胃癌淋巴管E钙黏蛋白、β连环素的表达与癌转移的关系

目的:探讨胃癌淋巴管E钙黏蛋白、β连环素的表达与癌转移的相关性。方法:胃癌标本32例,正常胃组织标本2例。通过免疫组织化学方法,用淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体-1(LYVE-1)标记定位,观察胃癌淋巴管E钙黏蛋白和β连环素的表达。结果:LYVE-1在淋巴管阳性表达,正常组织淋巴管E钙黏蛋白、β连环素表达阴性。胃癌组织淋巴管的E钙黏蛋白表达阴性。β连环素在淋巴管的表达,低分化组表达率为56.5%,与高分化癌淋巴管的表达率(43.3%)有明显差异;有淋巴结转移组表达率58.5%,和无转移癌表达率(43.3%)也有明显差异。结论:E钙黏蛋白/β连环素复合物在介导肿瘤细胞进入淋巴管中起一定的作用,β连环素弱阳性表达与癌的转移有正相关性。     

肺癌组织及淋巴管E-cadherin、β-catenin和LYVE-1的表达

目的观察肺癌组织E-cadherin和β-catenin的表达,LYVE-1特异性标记淋巴管;探讨钙黏蛋白及其受体在癌细胞淋巴道转移中的作用。方法取肺癌手术材料30例,通过免疫组化法,观察E-cadherin、β-catenin和LYVE-1在癌细胞及淋巴管的表达。结果癌细胞对E-cadherin、β-catenin呈阳性表达,低分化组、有淋巴结转移组E-cadherin表达减弱。淋巴管对LYVE-1阳性表达,E-cadherin阴性表达,β-catenin弱阳性表达。结论LYVE-1在淋巴管特异性表达;E-cadherin表达与肿瘤分化程度和有无淋巴结转移呈负相关;E-cadherin/β-catenin复合物对肿瘤细胞与淋巴管内皮细胞的黏附不起主要作用。     

人胃癌组织淋巴管的超微结构及其与淋巴转移的关系

目的研究人胃癌组织淋巴管的超微结构特点,探讨胃癌淋巴转移机制。方法取人胃癌中心区、周边区及正常区组织块,常规固定,树脂包埋,半薄切片,光镜下定位,检出淋巴管经超薄切片,透射电镜观察。结果人胃癌中心区未见淋巴管;胃癌周边区较正常区淋巴管增多(t=3.270,P=0.002),管腔较小(t=-5.315,P=0.000),开放连接增多(χ2=12.895,P=0.000),淋巴管破坏增多(χ2=15.674,P=0.000);淋巴转移组胃癌周边区比无淋巴转移组胃癌周边区淋巴管多(t=2.523,P=0.021),被破坏的淋巴管多(χ2=5.281,P=0.022),开放连接/非开放连接数差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.217,P=0.641)。结论人胃癌周边区存在淋巴管新生;胃癌细胞可能是通过胃癌周边区被破坏的淋巴管进行转移的。     

胃癌癌周淋巴管的结构

本文应用光、电镜方法研究胃癌癌周淋巴管的结构特点,结果发现癌周淋巴管的内皮细胞间的开放连接增加;重叠连接、插入连接可转变为开放连接．癌细胞浸润毛细淋巴管壁,并进入淋巴管腔,在癌细胞侵润区,淋巴管内皮细胞明显变性、溶解、破损。     

VEGF-C表达和微淋巴管密度与胃癌淋巴转移的关系及意义

目的探讨胃癌组织血管内皮生长因子C(VEGF-C)表达和微淋巴管密度(MLVD)及两者与胃癌淋巴转移的关系。方法应用免疫组织化学方法检测208例人胃癌组织、40例癌浸润前缘组织及139例人胃正常粘膜组织中VEGF-C、D2-40的表达,对D2-40阳性脉管进行MLVD计数,并结合病理资料进行统计学分析。结果胃癌组织VEGF-C的表达明显高于正常胃粘膜组织(χ2=109.199,P<0.01);胃癌组织中有淋巴结转移(χ2=14.496,P<0.01)或浸润透浆膜(χ2=11.586,P<0.01)组VEGF-C表达水平分别较无转移或浸润未及浆膜组增高。癌浸润前缘组织中MLVD(18.36±15.60个/mm2)明显高于胃癌组(9.41±9.32个/mm2,t=-3.681,P<0.01)和胃正常粘膜组织(7.70±7.69个/mm2,t=-4.180,P<0.01);胃癌淋巴结转移组MLVD(9.81±9.97个/mm2)高于无转移组(6.41±7.85个/mm2,t=2.516,P<0.01),而在浸润透浆膜组(11.20±10.55个/mm2)和未及浆膜组(8.54±9.36个/mm2)MLVD无差别(t=1.467,P=0.472)。另外,在胃癌组织中VEGF-C表达与MLVD呈正相关(F=2.910,P<0.05)。结论VEGF-C在胃癌中的高表达与胃癌浸润深度、淋巴转移密切相关。     

人胃癌淋巴管密度和面积及其与淋巴结转移的关系

目的研究人胃癌淋巴管的密度和面积及其与淋巴结转移的关系。方法采用D2-40淋巴管内皮标记性抗体免疫组织化学染色方法,检测70例人胃癌中心区、癌旁区、正常区内的淋巴管,分析淋巴管的形态学特征与淋巴结转移及其他临床病理因素之间的关系。结果人胃癌癌旁区淋巴管密度高于正常区,平均面积、平均周径及总面积小于正常区,差异均有统计学意义。淋巴结转移组人胃癌癌旁区淋巴管密度及平均面积、平均周径均高于无淋巴结转移组。结论人胃癌淋巴管新生存在于胃癌癌旁区,新生淋巴管管腔小,不足以形成良好的淋巴回流;人胃癌癌旁区淋巴管密度、平均面积与淋巴结转移有关,有望成为预测淋巴结转移及决定手术方式的重要因素。     

胃癌组织中微淋巴管密度与侵袭转移的关系

目的:探讨胃癌微淋巴管密度(LMVD)与侵袭转移的相关性。方法:应用免疫组化SP法检测胃癌组织和正常胃组织淋巴管内皮细胞透明质酸受体-1(LYVE-1)的表达,并计数LMVD,分析LMVD与侵袭转移的关系。结果:胃癌组织癌周区处于开放状态的功能性微淋巴管明显增多。胃癌组织LMVD较正常胃组织LMVD增多,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。有淋巴结转移胃癌中LMVD明显多于无淋巴结转移者,直径≥5cm胃癌LMVD明显多于直径5cm者,侵及浆膜胃癌组织LMVD明显多于未侵及浆膜者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:胃癌组织LMVD与肿瘤大小、浸润深度和淋巴转移有密切关系,可以作为肿瘤诱导生成淋巴管研究的量化指标,有助于胃癌的预后判断及治疗方案的评价。     

JAM-1、E-cadherin及β-catenin在大鼠胃癌组织的表达

目的研究鼠胃癌组织粘附分子JAM-1,E-cadherin及β-catenin的表达情况,探讨胃癌的转移机制。方法诱发大鼠胃癌模型,用免疫组化及免疫印迹方法检测大鼠不同病理分期胃癌组织中JAM-1、Ecadherin及β-catenin的表达。结果 JAM-1表达水平随着胃癌的进展而下降,在癌细胞、血管和淋巴管表达的面密度随着胃癌的进展而下降。E-cadherin和β-catenin在胃癌细胞的阳性表达率随着胃癌的发生、进展而下降,E-cadherin表达于正常胃及胃癌组织的血管,β-catenin阳性表达于淋巴管而未见血管。结论 JAM-1,E-cadherin,β-catenin在胃癌组织表达水平随着胃癌的进展而下降,可能参与癌转移机制。     

LYVE-1蛋白在小鼠碱烧伤角膜的表达及意义

目的观察淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体(LYVE-1)在小鼠碱烧伤角膜内的表达情况,探讨角膜新生淋巴管形成的时间过程及角膜疾病后新生淋巴管形成的作用。方法应用NaOH溶液制作小鼠角膜碱烧伤模型,分别于角膜碱烧伤后第1d、3d、5d、7d和12d取材。采用免疫组化法,观察正常角膜和碱烧伤后不同时间段角膜内LYVE-1的表达情况。结果在正常角膜组织中,LYVE-1表达于角膜上皮细胞和内皮细胞内。在角膜碱烧伤后1d、3d和5d,LYVE-1主要表达于角膜上皮内及入侵角膜基质的炎性细胞内;碱烧伤后7d,可见大量LYVE-1呈条索样表达于角膜基质中,并可见少量LYVE-1阳性表达于开放状态的淋巴管;碱烧伤后12d,角膜基质内新生淋巴管数量增多。结论正常角膜组织储备LYVE-1生物因子,在炎性角膜中,LYVE-1可能在角膜新生淋巴管运输透明质酸(HA)的过程中发挥重要作用。     

乳腺癌淋巴管LYVE-1和PROX-1表达程度与肿瘤淋巴转移的关联性分析

目的观察乳腺浸润性导管癌患者肿瘤组织中乳腺癌淋巴管LYVE-1和PROX-1的表达程度与肿瘤淋巴转移的关联性。方法选择乳腺浸润性导管癌患者90例为实验组,以60例乳腺良性病变患者为对照组,检测实验组患者肿瘤组织LYVE-1和PROX-1的水平,与对照组患者组织的LYVE-1和PROX-1的水平进行比较;将实验组患者按转移、复发情况进行分类,观察LYVE-1和PROX-1表达与肿瘤淋巴转移的关系。结果实验组患者肿瘤组织的LYVE-1和PROX-1阳性淋巴管密度(LVD)明显高于对照组,实验组患者中有淋巴转移患者的LYVE-1和PROX-1阳性LVD明显高于无淋巴转移患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);LYVE-1和PROX-1阳性LVD之间无相关性;logistic回归分析,LYVE-1和PROX-1是肿瘤转移的相关因素,对LYVE-1、PROX-1与转移的关系绘制ROC曲线,AUC分别为0.716、0.672;按ROC曲线分析所得诊断临界值进行分组,随访观察一年,LYVE-1、PROX-1阳性LVD升高患者,淋巴转移率较高。结论乳腺浸润性导管癌患者肿瘤组织LYVE-1和PROX-1表达与淋巴管生成有关,表达程度高的患者更易发生淋巴转移。     

Expression and quantification of LYVE-1 in human colorectal cancer

Abstract The recent discovery of a new hyaluronan (HA) receptor, LYVE-1 (lymphatic vessel endothelial HA receptor), has been received with great interest regarding its specific expression in the lymphatic system. The process of lymphangiogenesis or the formation of new lymphatics in tumours is important because it serves as a major route for cancer metastasis. Therefore, methods to quantify lymphangiogenesis by measuring LYVE-1 have been studied extensively in searching for its possible role in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and even targeted treatment of lymphatic tumour metastasis. Here we report a quantitation study on lymphangiogenesis by either quantitative PCR or immunohistochemistry approaches in detecting LYVE-1 expression in human colorectal tumour. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTQ-PCR) was carried out to quantify LYVE-1 levels in colorectal cancer samples. Also, the same specimen was observed for LYVE-1 expression by immunohistochemical stain. By RTQ-PCR amplification, LYVE-1 was highly expressed in colorectal specimens and LYVE-1 signal from non-cancer tissue of normal control was much weaker by conventional RTPCR. Immunohistochemical stain showed that LYVE-1 was significantly expressed in cancer tissues (especially in the margin region of cancer), whereas in non-cancer specimens fewer positive stains were revealed. The results suggested that the LYVE-1 molecule was expressed significantly in colorectal specimens, which may imply a new marker for a malignant situation. * These authors share first authorship.     

Immunohistochemical detection of human small lymphatic vessels under normal and pathological conditions using the LYVE-1 antibody

The spread of tumor cells via lymphatic vessels to the lymph nodes is an important indicator of malignancy. However, previous markers used to identify lymphatic endothelium gave ambiguous results in immunohistochemical analyses with paraffin-embedded tissues. In this study, we attempted to prepare a polyclonal antibody against human lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) for detecting lymphatic vessels using immunohistochemistry. The antibody was raised against a region near the transmembrane anchor of LYVE-1 in New Zealand white rabbits. Immunostainings with anti-LYVE-1 and von Willebrand factor antibodies were performed in various normal and pathological tissues. LYVE-1 expression was confined to the endothelial surface of lymphatic vessels but was not found in the endothelium of blood vessels, which were positive for von Willebrand factor. Our LYVE-1 polyclonal antibody was useful for the identification of small lymphatic vessels in normal human tissues. In addition, the immunostaining enabled us to distinguish lymphatic invasion by malignant tumor cells from blood vessel invasion using paraffin-embedded sections. In conclusion, our polyclonal antibody against the transmembrane anchor of the peptide can be used to detect human lymphatic vessels under various conditions.     

乳腺癌组织中LVD、VEGF-C和MMP-9表达及其相关性

目的 检测乳腺浸润性导管癌(invasive ductal carcinoma,IDC)组织中的淋巴管密度(lymphatic vessel density,LVD)、VEGF-C及MMP-9的表达,探讨其临床意义.方法 收集80例乳腺IDC和20例乳腺增生性病变,应用免疫组化PV-6000两步法检测淋巴管内皮透明质酸受体1(LYVE-1)、VEGF-C和MMP-9的表达.结果 乳腺癌组织中LYVE-1标记的LVD、VEGF-C和MMP-9的表达明显高于乳腺增生性病变,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01).LVD、VEGF-C与临床病理参数之间均无差异(P>0.05).MMP-9的表达水平在肿瘤直径>2 cm组和淋巴结转移阳性组明显升高(P<0.05和P<0.01);而在组织学分级之间表达的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).LVD与VEGF-C的表达呈正相关关系(r=0.398,P<0.01);LVD和MMP-9之间无相关关系(P>0.05).结论 IDC中淋巴管生成增多,VEGF-C是乳腺癌中淋巴管生成的重要刺激因子,促进乳腺癌中淋巴管的生成;但乳腺癌淋巴管密度与淋巴道转移无关.MMP-9参与肿瘤的侵袭和转移的过程,促进乳腺癌淋巴道转移.     

人胰腺癌淋巴管的分布及形态观察

目的观察人胰腺癌淋巴管的分布及形态结构,探讨胰腺癌淋巴道转移机制。方法取手术后人胰腺癌标本21例,应用免疫组化染色法LYVE-1标记淋巴管进行淋巴管计数,半薄切片光镜观察和超薄切片透射电镜观察胰腺癌组织淋巴管的形态及分布特点。结果胰腺癌组织中LYVE-1染色阳性的脉管具有淋巴管的形态学特征,可见癌周组织的微淋巴管数量较癌旁"正常区"有所增加(P<0.01);半薄切片光镜下可见癌周边区和"正常区"淋巴管存在,癌中心区未见有淋巴管;电镜下癌周边区淋巴管内皮细胞连接开放,部分内皮细胞破裂溶解,管壁不完整。淋巴管内皮细胞的线粒体、高尔基体等细胞器改变。结论胰腺癌组织淋巴管主要位于癌周围浸润区的纤维结缔组织中,且淋巴管数量较癌旁"正常区"增多,淋巴管内皮超微结构改变。胰腺癌淋巴管转移可能通过增多的淋巴管的内皮连接开放和对内皮细胞的破坏溶解作用进入淋巴管管壁。     

Expression of the hyaluronan receptor LYVE-1 is not restricted to the lymphatic vasculature; LYVE-1 is also expressed on embryonic blood vessels

Expression of the hyaluronan receptor LYVE-1 is one of few available criteria used to discriminate lymphatic vessels from blood vessels. Until now, endothelial LYVE-1 expression was reported to be restricted to lymphatic vessels and to lymph node, liver, and spleen sinuses. Here, we provide the first evidence that LYVE-1 is expressed on blood vessels of the yolk sac during mouse embryogenesis. LYVE-1 is ubiquitously expressed in the yolk sac capillary plexus at E9.5, then becomes progressively down-regulated on arterial endothelium during vascular remodelling. LYVE-1 is also expressed on intra-embryonic arterial and venous endothelium at early embryonic stages and on endothelial cells of the lung and endocardium throughout embryogenesis. These findings have important implications for the use of LYVE-1 as a specific marker of the lymphatic vasculature during embryogenesis and neo-lymphangiogenesis. Our data are also the first demonstration, to our knowledge, that the mouse yolk sac is devoid of lymphatic vessels.     

Significance of lymphatic invasion on regional lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer using LYVE-1 immunohistochemical analysis

It has been reported that lymphatic invasion is a predictor for lymph node metastasis in early gastric cancer (EGC); however, it has been impossible to differentiate between lymphatic invasion and blood vessel invasion using current staining techniques. We studied the significance of lymphatic invasion on regional lymph node metastasis in EGC by using human lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor-1 (LYVE-1) antibody, specific to lymphatic vessels, and von Willebrand factor (vWF) antibody, specific to the blood vessels, to clearly distinguish these vascular tissues.EGC tissues were obtained from 66 node-positive and 66 node-negative subjects and were matched by age and sex. These tissues were immunostained with antibodies against LYVE-1 and vWF. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that lymphatic invasion was a significant independent predictor for regional lymph node metastasis (odds ratio, 4.667; P = .0094), whereas blood vessel invasion was not. Thus, lymphatic invasion identified by LYVE-1 antibody could predict the existence of regional lymph node metastasis in EGC.     

胃癌中E-cadherin、MMP-2的表达及侵袭转移机制

目的 通过检测E-cadherin和MMP-2蛋白在胃癌中的表达,探讨它们在肿瘤转移和侵袭过程中的作用.方法 取胃癌组织50例,正常胃黏膜10例;应用SP法免疫组化检测E-cadherin、MMP-2蛋白的表达.结果 (1)胃癌组织中E-cadherin蛋白的阳性表达率为46%(23/50),明显低于正常黏膜100%(10/10,P<0.001).转移组阳性表达率为35.29%(12/34)明显低于非转移组68.75%(11/16),差异有显著性(P<0.05).与临床分期、浸润分级的关系显示,Ⅲ-Ⅳ期和T3-T4级癌组织中E-cadherin蛋白表达分别明显低于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期和T1-T2级(P<0.05).E-cadherin表达还与组织学分级相关:胃癌分化程度低则阳性表达率也低;分化程度高则阳性表达率也高,差异有显著性(P<0.05).(2)MMP-2在胃癌组织中阳性表达率为74%(37/50),而正常胃黏膜上皮细胞中几乎无棕染颗粒,其差异有显著性(P<0.05).转移组MMP-2阳性表达率(82.35%)明显高于非转移组(56.25%,P<0.05).MMP-2的表达与组织学分级明显相关:随着胃癌分化程度降低,MMP-2阳性表达率升高(P<0.05);Ⅲ-Ⅳ期胃癌表达明显高于Ⅰ-Ⅱ期(P<0.05);T3-T4级MMP-2阳性表达率高于T1-T2级(P<0.001).(3)MMP-2与E-cadherin表达之间呈高度负相关(相关系数r=-0.368,P<0.009).结论 MMP-2在胃癌中均呈高表达,而E-cadherin则反之.E-cadherin蛋白表达减弱与胃癌侵袭转移潜能相关,可作为胃癌侵袭转移的生物学标志之一.