Artificial intelligence in cardiovascular CT: Current status and future implications

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the use of computational techniques to mimic human thought processes and learning capacity. The past decade has seen a rapid proliferation of AI developments for cardiovascular computed tomography (CT). These algorithms aim to increase efficiency, objectivity, and performance in clinical tasks such as image quality improvement, structure segmentation, quantitative measurements, and outcome prediction. By doing so, AI has the potential to streamline clinical workflow, increase interpretative speed and accuracy, and inform subsequent clinical pathways. This review covers state-of-the-art AI techniques in cardiovascular CT and the future role of AI as a clinical support tool.     

Present and future of FDG-PET/CT in ovarian cancer

Integrated FDG-PET/CT has been used successfully for the diagnosis, staging, restaging, therapy monitoring and prognostic prediction of ovarian cancer as well as various other malignant tumors. Compared with conventional PET/non-contrast CT images, combined PET/contrast-enhanced CT images with intravenous iodine contrast medium and sufficient radiation dose may contribute to a more accurate diagnosis with higher confidence. In the future, tracers other than FDG and integrated PET/MRI will be realized. We herein review the place and role of FDG-PET/CT in the management of ovarian cancer, discussing its usefulness and limitations in the imaging of these patients.     

元素研究在辐射防护领域中的应用和现状

从讨论辐射剂量估算所用生物动力学模型参数的资料来源开始,综述元素研究在辐射防护中的主要应用,即元素研究对确定放射性核素生物动力学模型和环境转移模型参数的意义。以文献实例介绍了获得某些重要参数的方法,并讨论了元素研究在辐射防护领域应用的现状。     

Present and future of PET and PET/CT in gynaecologic malignancies

Objectives

To review the published data in literature on patients affected by gynaecological malignancies to establish the role of ¹⁸F-FDG positron emission tomography (PET) and PET/CT in comparison to conventional imaging (CI).

Materials and methods

All papers specifically addressed to the role of ¹⁸F-FDG PET and PET/CT in gynaecological malignancies published on PubMed/Medline, in abstracts from the principal international congresses, in the guidelines from national Societies that had appeared in literature until November 2009 were considered for the purpose of the present study.

Results and conclusions

The use of ¹⁸F-FDG PET, and even more of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, is increasing in the follow up of patients with gynaecologic malignancies and suspected recurrent disease: there is evidence in the literature that ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT has a higher sensitivity than CI in depicting occult metastatic spread. An interesting issue is represented by patients with ovarian cancer with an increase of the specific biomarker, CA-125, and negative/inconclusive findings at CI. The use of ¹⁸F-FDG PET in differential diagnosis and staging is more controversial, but there is some evidence that a baseline PET examination performed before commencing therapy, for staging purpose, is also useful to evaluate the response to chemoradiation treatment. In several papers it has been suggested a relevant role of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in evaluating the entity of response to treatment and therefore to plan the subsequent therapeutic strategy.     

慢性放射病现状

从慢性放射病的发病情况、发病剂量、临床表现及诊断四个方面介绍了慢性放射病研究的现状。     

辐射生物剂量计的临床应用与研究现状

简述了现行的辐射生物剂量计在临床应用中的优点和局限性,以及目前的研究进展.对近年来较受关注的可能成为生物剂量计的新指标和技术方法作一简介,并对其可行性和潜在应用价值进行了探讨.     

CT diagnosis of strangulation in patients with small-bowel obstruction: current status and future direction

The pathophysiology of strangulating small bowel obstruction and the limitations of known CT criteria of strangulation are reviewed. The concept of coronal mapping of the course of the superior mesenteric vessels based on axial abdominal CT in order to aid the radiologic diagnosis of intestinal strangulation is introduced.     

北京地区介入放射诊疗资源与防护状况调查与分析

目的 调查北京地区介入放射诊疗资源分布和放射防护状况,规范介入放射诊疗行为并促进放射防护监管措施的落实。方法 以北京地区开展介入放射诊疗工作的各级各类医疗机构为调查对象,设计专门的调查表并成立市区两级调查组,逐级调查各区域截至2020年底介入放射工作基本情况和介入放射工作人员职业健康监护情况,依据国家有关法规标准对指标参数进行分析评估。结果 截至2020年底,北京地区开展介入放射工作的医疗机构93家,800 mA(含)以上数字减影血管造影机(DSA)236台;开展介入放射学手术135 593例,年介入手术量在1 000例以上的40家,10~1 000例的41家;介入放射工作人员3 539人,持有《放射工作人员证》者为99.0%,职业健康检查、个人剂量监测和放射防护培训通过率分别为96.9%、99.5%和95.8%;配置的工作人员防护用品3 532件,其中98.9%的机构配备了分体式铅衣或一体式铅衣,但6.5%的机构未配置铅防护眼镜、54.9%的机构未配置铅防护手套。结论 北京地区介入放射诊疗防护状况和防护管理总体较好,但应结合介入放射诊疗资源分布的现况进一步完善监管机制,强化人员的在岗期间职业健康检查、放射防护培训和防护用品的配置与使用。     

Electrostatic protection from cosmic radiation (the current status and prospects)

Conduction currents of the vacuum atmosphere near the spacecraft were measured in an electrostatic shielding and an electrostatic shielding module in electrostatic fields of about 10(7) Wt/m at a voltage of 3 X 10(5) V onboard Cosmos-605, 690, 732 and 936. The resultant conduction currents (less than or equal to 10(-9) A/m2) give evidence that the vacuum environment has high electroinsulation properties which contradicts the concepts derived from ground-based studies. Using up-to-date high-voltage devices, it appears possible to develop an efficient electrostatic shielding which will be of a low weight and a low power consumption.     

Patient irradiation in the radiodiagnostic use of ionizing radiation. Present status and prevention

Tabelar presentation of measurement results for adult patients irradiation by thermoluminescent dosimeters is given for classic and standard computed-tomographic radiodiagnostic procedure. Measurements have included not only somatic organs irradiation, but critical organs (sternum, gonads and eye lens) thyroid gland and uterus, as well. They have always been undertaken under the same conditions by modern multipulse X-ray apparatus with electronic X-ray image amplifier, iontomat and standard screens. Results have shown considerable exposition and overdosage in relation to annual standard limits so that risk in this branch of diagnostics has exceeded limits of acceptable tolerance. Failures in practice, necessary medical and technical protective measures as well as positive regulations in the law of ionizing irradiation protection have been pointed out.     

Present and future role of FDG-PET/CT imaging in the management of gynecologic malignancies

Integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) is a useful technique for acquiring both glucose metabolic and anatomic imaging data using a single device in a single diagnostic session, and has opened up a new field of clinical oncologic imaging. FDG-PET/CT has been used successfully for the staging, treatment optimization, re-staging, therapy monitoring, and prognostication of uterine and ovarian cancers as well as various malignant tumors. The present review discusses the current role of FDG-PET/CT in the management of gynecologic malignancies, focusing on its usefulness and limitations for imaging such patients.