃癌根治术

D 2.5胃癌根治术适应证为已经有第二站淋巴结转移的胃癌。本文结合文献及作者经验介绍其手术操作步骤、注意要点,并对其疗效加以评价。     

根治性胰头十二指肠切除术在胃下部癌中的应用

报告12例胃下部癌行根治性胰头十二指肠切除术(RPD),取得了满意的临床效果。认为胃下部癌侵及胰头和(或)十二指肠者为绝对适应证。而N3( )者为相对适应证,第16组淋巴结转移者应放弃RPD。淋巴结的清除范围达D_3即可。适应证的选择应从严掌握,须结合病人的年龄、一般状况、重要脏器功能及经济条件等因素综合考虑。对胃癌侵及胰腺和淋巴结转移的判定应慎重,必要时需行冰冻活检。并对该手术的有关问题进行讨论。