应用局部一致性研究静息态脑功能磁共振成像的性别差异

目的:应用局部一致性的数据分析方法,将fMRI应用于正常人静息态的研究,从局部一致性的角度探讨静息态的性别差异。方法:将21例健康志愿者分为男性组、女性组,采集静息态下的fMRI数据,应用局部一致性方法个体激活图及组激活图;对数据行双样本t检验。结果:男性组较女性组差异有统计意义的激活区为右侧枕叶舌回(BA18)、左侧小脑、右侧枕叶(BA19)、右侧颞下回(BA20)、右侧颞上回(BA22)、左侧顶下小叶(BA22)、右侧楔前叶(BA7)、左侧后扣带回(BA31)、左侧额上回后外侧(BA9)、右侧额中回后部(BA6)、左侧缘上回(BA40)、右侧前扣带回(BA24);激活范围最大区域和激活强度最强均为右侧枕叶舌回(BA18)。女性组较男性组差异有统计意义的激活区为右侧颞下回(BA20)、左侧颞下回(BA20)、桥脑、左侧小脑、左侧颞极区(BA38)、右侧额极区(BA10)、左侧海马旁回(BA34)、左侧中央后回(BA3);激活范围最大区域为右侧额极区(BA10);激活强度最强为桥脑。结论:正常人静息态下的局部一致性存在性别差异。     

汉字语义加工性别差异的脑功能磁共振成像研究

目的:用功能磁共振成像的方法研究汉字语义加工的脑功能区定位,着重讨论男性和女性语义加工时是否存在性别差异。方法:15例右利手大学生,男7例,女8例,执行汉字同义词判断任务,同时采集其脑部的fMRI数据,采用SPM99进行数据分析,得到相关脑功能区,并对男性和女性语义任务时的脑激活区进行比较。结果:男性激活的脑区包括双侧额下回、左额中回、左颞上回及双侧小脑。女性激活的脑区包括双侧额下回、左额中回、双侧颞上回及双侧小脑。两者脑活动区直接比较,在进行语义任务的时候男性仅激活左侧颞上回,而女性可激活两侧颞上回。结论:男性和女性在进行汉字语义加工任务的时候,两者激活的脑区不完全相同,女性激活的脑区比男性广泛。     

正常人情景记忆编码和提取加工的fMRI研究

目的:研究正常人汉字情景记忆编码和提取加工时大脑皮层的激活情况。方法:利用血氧水平依赖性功能磁共振成像技术(blood oxygenlevel dependent functional MRI,BOLD-fMRI),采用组块设计和事件相关的刺激模式,检测20例正常青年人执行汉字情景记忆编码和提取任务时大脑皮层的激活脑区。结果:情景记忆编码加工的激活脑区主要有左侧前额叶背外侧(BA10)、右侧海马旁回、右侧颞叶梭状回(BA20)、两侧前运动区(BA6)、辅助运动区(BA8)、两侧枕叶(BA19)、右侧顶叶(BA7)和两侧小脑半球,提取加工的激活脑区主要有右侧前额叶背外侧(BA10,BA46/47)、左侧额中回(BA10)、左侧额下回(BA47)、辅助运动区(BA8)、两侧基底节区、左侧颞顶交界处、两侧枕叶(BA18/19)、两侧顶叶(BA40)和两侧小脑半球。结论:情景记忆的编码和提取加工尽管存在部分共同的激活脑区,但两者相应的神经机制有所差异。     

图片命名任务在额颞叶激活区的fMRI研究

目的 通过功能磁共振成像(fMRI)分析图片命名(PN)任务在额颞叶激活情况.方法 19例健康志愿者,其中男8例,女11例,平均年龄(29.5±11.3)岁.在3.0T GE M750 MR上对被试者进行PN任务状态下的血氧水平依赖(BOLD) fMRI,采用组块设计方案,利用SPM8软件进行预处理和统计参数分析.结果 额颞叶主要激活区有双侧颞上回(BA22)、颞中回(BA21)、左侧额下回(BA47)、左侧梭状回(BA37),其最大激活区为左侧梭状同(BA37),激活体素为1 165,激活强度为4.48,主要负激活区有左侧颞上回(BA22)、右侧额上回(BA10)、左侧额中回(BA10).结论 PN刺激方案能有效激活额颞叶相关语言功能区,量化激活强度,技术简单可行,便于临床应用.     

动词联想及图片命名任务激活大脑语言功能区的fMRI研究

目的:利用fMRI探讨语言任务中动词联想及图片命名任务对大脑语言区的激活模式并分析其临床应用可行性。方法:15例健康志愿者中男8例,女7例,平均年龄(35.7±13.6)岁,均为右利手。应用3T MR仪对每例受试者分别行右手对指运动、动词联想及图片命名任务的BOLD fMRI扫描,采用组块设计方案,利用SPM5软件的总体线性模型(GLM)进行分析并产生激活数据,组分析采用单样本t检验,激活阈值经校正检验,P<0.001(个体)及P<0.01(组分析),激活区坐标经Talairach转换并标定出相应Brodmann(BA)脑区。对每例受试者的两种语言任务分别计算两侧大脑半球激活范围,采用经修改的不包含视皮层激活区的计算公式进行语言优势半球偏侧指数(LI)计算。结果:动词联想任务主要激活双侧Broca′s区(BA45)、左前额叶背外侧脑区(BA46)、左Wernicke′s区(BA39)、梭状回(BA37)和辅助运动区(BA6),以左侧前额、颞叶语言相关脑区激活为主。图片命名任务主要激活视皮层(BA18)及左BA37、左顶叶(BA7)、基底节区、左背外侧前额叶(BA9)和双侧BA45,以枕、颞叶后部脑区为主。右手对指运动激活左额叶初级运动区(BA4)和BA6。两种语言任务LI计算,符合率为93.3%(14/15),其中左侧优势12例,右侧优势及双侧分布各1例。结论:动词联想主要激活大脑语义加工区,并反映语言区的偏侧优势。图片命名任务可与动词联想共同激活部分语言相关脑区,但对于分析语言偏侧优势有一定缺陷。两种任务的联合使用能够全面了解整体语言功能状况。运动激活作为语言激活信号标准化处理的一个内在评估指标使激活区统计更趋精确和客观。     

正常人数字n-back工作记忆神经基础的fMRI研究

目的 采用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)和数字2-back工作记忆(WM)任务,探讨WM的神经基础. 资料与方法 正常受试者35名,采用数字2-back任务行fMRI,0-back作为对照任务.采用SPM2软件进行功能数据预处理、统计分析和结果显示.统计分析中,采用SPM2基本模式(basic model)中的单样本t-检验进行组分析.记录受试者的执行表现(反应时间和准确率). 结果 (1)受试者数字0,2-back状态的执行准确率分别为99.05%、95.49%.(2)数字n-back任务中主要有6个脑区激活:双侧前额叶背外侧皮层(DLPFC)(BA9/46);双侧前额叶腹外侧皮层(VLPFC)(BA44/45/47);双侧运动前区外侧部(LPMA)(BA6/8);扣带背侧、辅助运动区(SMA)、运动前区内侧部(MPMA)(BA6/8/32);双侧前额叶皮层(PFC)嘴侧和额极(BA10);双侧顶叶皮层后部(PPC)(BA7/40),另外,双侧小脑、左侧基底节-丘脑区也出现激活. 结论 数字n-back WM任务的神经基础是 "皮层、皮层下区和小脑"构成的分布式脑区网络.     

蒙汉双语者的汉语词汇命名加工脑机制的功能磁共振成像

目的:利用功能磁共振成像技术探讨蒙汉双语者及单汉语志愿者在汉语词汇信息加工差异的脑机制。方法:采用汉语词汇命名任务,15例蒙汉双语健康志愿者(男8例,女7例)和15例汉语健康志愿者(男7例,女8例)进行fMRI研究。应用软件包AFNI分析其脑功能激活情况及差异。结果:熟练蒙汉双语者及单汉语志愿者在汉语信息加工过程中,均激活词汇信息加工的经典脑区,包括左侧颞上回后部、左侧顶下小叶、左侧额下回盖部、双侧辅助运动区等区域。在加工汉语词汇命名信息过程中蒙汉双语者双侧枕叶、双侧顶叶、扣带回后部、右侧颞上回和颞中回后部及左丘脑的激活显著比单汉语者增加。结论:蒙汉双语者的汉语加工特异脑区主要为右侧颞中回,功能磁共振成像研究能够为研究蒙汉双语者的脑加工神经机制提供影像学依据。     

脑肿瘤引起的运动性失语的功能磁共振研究

目的探讨脑肿瘤引起的运动性失语脑内代偿情况。方法左侧Broca区肿瘤患者患者共13例,根据位置特点分为两组:一组为左侧Broca区脑肿瘤,未侵犯左侧额中回或额叶背外侧区;另一组为左侧Broca区脑肿瘤,侵犯左侧额中回或额叶背外侧区;对照其脑内代偿脑区的异同。正常健康志愿者20人,均为右利手。检查者均完成图片命名任务。AFNI软件处理实验数据。统计分析采用SPSS 12.0分析软件。同一感兴奋区(ROI)比较采用两样本t检验。结果①左侧Broca区脑肿瘤,未侵犯左侧额中回或额叶背外侧区:5例。激活脑区如下:左侧Broca周边脑区:BA46区(5/5);BA10区(3/5)。右侧Broca区激活;双侧额中回及双侧额叶背外侧区激活;双侧颞上回激活;左侧顶上小叶激活;双侧小脑半球,枕叶,双侧梭状回,左侧角回激活。统计学有阳性意义的脑区包括:左侧Broca周边脑区(BA46区,BA10区)及右侧Broca区;②病灶位于左侧Broca区,并累及左额背外侧区或额中回的灰质,激活脑区如下:右侧Broca区无或少量激活,无统计学意义;肿瘤周边脑区:BA46,BA47,BA10区出现不同程度的代偿激活;右侧额中回及右侧额叶背外侧激活;双侧颞上回激活;左侧顶上小叶激活;双侧小脑半球,枕叶激活,统计学有阳性意义的脑区主要为左侧Broca周边脑区:BA46,BA47,BA10区等。结论脑肿瘤所致运动性失语,脑内代偿方式因位置不同而有差异。     

正常老年人视空间任务的fMRI研究

目的　探讨正常老年人进行fMRI实验的可行性及视空间任务的激活脑区。方法　对 11例正常老年志愿者进行视空间任务的fMRI实验 ,以SPM99作后处理显示激活脑区。结果　 11例被试的视空间任务均完成较好 ,激活区域主要集中在左侧顶内沟周围皮质、左前额叶的背外侧皮层和双侧枕叶 ,任务相关的特定区域为左侧顶上小叶。结论　老年人进行fMRI实验具有可行性 ,左侧顶上小叶为视空间信息加工的特异性脑区     

数字计算相关脑功能区定位的fMRI研究

目的 采用fMRI技术对数字计算相关的脑功能区进行定位,初步分析各脑功能区在数字计算中的作用。资料与方法 应用GE公司1．5T磁共振全身扫描仪对28名右利手志愿者进行TlWI和组块设计的数字默读、简单计算和复杂计算fMRI实验。采用SPM99软件进行数据分析和脑功能区定位。结果 数字默读实验脑激活区为左额下回后部、左角回、双侧额内回。简单计算和复杂计算均可见左侧前额皮层、双侧运动前区／中央前回、额下回后部、额内回、扣带回前部、颞下回后部、顶下小叶激活。右前额皮层激活仅见于复杂计算,复杂计算各脑区激活明显强于简单计算。结论 fMRI可对计算相关脑功能区进行定位。数字计算涉及多个脑功能区,各功能区可能在整体配合下完成任务,其中顶下小叶可能起核心作用。工作记忆在计算中也发挥重要作用。     

Enhancement pattern of the normal facial nerve at 3.0 T temporal MRI

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the enhancement pattern of the normal facial nerve at 3.0 T temporal MRI. We reviewed the medical records of 20 patients and evaluated 40 clinically normal facial nerves demonstrated by 3.0 T temporal MRI. The grade of enhancement of the facial nerve was visually scaled from 0 to 3. The patients comprised 11 men and 9 women, and the mean age was 39.7 years. The reasons for the MRI were sudden hearing loss (11 patients), Méniàre''s disease (6) and tinnitus (7). Temporal MR scans were obtained by fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion-weighted imaging of the brain; three-dimensional (3D) fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA) images of the temporal bone with a 0.77 mm thickness, and pre-contrast and contrast-enhanced 3D spoiled gradient record acquisition in the steady state (SPGR) of the temporal bone with a 1 mm thickness, were obtained with 3.0 T MR scanning. 40 nerves (100%) were visibly enhanced along at least one segment of the facial nerve. The enhanced segments included the geniculate ganglion (77.5%), tympanic segment (37.5%) and mastoid segment (100%). Even the facial nerve in the internal auditory canal (15%) and labyrinthine segments (5%) showed mild enhancement. The use of high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio (with 3 T MRI), thin-section contrast-enhanced 3D SPGR sequences showed enhancement of the normal facial nerve along the whole course of the nerve; however, only mild enhancement was observed in areas associated with acute neuritis, namely the canalicular and labyrinthine segment. Imaging of the facial nerve is useful for the evaluation of pathological conditions. MRI of the facial nerve is usually performed selectively in cases of peripheral facial nerve palsy in patients with an atypical presentation or delayed recovery to exclude space-occupying lesions. The gadolinium-diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) contrast pulse sequence is the most informative MRI procedure for evaluation of facial nerve pathology [1]. Although many studies involving MRI of normal and paralysed facial nerves have been performed [2–10], there are no reports on the enhancement pattern of normal and abnormal facial nerves with 3.0 T MR scanning. The 3.0 T MR scan provides a higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), which allows a higher imaging matrix, thinner slices and a shorter time for scanning [11].The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the enhancement pattern of normal facial nerves, bilaterally, with 3.0 T temporal MRI.     

正常成人面部表情情绪识别的脑功能磁共振初步研究

目的初步探讨正常成人面部表情识别的神经基础,为神经心理学研究提供实验依据。资料与方法利用1.5 TGE Signa HD磁共振成像系统检测24名(男、女各12名)健康自愿者识别喜悦、愤怒及悲伤三种表情所产生的脑血液动力学响应,采用SPM2软件对原始数据进行预处理及统计分析,获得脑功能区激活图。统计分析采用SPM2基本模型中的单样本t检验进行组分析。结果在最终纳入的22名被试者中,前额叶及边缘系统在不同表情加工整合过程中均有激活,而在不同的面部表情加工中又存在不同通路。识别喜悦表情时,主要通路为额叶-左侧杏仁核-左侧扣带回;识别愤怒表情时,主要通路为额叶-双侧杏仁核-双侧扣带回;识别悲伤表情时,主要通路为额叶-右侧杏仁核-双侧扣带回。表情识别神经基础的性别差异并不明显,只有在识别喜悦及悲伤两种表情时,女性的杏仁核激活强度及范围较男性大,另外,当男性识别喜悦及悲伤表情时,海马及海马旁回才明显激活。结论在正常人不同效价表情的识别加工过程中,各脑区功能上并不是相互独立的,而是由多个区域协同完成。其中前额叶、杏仁核、扣带回及基底节等是其加工中的重要结构。不同表情情绪的加工整合过程既有共同的神经基础,又有其独特的整合特点...     

Assessment of some problematic factors in facial image identification using a 2D/3D superimposition technique

The number of criminal cases requiring facial image identification of a suspect has been increasing because a surveillance camera is installed everywhere in the city and furthermore, the intercom with the recording function is installed in the home. In this study, we aimed to analyze the usefulness of a 2D/3D facial image superimposition system for image identification when facial aging, facial expression, and twins are under consideration. As a result, the mean values of the average distances calculated from the 16 anatomical landmarks between the 3D facial images of the 50s groups and the 2D facial images of the 20s, 30s, and 40s groups were 2.6, 2.3, and 2.2 mm, respectively (facial aging). The mean values of the average distances calculated from 12 anatomical landmarks between the 3D normal facial images and four emotional expressions were 4.9 (laughter), 2.9 (anger), 2.9 (sadness), and 3.6 mm (surprised), respectively (facial expressions). The average distance obtained from 11 anatomical landmarks between the same person in twins was 1.1 mm, while the average distance between different person in twins was 2.0 mm (twins). Facial image identification using the 2D/3D facial image superimposition system demonstrated adequate statistical power and identified an individual with high accuracy, suggesting its usefulness. However, computer technology concerning video image processing and superimpose progress, there is a need to keep familiar with the morphology and anatomy as its base.     

氨基胍对大鼠创伤性面瘫恢复及面神经核IL-6表达的影响

 目的研究诱导型一氧化氮合酶抑制剂氨基胍对大鼠创伤性面瘫恢复的影响及面神经核内IL-6表达的变化.方法通过大鼠面瘫前后腹膜内小剂量给予氨基胍,在伤后各个时间点上观察面瘫的恢复情况,并采用免疫组织化学ABC法对面神经核内IL-6阳性神经元的变化进行研究.结果氨基胍在创伤性面瘫的轻、中度恢复上有促进作用,其面神经核内IL-6免疫反应性明显比对照组增强.结论氨基胍慢性干预明显促进面神经核内IL-6的表达,并促进创伤性面瘫的轻、中度恢复.     

Sturge-Weber综合征的影像学诊断(附11例报告及文献复习)

目的　探讨Sturge -Weber综合征的影像学表现。方法　收集 11例Sturge -Weber综合征的临床及影像学资料 ,10例有面部三叉神经分布区皮肤血管瘤。所有病例都进行了常规CT扫描 ,其中头颅X线平片 2例 ,进行MR检查 8例 ,增强CT检查 5例 ,MRI增强 3例。结果　患侧皮层钙化 11例 ;脑萎缩 9例 ,受累脑叶灰白质分界不清 ;侧脑室脉络丛增大及深静脉血管扩张 7例 ;一侧颅板板障增厚 8例 ;增强脉络丛明显强化并呈囊状扩大 5例 ,患侧脑回状强化及脑表面血管扩张 6例。结论　头颅平片诊断本病作用有限 ,CT和MRI综合分析是确诊本病和判断病情最有价值的影像学方法     

氨基胍对大鼠创伤必性面瘫恢复及面神经核一氧化氮合酶表达的影响

目的 研究诱导型一氧化氮合酶抑制剂氨基胍对大鼠创伤性面瘫恢复的影响及面神经核内一氧化氮合酶表达的变化。方法 通过大鼠面瘫前后 膜内小剂量给予氨基胍，在伤后各个时间点上观察面瘫的恢复，并采用兔抗大鼠NOS抗血清免疫组织化学ABC对面神经核内NOS阳性神经元的变化进行研究。结果 氨基胍在创伤性面瘫恢复的早、中期有促进恢复的作用，其面神经核同诱导型一氧化氮合酶的免疫反应性明显受到抑制。结论 氨基胍慢性干预明显抑制面神经核内诱导型一氧化氮合酶的表达，并促进创伤性面瘫的早、中期恢复。     

多层螺旋CT面神经管曲面重建图像的解剖与临床应用

目的　探讨多层螺旋CT曲面重建 (CPR)图像对面神经管的显示能力及其在面神经管解剖研究与面瘫诊断中的应用价值。资料与方法　回顾分析 30例正常人及 11例面瘫患者的多层螺旋CT面神经管CPR图像 ,对 30例正常人 (6 0耳 )各段进行测量。结果　 30例正常人均可在一幅图像上清晰显示双侧面神经管结构 ,显示率10 0 % ,11例面瘫患者中 9例能良好显示病变段面神经管 ,显示率 81.8%。CPR图像上测得面神经管解剖数据与文献基本一致 (P >0 .5 )。CPR图像能确定面瘫病因 ,面神经管受累部位、程度。结论　多层螺旋CT面神经管CPR图像是目前研究面神经管影像解剖的良好方法 ,为临床诊断和治疗面神经管的解剖变异、先天畸形、外伤、胆脂瘤累及面神经管能提供有价值的信息     

Application of nasal profile estimation methods for Korean population

The nose is an important facial feature that affects facial reconstruction quality and its recognition. We reviewed a selection of papers that researched the nose with regression analysis and applied their regression formulae to our sample to compare the estimated value and measurements. One-hundred computed tomography (CT) scans of Korean adults were selected for this study. The subjects were patients without head trauma, severe deformities, or asymmetry at St. Mary’s Hospital in Seoul, Korea. Three dimensional (3D) models of the cranium and face were remodelled and measured by Mimics 14.1 (Leuven, Belgium, Materialise). A measurement system for 3D models that referred to landmarks from previous studies was used to facilitate the comparison process. Estimation formulae were applied to the subjects and compared with the measurement results of this study’s population. Corresponding measurements showed that the measurements were statistically significantly different from estimated values obtained with regression formulae. A difference in the results was expected because of the different sample population, but the age of subjects could also impact the results and cause variability. Therefore, the results of this study emphasise the necessity of basal research for a specific target population.     

Pitfalls at the root of facial assessment on photographs: a quantitative study of accuracy in positioning facial landmarks

In the last years, facial analysis has gained great interest also for forensic anthropology. The application of facial landmarks may bring about relevant advantages for the analysis of 2D images by measuring distances and extracting quantitative indices. However, this is a complex task which depends upon the variability in positioning facial landmarks. In addition, literature provides only general indications concerning the reliability in positioning facial landmarks on photographic material, and no study is available concerning the specific errors which may be encountered in such an operation. The aim of this study is to analyze the inter- and intra-observer error in defining facial landmarks on photographs by using a software specifically developed for this purpose. Twenty-four operators were requested to define 22 facial landmarks on frontal view photographs and 11 on lateral view images; in addition, three operators repeated the procedure on the same photographs 20 times (at distance of 24 h). In the frontal view, the landmarks with less dispersion were the pupil, cheilion, endocanthion, and stomion (sto), and the landmarks with the highest dispersion were gonion, zygion, frontotemporale, tragion, and selion (se). In the lateral view, the landmarks with the least dispersion were se, pronasale, subnasale, and sto, whereas landmarks with the highest dispersion were gnathion, pogonion, and tragion. Results confirm that few anatomical points can be defined with the highest accuracy and show the importance of the preliminary investigation of reliability in positioning facial landmarks.     

脉冲800nm半导体激光脱毛136例

目的评价脉冲800 nm半导体激光脱毛的临床效果。方法脱毛患者136例157个部位。半导体激光波长800 nm,脉冲持续时间分30、100 ms和Auto模式,频率≤2 Hz,光斑面积为9 mm×9 mm,能量密度15～40 J/cm2。根据患者肤色、毛发色泽和粗细调整参数。分面部及非面部脱毛以及面部、非面部脱毛1～4次及大于4次的疗效进行分析。并统计患者满意度。结果面部、非面部脱毛总有效率分别为65.1%;72.3%,差异有显著意义（P〈0.05）。面部、非面部脱毛1～4次及大于4次总有效率分别为44.2%;67.2%;88.8%及99.0%。脱毛效果与脱毛次数相关,脱毛4次以上的效果优于脱毛1～4次。面部及非面部脱毛的非常满意、一般满意分别为3%、59%、及16%、65%。仅有4例发生不良反应,且后期均无色素沉着发生。结论脉冲800 nm半导体激光脱毛安全而有效,非面部脱毛效果优于面部脱毛效果。