Leptospira interrogans Induces Apoptosis in Macrophages via Caspase-8- and Caspase-3-Dependent Pathways

Apoptosis of host cells plays an important role in modulating the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. It has been reported that Leptospira interrogans, the causal agent of leptospirosis, induces apoptosis in macrophages and hepatocytes. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for host cell death remained largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that L. interrogans induced apoptosis in a macrophage-like cell line, J774A.1, and primary murine macrophages in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis was associated with the activation of cysteine aspartic acid-specific proteases (caspase-3, caspase-6, and caspase-8), the increased expression of Fas-associated death domain (FADD), and the cleavage of the caspase substrates poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and nuclear lamina protein (lamin A and lamin C). Caspase-9 was activated to a lesser extent, whereas no release of cytochrome c from mitochondria was detectable. Inhibition of caspase-8 impaired L. interrogans-induced caspase-3 and -6 activation, as well as PARP and lamin A/C cleavage and apoptosis, suggesting that apoptosis is initiated via caspase-8 activation. Furthermore, caspase-3 was required for the activation of caspase-6 and seemed to be involved in caspase-9 activation through a feedback amplification loop. These data indicate that L. interrogans-induced apoptosis in macrophages is mediated by caspase-3 and -6 activation through a FADD-caspase-8-dependent pathway, independently of mitochondrial cytochrome c-caspase-9-dependent signaling.     

Akt激酶抑制剂MK-2206诱导U2OS人骨肉瘤细胞凋亡与自噬

 目的：研究Akt抑制剂MK-2206对U2OS细胞凋亡和自噬的影响。方法：采用MTT法检测MK-2206对U2OS细胞活力的影响,DNA片段末端标记试剂盒检测细胞凋亡的变化,免疫印迹法检测细胞内蛋白的表达,用LC3-II的表达量用来确定细胞的自噬水平。结果：MK-2206剂量依赖性地降低了U2OS细胞的活力;MK-2206能够促进caspase-9、caspase-3和PARP的活化切割而诱导U2OS细胞发生凋亡;MK-2206给药后可促进细胞内LC3-II的表达,氯喹阻断自噬后明显增强了MK-2206对U2OS细胞活力的抑制作用。结论：Akt 抑制剂MK-2206能够诱导U2OS细胞发生凋亡和自噬;抑制自噬可促进MK-2206对U2OS细胞的毒性。     

多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶和半胱天冬蛋白酶-3在过氧亚硝基阴离子致气道上皮细胞损伤中的作用

目的:探讨过氧亚硝基阴离子(ONOO^-)介导气道上皮细胞损伤的作用机制。方法: 在培养的大鼠气道上皮细胞(RTE), 观察应用多聚(ADP-核糖)聚合酶(PARP)抑制剂3-氨基苯甲酰胺(3-AB)和半胱天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)抑制剂Ac-DEVD-CHO后, 外源性给予ONOO^-对RTE细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)释放、凋亡百分率的影响, 用Westernblot分析PARP裂解片段。结果:3-AB不能完全抑制ONOO^-引起的RTE细胞LDH释放率的增高。3-AB对ONOO^-引起的RTE细胞凋亡无明显影响。Ac-DEVD-CHO呈剂量依赖性抑制ONOO^-诱导的RTE细胞凋亡。ONOO^-致RTE细胞凋亡过程中有PARP的裂解。结论:PARP活化是ONOO^-介导RTE细胞损伤的途径之一, 过度的PARP活化参与了ONOO^-所致的RTE细胞坏死;caspase-3活化裂解PARP在ONOO^-致RTE细胞凋亡过程中起重要作用。     

枸橘苷对胃癌细胞抑制作用及其机制研究

目的:探究枸橘苷对AGS胃癌细胞抑制作用及其机制。方法:MTT实验检测枸橘苷对AGS细胞活力的影响;流式细胞术分析细胞周期分布以及细胞凋亡;细胞核染色分析AGS细胞在枸橘苷处理之后的形态学变化;Western blot检测枸橘苷对AGS细胞中外源性凋亡通路相关蛋白FasL、caspase-8、caspase-3和PARP,以及内源性凋亡相关蛋白Bak、Bcl-xL、Bax和caspase-9蛋白水平的影响。结果:MTT实验表明枸橘苷抑制AGS胃癌细胞活力,并且呈时间、剂量依赖性(P0.05);流式细胞术分析结果表明枸橘苷使细胞停滞在G_1期,凋亡数量增加(P0.05);核染色结果说明,与对照组相比,150μmol/L枸橘苷处理后细胞核明显浓缩,细胞凋亡数量增加;Western blot实验表明枸橘苷上调FasL,激活caspase-8和caspase-3,促使活化的caspase-3底物PARP切割(P0.05),而对线粒体调节的内源性凋亡通路相关蛋白没有影响。结论:枸橘苷通过激活外源性凋亡通路促使AGs细胞凋亡,抑制胃癌细胞增殖,从而发挥抗肿瘤作用,在临床上可能成为治疗胃癌的新型药物。     

阿司匹林对同源不同辐射抗拒能力鼻咽癌细胞的凋亡诱导作用

目的:探讨阿司匹林诱导同源不同辐射抗拒能力鼻咽癌细胞株CNE2R/CNE2凋亡的作用及其机制。方法:采用MTT法、流式细胞术和Western blot法检测并比较阿司匹林对CNE2R和CNE2细胞活力、细胞凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白procaspase-3、cleaved caspase-3、procaspase-9、procaspase-12、PARP、cleaved PARP、Bcl-2和Bax,以及PI3K p110α、Akt和p27蛋白水平的影响。结果:阿司匹林抑制同源不同辐射抗拒能力细胞CNE2R/CNE2的活力(阿司匹林对CNE2细胞作用24、48和72 h的IC50分别为6.18、3.92和3.06 mmol/L,对CNE2R细胞作用24、48和72 h的IC50分别为7.05、3.90和2.20 mmol/L,两者差异无统计学显著性)。阿司匹林作用48 h后,CNE2R细胞凋亡率升高,明显高于CNE2细胞(P0.05)。阿司匹林作用48 h后,CNE2和CNE2R细胞中procaspase-3、procaspase-9、procaspase-12和PARP的蛋白水平降低,cleaved caspase-3和cleaved PARP的蛋白水平升高(P0.05);PI3K p110α和Akt蛋白水平下降,Bcl-2水平降低,Bax水平升高,Bcl-2/Bax比值降低,p27水平升高(P0.05)。结论:阿司匹林对同源不同辐射抗拒能力鼻咽癌细胞株CNE2R和CNE2具有同等细胞活力抑制作用;并且可以诱导细胞凋亡,且对抗辐射细胞株CNE2R的凋亡诱导作用更明显。阿司匹林的抗癌作用可能与其影响PI3K/Akt信号通路及其下游蛋白的水平有关。     

Differential sensitivity of naïve and subsets of memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells to hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis

CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells are identified into central and effector memory subsets, which are characterized by distinct homing patterns and functions. In this investigation, we show that na?ve and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are sensitive to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced apoptosis, whereas effector memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are relatively resistant to H2O2-induced apoptosis. Apoptosis in na?ve and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ is associated with the release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, upregulation of Bax and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) expression, and decreased intracellular glutathione (GSH). In vitro GSH and a superoxide dismutase mimetic Mn(III) tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin inhibited H2O2-induced apoptosis in both na?ve and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, VDAC inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocynostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid blocked H2O2-induced apoptosis. These data demonstrate that H2O2 induces apoptosis preferentially in human na?ve and central memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells via the mitochondrial pathway by regulating intracellular GSH and the expression of Bax and VDAC.     

第三丁基过氧化氢损伤皮层神经元线粒体并诱导凋亡

目的：探讨第三丁基过氧化氢（t-BHP）诱导大鼠皮层神经元凋亡的可能机制。 方法： 体外培养大鼠皮层神经元，MTT法测定细胞存活率，DNA断裂评价细胞凋亡，流式细胞术测定线粒体跨膜电位（ΔΨm），分光光度计法测定细胞内谷胱甘肽（GSH）浓度，Western blot法测定Bcl-2和Bax蛋白和胞浆细胞色素c以及活化型半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶3（caspase-3）和多聚（ADP-核糖）聚合酶（PARP）水平。 结果： tBHP（25－400 μmol/L）可明显抑制皮层神经元的生长，引起ΔΨm下降和线粒体内细胞色素c向胞浆释放，同时细胞内GSH浓度以及Bcl-2蛋白水平下降，Bax蛋白水平增加，caspase-3和PARP得以激活并最终导致神经细胞凋亡。 结论： tBHP引起的氧化应激可通过损伤线粒体诱导皮层神经元凋亡。     

黄芩苷抑制CA46细胞增殖和诱导凋亡的作用机制探讨

目的： 研究中药黄芩苷（baicalin）对人Burkitt淋巴瘤细胞株CA46细胞增殖、凋亡的影响并探讨其可能作用机制。 方法：应用MTT法绘制细胞生长曲线观察黄芩苷对CA46细胞增殖的影响;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术、细胞DNA片段化、TdT酶介导的原位缺口末端标记(TUNEL)法检测黄芩苷诱导CA46细胞凋亡的能力;RT-PCR法检测黄芩苷作用前后c-myc、bcl-2 mRNA表达水平的变化,Western blotting法检测c-Myc、Bcl-2、procaspase-3(caspase-3前体)、PARP(多聚ADP核糖聚合酶)蛋白水平的变化。结果：细胞生长曲线结果显示黄芩苷能明显抑制CA46细胞增殖,半数抑制浓度(IC50)约为10 μmol/L;Annexin V-FITC/PI双染流式细胞术早期凋亡的检出、TUNEL晚期凋亡细胞的检出和细胞DNA片段化凋亡梯带的检出,均证实黄芩苷能有效诱导CA46细胞凋亡,细胞凋亡率呈现浓度依赖性递增。黄芩苷作用后CA46细胞c-myc、bcl-2 mRNA和c-Myc、Bcl-2、procaspase-3、PARP(116 kD)蛋白的表达呈现时间依赖性递减,而PARP(85 kD)表达呈现时间依赖性递增。结论：黄芩苷能有效抑制CA46细胞增殖,诱导其凋亡;c-Myc、Bcl-2表达水平下调和caspase-3激活可能参与了这一作用过程。     

NOD8对H2O2诱导的人肝细胞凋亡的影响

 目的:探讨NOD8对H2O2诱导的人肝细胞L02凋亡的影响。 方法: pEGFP-C2 及pEGFP-NOD8重组质粒经JetPRIME介导转染L02细胞;用H2O2诱导细胞凋亡。实验分为pEGFP-C2组、pEGFP-C2+H2O2组和pEGFP-NOD8+H2O2组。采用MTT法检测细胞活性,Western blotting检测细胞NOD8的蛋白表达,Hoechst 33342染色检测细胞凋亡情况,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,比色法检测细胞caspase-3活性。 结果: 通过MTT检测不同浓度（0.2～2 mmol/L）H2O2刺激6 h后的细胞活性,确定1 mmol/L H2O2为诱导细胞凋亡的剂量。Western blotting检测结果显示,转染pEGFP-NOD8质粒的细胞NOD8蛋白表达明显增加。Hoechst 33342染色法观察发现,pEGFP-C2+H2O2组有较多细胞出现强蓝色荧光细胞核,细胞凋亡较多,而pEGFP-NOD8+H2O2组细胞凋亡明显减少。流式细胞术分析显示,pEGFP-C2+H2O2组的细胞凋亡率明显升高,pEGFP-NOD8+H2O2组的细胞凋亡率则显著下降。pEGFP-C2+H2O2组细胞的caspase-3活性明显升高,而pEGFP-NOD8+H2O2组细胞的caspase-3活性显著下降。 结论: NOD8可抑制H2O2诱导的L02细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与NOD8抑制细胞的caspase-3活性有关。     

Sodium pyruvate protects against H(2)O(2) mediated apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell line-SK-N-MC

Free radicals are involved in neuronal damage. The present study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of sodium pyruvate-a free radical scavenger against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) induced apoptosis in human neuroblastoma cell line-SK-N-MC. On exposure to H(2)O(2) (0.025 mM) cells exhibited apoptosis within 24 h, demonstrating a high caspase 3 activity by 3 h followed by cleavage of PARP that was maximum at 24 h. A break down in the mitochondrial membrane potential was observed 3 h onwards. Sodium pyruvate protected cells significantly (P<0.05) against apoptosis in a dose dependent manner as assessed for cell viability by dye exclusion method and apoptosis by TUNEL. Sodium pyruvate significantly inhibited caspase 3 activity, cleavage of PARP and breakdown of mitochondrial membrane potential. These data suggest that sodium pyruvate protects neuronal damage caused by H(2)O(2).     

Photodynamic therapy induced Fas-mediated apoptosis in human carcinoma cells

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinical approach that utilizes light-activated drugs for the treatment of a variety of pathologic conditions. Human poorly (CNE2) and moderately differentiated (TW0-1) human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells undergo rapid apoptosis when treated with PDT sensitized with Hypocrellin A (HA) and Hypocrellin B (HB). It has been shown that these compounds have a strong photodynamic effect on tumors and viruses. The initiating events of PDT sensitized HA and HB-induced apoptosis are poorly defined. In the current study, we sought to determine whether Fas/FasL upregulation and involvement of mitochondrial events are an early event in HA and HB-treated PDT induced apoptosis. Loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential, release of cytochrome c, involvement of caspases-8 and -3 and the status caspase-3 specific substrate PARP, were evaluated in PDT treated tumor cells. Photoactivation of HA and HB enhanced both CD95/CD95L expression and induced CD95-signaling dependent cell death in all tumor cell lines studied. CD95/ CD95L expression appeared within 2 h following light activation and appeared to be a primary event in PDT induced apoptosis. Furthermore, these results indicate that release of mitochondrial cytochrome c into the cytoplasm is a secondary event following the activation of initiator caspase-8 preceding caspase-3 activation, cleavage of PARP and DNA fragmentation. Cytochrome c appeared in the cytosol within 2-3 h post PDT. Cleavage of PARP was observed at 3-4 h following PDT and caspase-3 specific inhibitor DEVD-CHO and broad-spectrum caspases inhibitor z-VAD-fmk blocked caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage suggesting that caspase-3 plays an important role in HA and HB-induced apoptosis.     

低浓度H_2O_2预处理增强小鼠BMSCs抗氧化应激损伤能力

目的探讨PI3K/Akt/m TOR信号通路介导的低浓度过氧化氢(H_2O_2)预处理增强骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)抗氧化应激损伤的作用及机制。方法通过差速贴壁法分离培养小鼠BMSCs。BMSCs经或不经低浓度(50μmol/L)H_2O_2预处理12 h,再暴露于不同高浓度H_2O_2(200、250、300和500μmol/L)刺激24 h后,流式细胞术检测BMSCs凋亡;低浓度H_2O_2预处理12 h再暴露于300μmol/L H_2O_224 h后,Western blot检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2、Bax、caspase-3和cleaved-caspase-3的表达以及对PI3K/Akt/m TOR信号通路的影响。结果 H_2O_2呈浓度依赖性诱导BMSCs凋亡,50μmol/L H_2O_2预处理可降低200~500μmol/L诱导的BMSCs凋亡率,以及能降低300μmol/L诱导的促凋亡蛋白Bax和cleaved-caspase-3的上调和抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2及磷酸化Akt和m TOR蛋白的表达的下调(P0.05,P0.01);PI3K抑制剂LY294002可明显地阻断H_2O_2预处理引起的上述变化。结论低浓度H_2O_2预处理通过活化PI3K/Akt/m TOR信号通路增强骨髓间充质干细胞的抗氧化应激损伤能力。     

Alginate oligosaccharide protects against endoplasmic reticulum- and mitochondrial-mediated apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress

Oxidative stress is a major component of harmful cascades activated in neurodegenerative disorders. We sought to elucidate possible effects of alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) on H(2)O(2)-induced cell death and to determine the underlying molecular mechanisms in neuron-like PC12 cells. We found that AOS treatment protected PC12 cells against H(2)O(2)-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic cell death. AOS promoted Bcl-2 expression, while blocked Bax expression and inhibited H(2)O(2)-induced caspase-3 activation. It also blocked PARP cleavage. AOS acted on key molecules in apoptotic cell death pathway and reduced p53, p38, c-June NH2-terminal kinase phosphorylations, inhibited NFkB, and enhanced Nrf2 activation. These results suggest that treatment of PC12 cells with AOS can block H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress and caspase-dependent apoptotic cascades originating from both ER and mitochondria. Our in?vivo experiments further confirm the neuroprotective potential of AOS against Aβ-induced neural damage. According to our data, the involvement of caspase-independent pathway in AOS-induced protection appears to be unlikely.     

Escherichia coli shiga-like toxins induce apoptosis and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase via in vitro activation of caspases

Shiga-like toxin-producing Escherichia coli causes hemorrhagic colitis and hemolytic-uremic syndrome in association with the production of Shiga-like toxins, which induce cell death via either necrosis or apoptosis. However, the abilities of different Shiga-like toxins to trigger apoptosis and the sequence of intracellular signaling events mediating the death of epithelial cells have not been completely defined. Fluorescent dye staining with acridine orange and ethidium bromide showed that Shiga-like toxin 1 (Stx1) induced apoptosis of HEp-2 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Stx2 also induced apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Apoptosis induced by Stx1 (200 ng/ml) and apoptosis induced by Stx2 (200 ng/ml) were maximal following incubation with cells for 24 h (94.3% +/- 1.8% and 81.7% +/- 5.2% of the cells, respectively). Toxin-treated cells showed characteristic features of apoptosis, including membrane blebbing, DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation, cell shrinkage, and the formation of apoptotic bodies, as assessed by transmission electron microscopy. Stx2c induced apoptosis weakly even at a high dose (1,000 ng/ml for 24 h; 26.7% +/- 1.3% of the cells), whereas Stx2e did not induce apoptosis of HEp-2 cells. Thin-layer chromatography confirmed that HEp-2 cells express the Stx1-Stx2-Stx2c receptor, globotriaosylceramide (Gb3), but not the Stx2e receptor, globotetraosylceramide (Gb4). Western blot analysis of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a DNA repair enzyme, demonstrated that incubation with Stx1 and Stx2 induced cleavage, whereas incubation with Stx2e did not result in cleavage of PARP. A pan-caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) and a caspase-8-specific inhibitor (Z-IETD-FMK) eliminated, in a dose-dependent fashion, the cleavage of PARP induced by Shiga-like toxins. Caspase-8 activation was confirmed by detection of cleavage of this enzyme by immunoblotting. Cleavage of caspase-9 and the proapoptotic member of the Bcl-2 family BID was also induced by Stx1, as determined by immunoblot analyses. We conclude that different Shiga-like toxins induce different degrees of apoptosis that correlates with toxin binding to the glycolipid receptor Gb3 and that caspases play an integral role in the signal transduction cascade leading to toxin-mediated programmed cell death.     

AZD5363诱导肝癌细胞凋亡与自噬的实验研究

目的:研究新型Akt抑制剂AZD5363对人肝癌HepG2和Huh7细胞活力、凋亡和自噬的影响,并探讨其抗肿瘤活性的分子机制。方法:采用不同浓度AZD5363作用于体外培养的HepG2和Huh7细胞,MTT法检测细胞活力;TUNEL标记法检测肝癌细胞凋亡的变化;Western blot实验分析细胞凋亡相关蛋白多腺苷二磷酸核糖聚合酶[poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase,PARP]及自噬标志蛋白LC3-II的表达水平;细胞转染GFP-LC3绿色荧光蛋白融合表达质粒检测细胞自噬。结果:AZD5363能够剂量依赖性地抑制HepG2和Huh7细胞活力,并通过促进PARP的切割而诱导肝癌细胞发生凋亡;肝癌细胞给予AZD5363后,细胞内GFP-LC3融合蛋白斑点增多,同时LC3-II的表达水平增加(P 0.05);当用氯喹阻断自噬后,AZD5363对肝癌细胞凋亡的诱导作用明显增强。结论:AZD5363可促进HepG2和Huh7细胞发生凋亡和保护性自噬。抑制自噬促进了AZD5363诱导的肝癌细胞凋亡。     

Perifosine通过抑制PI3K/Akt途径调节人胶质瘤U251细胞增殖、凋亡与自噬

 目的: 探讨Akt激酶抑制剂perifosine对人胶质瘤U251细胞凋亡、细胞周期和自噬的影响,确定perifosine诱导的细胞自噬与其促进胶质瘤细胞凋亡的相关性。方法: Perifosine处理U251细胞后,采用MTT法检测细胞活力;流式细胞术分析perifosine对U251细胞周期的影响;Annexin V-FITC/PI双标法检测perifosine对胶质瘤细胞凋亡的作用;免疫印迹法检测细胞内P21、P27和cyclin B1等细胞周期调控相关蛋白以及caspase-9、PARP等细胞凋亡相关蛋白的表达水平;通过观察细胞内自噬标志分子LC3-Ⅱ的分布与表达来确定perifosine对自噬的诱导作用。结果: Perifosine剂量依赖性地抑制U251细胞活力,能够通过抑制cyclin B1的表达而阻滞胶质瘤细胞周期于G₂期。Perifosine促进了U251细胞内caspase-9和PARP的剪切,抑制survivin表达,从而诱导胶质瘤细胞发生凋亡。同时,perifosine与自噬抑制剂氯喹联用后,U251细胞凋亡数量明显增加。结论: Perifosine能够抑制U251细胞的增殖,同时诱导细胞发生凋亡与自噬,抑制自噬促进了perifosine诱导的胶质瘤细胞凋亡。     

PI3K/mTOR双重抑制剂PF-04691502诱导人胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡

 目的：检测PI3K/mTOR双重抑制剂PF-04691502对人胃癌SGC-7901细胞增殖和凋亡的影响及可能的分子机制。方法：MTT法检测细胞活力;流式细胞术分析细胞周期变化;Annexin V-FITC/PI双标法测定细胞凋亡;免疫印迹分析细胞内蛋白表达的变化。结果：PF-04691502处理SGC-7901细胞后,降低细胞的活力并促进细胞阻滞于G1期,同时抑制cyclin D1的表达并上调p21的蛋白水平。PF-04691502可明显诱导SGC-7901细胞凋亡,其机制与其促进caspase家族成员的活化并切割聚（腺苷二磷酸核糖）聚合酶［poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, PARP］ 底物密切相关。结论：PI3K/mTOR 双重抑制剂PF-04691502能够通过阻滞细胞周期来抑制SGC-7901细胞的增殖,同时能够激活细胞内caspase,使PARP发生剪切而诱导细胞凋亡。     

SNS-032诱导弥漫性大B淋巴瘤OCI-LY-19细胞株凋亡及其作用机制的研究

 目的： 研究SNS-032对弥漫性大B淋巴瘤细胞株OCI-LY-19凋亡的影响并探讨其作用机制。方法：应用MTS法观察不同浓度的SNS-032对OCI-LY-19细胞活力的影响;用PI单染法观察SNS-032对OCI-LY-19细胞诱导死亡的影响;Annexin V/PI双染流式细胞术分析不同浓度SNS-032对OCI-LY-19细胞凋亡的影响;Western blotting检测细胞凋亡相关蛋白和细胞增殖相关蛋白的表达情况。结果：SNS-032明显抑制OCI-LY-19细胞活力,半数抑制浓度为0.358 μmol/L;随SNS-032作用时间延长与浓度升高,凋亡细胞数逐渐增多;SNS-032可以时间与剂量依赖性地引起凋亡相关蛋白聚腺苷二磷酸-核糖聚合酶(PARP)的切割,caspase-3前体(procaspase-3)、caspase-9前体(procaspase-9)、X连锁凋亡抑制蛋白(XIAP)与髓样细胞白血病1(Mcl-1)的表达下降,而cleaved caspase-3和cleaved caspase-9表达明显增加;与细胞增殖相关的蛋白丝/苏氨酸激酶(Akt)、磷酸化Akt(p-Akt)、信号转导子及转录激活子5 (STAT5)、磷酸化STAT5（p-STAT5）、细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)和磷酸化ERK(p-ERK)表达下降,而ERK总蛋白无明显变化。结论：SNS-032能抑制弥漫性大B淋巴瘤细胞株OCI-LY-19的生长,诱导其凋亡,可能的机制是抑制了相关抗凋亡蛋白的表达,激活了caspase级联反应,同时抑制了与细胞增殖相关的JAKs/STATs、MEK/ERK和PI3K-Akt信号转导通路的表达与活化。     

人参皂苷Rh4诱导肝癌细胞HepG2的凋亡及分子机制

目的:探讨人参皂苷Rh4对人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的作用及机制。方法:采用MTT比色法测定不同浓度(10、20和40μmol/L)人参皂苷Rh4对人肝癌HepG2细胞活力的抑制作用;用流式细胞术检测定细胞凋亡率;通过Hoechst 33258和TUNEL染色观察人参皂苷Rh4诱导人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡的形态学变化;Western blot法检测凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、caspase-3和caspase-9的表达情况。结果:人参皂苷Rh4能够明显促进人肝癌HepG2细胞的凋亡,且呈剂量依赖性;TUNEL和Hoechst 33258染色实验结果表明,人参皂苷Rh4作用24 h后,细胞呈现明显皱缩、肿胀、破裂等凋亡形态;Western blot分析结果表明,随着人参皂苷Rh4给药浓度的增加,抗凋亡蛋白Bcl-2表达量逐渐下降,而促凋亡蛋白Bax、cleaved caspase-3和caspase-9的表达逐渐升高。结论:人参皂苷Rh4可诱导人肝癌HepG2细胞凋亡,其作用机制可能与下调Bcl-2以及上调Bax、cleaved caspase-3和caspase-9蛋白表达有关。     

Activation of a caspase-dependent oxidative damage response mediates TGFbeta1 apoptosis in rat hepatocytes

Activation of transforming growth factor-beta type 1- (TGFbeta1) mediated signaling occurs in response to cell injury affecting stem-type cells and hepatocytes in liver. In this work we used WB stemlike liver epithelial cells and p53-defective CWSV-1 nontumorigenic rat hepatocytes to investigate the possible roles of caspases and oxidative stress in TGFbeta1 signaling. TGFbeta1 significantly increased the level of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE), a stable product of lipid peroxidation. In addition, TGFbeta1-treated cells exhibited activation of caspases that accompanied by enhanced cleavage of the caspase substrate poly(ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP) and induction of apoptosis. WB cells were twice as sensitive as sensitive as CWSV-1 cells to induction of TGFbeta1 apoptosis. TGFbeta1-apoptosis was significantly reduced when cells were treated with TGFbeta1 in the presence of inhibitors of caspase-1, -3, -8, and -9. Importantly, in addition to suppression of apoptosis, treatment of cells with the caspase-3 inhibitor Z-DEVD-FMK in the presence of TGFbeta1 suppressed the formation 4-HNE and restored mitotic activity. Together, these data suggest TGFbeta1 induces activation of a caspase signaling cascade that includes an oxidative damage response, PARP cleavage, and apoptosis that do not require intact p53 in rat hepatocytes.