消旋卡多曲治疗婴幼儿秋季腹泻40例疗效观察

目的观察消旋卡多曲治疗婴幼儿秋季腹泻的疗效。方法将80例秋季腹泻患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各40例,两组均给予补液,补充电解质,维持酸碱平衡,给予黏膜保护剂及微生态制剂等常规治疗。观察组在此基础上加用消旋卡多曲颗粒15g/kg,每日3次口服,治疗3～5d。观察患儿大便、体温及脱水情况。结果观察组总有效率90%,对照组总有效率60%,两组总有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论消旋卡多曲颗粒治疗婴幼儿秋季腹泻疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

消旋卡多曲颗粒治疗婴幼儿腹泻

目的 观察消旋卡多曲颗粒治疗婴幼儿腹泻的疗效。方法 将婴幼儿腹泻120例随机分为对照组和治疗组各60例。治疗组予消旋卡多曲颗粒口服，1～9个月予10mr／次，3次／d；9～24个月予20mg／次，3次／d。对照组予双八面体蒙脱石口服。疗程均7d，二组均予综合治疗。结果 治疗后大便次数、腹泻控制时间、腹泻总病程治疗组较对照组明显缩短（Pa〈0．01），总有效率治疗组高于对照组（χ^2=14．58P〈0．01）。结论 消旋卡多曲颗粒治疗婴幼儿腹泻可较快缓解病情，缩短病程。     

消旋卡多曲颗粒治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎43例

目的观察消旋卡多曲颗粒治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒(RV)肠炎的疗效和安全性。方法RV肠炎65例。分为治疗组43例,对照组22例。治疗组先口服消旋卡多曲颗粒0.5 h后,再口服蒙脱石散和妈咪爱;对照组仅口服蒙脱石散和妈咪爱。二组均于空腹状态喂服药物,追踪观察治疗后排便次数、性状和症状变化。结果治疗组服用消旋卡多曲颗粒症状大便次数恢复时间为(3.57±1.12)d,大便性状改变(3.48±0.85)d,治疗组72 h总有效率为90.69%,与对照组比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论消旋卡多曲颗粒治疗婴幼儿轮状病毒肠炎能较快减少腹泻次数,改变大便性状,缩短腹泻病程。     

消旋卡多曲治疗婴幼儿急性水样腹泻临床观察

目的观察消旋卡多曲治疗婴幼儿急性水样腹泻的疗效及安全性。方法筛选154例急性水样腹泻婴幼儿,随机分成3组,①组给予消旋卡多曲颗粒治疗;②组给予必奇+金双歧治疗;③组给予乐度+必奇+金双歧治疗。结果用药前后大便次数及大便性状的评分三组间无显著性差异(P>0.05),临床改善率、综合疗效率及不良反应发生率亦无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论消旋卡多曲是一有效、安全的治疗婴幼儿急性水样腹泻药物。     

消旋卡多曲颗粒、山莨菪碱对轮状病毒肠炎疗效观察

目的 观察消旋卡多曲颗粒、山茛菪碱治疗轮状病毒肠炎的疗效.方法 应用ELISA方法诊断急性轮状病毒肠炎163例,随机分为A组(59例)、B组(47例)、C组(57例),分别给予常规治疗.B组在常规治疗基础上加予山莨菪碱与思密达保留灌肠,C组在常规治疗基础上予消旋卡多曲颗粒口服.结果 A组、B组、C组有效率分别为49.2%、85.1%、89.5%.B组与A组差异显著(χ2=14.88,P<0.05).C组与A组差异非常显著(χ2=22.02,P<0.01),C组与B组差异无显著(χ2=0.45,P>0.05).但C组治愈和显效例数(37/57)明显高于B组(15/47),差异有显著性(χ2=11.12,P<0.05).结论 消旋卡多曲颗粒治疗轮状病毒肠炎疗效显著,值得临床推广.山莨菪碱与思密达保留灌肠也不失为一种好的治疗轮状病毒肠炎的方法.     

蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗婴幼儿秋季腹泻60例疗效观察

目的观察蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗婴幼儿秋季腹泻的疗效。方法将120例秋季腹泻患儿随机分为观察组和对照组各60例,两组均给予补液、补充电解质、维持酸碱平衡等对症处理。观察组在此基础上加用蒲地蓝消炎口服液,6个月至1岁每次5mL,每日2次;～2岁每次5mL,每日3次。治疗5～7d,观察患儿大便、体温及脱水情况。结果观察组总有效率91.67%(55/60),对照组总有效率75.00%(45/60),两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论蒲地蓝消炎口服液治疗婴幼儿秋季腹泻疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

贝飞达和干扰素联合治疗婴幼儿腹泻

目的观察干扰素和贝飞达联合治疗婴幼儿腹泻的疗效方法将婴幼儿腹泻120例随机分为观察组和对照组各60例 观察组予干扰素100万U/d,肌注1次/d,连用3d;贝飞达胶囊:6个月服1/3粒,6个月-1岁1/2粒,1-2岁2/3粒,2次/d,餐后0.5 h凉开水送服,7d为1疗程 对照组予利巴韦林10-15mg/(kg·d)加5％葡萄糖液中静脉滴注,1次/d,连用7d两组均予综合治疗 结果 治疗后日大便次数、腹泻控制时间,腹泻总痛程观察组较对照组明显缩短(u= 3.91-12.02 P均<0.01),有效率观察组高于对照组(X2 14.58P<0.001)结论干扰素和贝飞达联用治疗婴幼儿腹泻可较快缓解病情,缩短病程     

腹泻灸敷脐治疗婴幼儿非感染性腹泻32例

目的观察腹泻灸敷脐治疗婴幼儿非感染性腹泻的疗效。方法将62例患儿随机分为两组，治疗组32例，对照组30例。对照组采用常规治疗，治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上加用腹泻灸贴敷神阙穴，观察两组疗效。结果治疗组总有效率为96.88％，对照组总有效率为70％，两组比较，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论腹泻灸敷脐治疗婴幼儿非感染性腹泻，安全、疗效好、使用方便，值得临床推广应用。     

肝素钙雾化吸入辅助治疗婴幼儿哮喘并支气管肺炎56例

目的探索肝素钙雾化吸入辅助治疗婴幼儿哮喘并发支气管肺炎的疗效。方法将108例随机分为治疗组与对照组,治疗组56例在常规治疗基础上加用肝素钙雾化吸入,100 U/(kg·次),2次/d,连用3-7 d为1个疗程。对照组52例采用常规治疗。对两组的有效率、治疗后表现改善情况进行比较。结果治疗组总有效率95.5%,对照组总有效率61.5%,两者比较差异有显著性(P<0.01)。治疗组临床表现消失时间及总病程均短于对照组(P<0.01),治疗组并发症纠正时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗过程中无不良反应。结论肝素钙雾化吸入辅助治疗婴幼儿哮喘并发支气管肺炎,疗效可靠。     

保留灌肠佐治小儿慢性腹泻56例疗效观察

目的观察保留灌肠佐治小儿慢性腹泻的临床疗效。方法将56例小儿慢性腹泻患儿随机分为观察组32例和对照组24例。对照组采用综合方法治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用蒙脱石散及盐酸小檗碱片(或制霉素片)混合液保留灌肠,疗程5d,观察两组治疗效果。结果观察组总有效率93.7%(30/32)明显优于对照组70.8%(17/24),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在综合治疗基础上加用保留灌肠治疗小儿慢性腹泻,疗效显著。     

Lorraine childhood cancer registry: incidence, survival 1983-1999]

BACKGROUND: Cancer in childhood account for less than 1% of all cancers and for the second most important cause of death for children aged less than 15 years in France, injuries being the leading cause. Compared to adult cancers, childhood cancers' particularities justify to create pediatric registries. The first French population-based registry was created in Lorraine in 1983. The incidence and survival results from a 17 year-period are presented. METHODS: In Lorraine region, all children (0-14 years) with cancer diagnosed between 1983 and 1999 were included. Crude, age-standardized (world population) and cumulative incidence rates were calculated just as overall, specific-disease and event-free survival rates, using Kaplan-Meier methods. RESULTS: With 1086 registered cases, the crude incidence rate per million children is 132.4, the age-standardized incidence rate per million is 137.5; 1 out of every 500 children will develop cancer before the age of 15 years. The incidence of all cancers combined is slightly higher in males than in females with a M/F ratio of 1.13. For this 17 years-period, no trend in childhood cancer incidence is observed. The main cancer groups are leukemia (30.7%), brain and spinal tumors (23.2%) and lymphomas (12.9%), sympathetic nervous system tumors (7.4%), soft-tissue sarcomas (6.1%), renal tumors (5.2%), and bone tumors (5.0%). Five-year specific survival rates for all cancers combined is 71.4% [95% CI: 68.5-74.3]. The prognosis is significatively worse for the<1 year age group (55%) and for some histologic types: brain stem gliomas (27%), hepatic tumors (43%), osteosarcomas (57%), neuroblastomas (65%), rhabdomyosarcomas (55%). DISCUSSION: Relative distribution of histologic groups, incidence and survival rates observed in Lorraine registry are compatible with the general pattern in the European Union cancer registries. The lack of significative trend in incidence unlike others country may be explained by too small numbers. CONCLUSION: The acquired experience in developping this regional registry allowed us to create a national registry of childhood solid tumors and contribute to valid national data.     

Tc]-99m thyroid scintigraphy in congenital hypothyroidism screening program

The aetiology of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) may be important in determining disease severity, outcome and treatment schedules because athyroid patients need higher treatment doses and close monitoring particularly early in life. The aim of this study was to evaluate thyroid scintigraphy (TS) findings in infants with CH and to determine the relationship of serum TSH and T4 values with thyroid agenesia, in an attempt to identify factors that may detect thyroid agenesia before treatment. Since August 2002 to April 2005, screening program for CH was carried out in the Isfahan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, Isfahan, Iran. Screening was performed by measuring both the serums T4 and TSH concentration at day 3-7 of birth. Full-term newborns were recalled based on a serum TSH >20 mIU/l or serum T4 < 6.5 microg/dl and premature newborns based on T4 level by weight and TSH level by age. After repeating the laboratory test and clinical evaluation, Tc-99m TS was recommended for all infants with suspected CH before thyroxin replacement therapy. On the basis of Tc-99m TS, the thyroid gland was classified as normal scan, ectopic, goiter and athyrosis. TS results were compared with serum T4 and TSH levels. Of 93 381 newborns screened over a period of nearly 3 years, 262 neonates were found to have CH. The overall incidence of CH was 1 : 357 live births with a female/male ratio (F/M) of 1.4/1. Thyroid scan was performed on 116 (54%) of the infants with CH; of them, 33 cases (28.4%) were athyrotic (F/M = 0.8/1) while seven infants (6%) had ectopic thyroid (F/M = 1.3/1) and 76 cases (65.6%) had a normal thyroid scan (F/M = 1.5/1). Infants with the absence of thyroid in TS had significantly higher TSH value in comparison with those with ectopic or normal TS (116.3 +/- 109.64 vs. 108.10 +/- 62.92 or 55.35 +/- 48.26 mIU/l, respectively, P < 0.0001). Although not statistically different, the mean T4 level was higher in normal TS group than in ectopic and athyrotic groups (8.03 +/- 3.48 vs. 6.36 +/- 5.57 or 5.04 +/- 3 microg/dl, respectively, P = 0.09). We conclude that Tc-99m TS is a useful diagnostic tool for the initial investigation of suspected CH and considering the correlation of TS results with blood TSH levels, proper management and close monitoring of hypothyroid infants with severe hormonal alterations is necessary for the detection of thyroid agenesia.     

Ektopic ureter - a not considered cause of persisting enuresis in girls]

BACKGROUND: Ectopic ureter - especially in a duplicated collecting renal system - is a specific cause of incontinence in young girls. Although the symptom of continuous dribbling of urine is characteristic for this malformation, diagnosis is often delayed, as the possibility of ectopic ureters is not considered in treating girls with delayed toilet training.CASE REPORT: We present the case of a young girl with a variety of unnecessary invasive diagnostic and therapeutic procedures due to a misunderstood "enuresis", before incontinence was cured by upper pole heminephrectomy.CONCLUSIONS: Girls, who never have been dry and who loose urine all the time do have an ectopic ureter, unless evidence to the contrary has been put forward. Only considering the possibility of ectopic ureters will avoid unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in these girls.