炎症性肠病的肠内营养治疗与肠道菌群

在环境因素中,如饮食、地域、抗生素治疗、补充益生菌、肠内营养等对肠道菌群产生的影响与炎症性肠病的发生、发展密切相关。对于肠道菌群的作用机制的学说包罗万千,可以说是对宿主的各个方面都产生了影响。尽管益生菌的作用机制没有被破译,但是它们可以刺激黏液分泌,抑制致病菌定植,纠正菌群失衡,改善屏障功能,下调先天免疫系统受体的表达,平衡T细胞亚群之间的均衡,改变一些基因的表达。另外免疫调节还产生了短链脂肪酸和其他代谢产物,这些对炎症性肠病的发病都是非常重要的。     

Lack of induction of suppressor T cells by intestinal epithelial cells from patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

The mechanisms underlying the chronic unrelenting inflammatory response seen in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are poorly understood. We have recently proposed a novel role for the normal intestinal enterocyte, that of antigen presenting cell. However, in contrast to conventional antigen presenting cells, normal enterocytes appear to selectively activate CD8+ antigen nonspecific suppressor T cells. To determine whether failure of this process may be occurring in inflammatory bowel disease, freshly isolated enterocytes from small and large bowel from normal patients, patients with Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and inflammatory (diverticulitis, ischemic colitis, and gold induced colitis) controls were co-cultured with allogeneic T cells in a modified mixed lymphocyte reaction. In contrast to normal enterocytes, 42/42 Crohn's and 35/38 ulcerative colitis-derived epithelial cells stimulated CD4+ T cells, whereas 65/66 and 9/9 normal and inflammatory control enterocytes, respectively, stimulated CD8+ T cells (as previously described), suggesting that the results seen were not just a reflection of underlying inflammation. Furthermore, IBD enterocytes from both histologically involved and uninvolved tissue were similar in their ability to selectively activate CD4+ T cells, speaking for a more global defect in epithelial cells in IBD. Finally, activated T cells from IBD epithelial cell-stimulated mixed lymphocyte cultures displayed potent T helper activity in an antigen nonspecific fashion. Taken together, these data suggest that there may be an intrinsic defect in epithelial cells from patients with IBD, resulting in the inability to normally stimulate suppressor T cells in an antigen overloaded environment.     

Nutritional support in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Total parenteral nutrition with bowel rest has been used as primary therapy to reduce disease activity and achieve remission in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, results are short-lived and similar success can be attained through total enteral nutrition with highly specialized elemental or semielemental formulas. Enteral nutrition costs less than parenteral nutrition, maintains gut integrity, stimulates immunocompetence, and helps to control symptoms and overall disease activity. Increased use of enteral formulas can be expected in the future. The role of diet in management of IBD is currently under scrutiny. No one diet is appropriate for all patients, but restriction of fat, fiber, lactose, or oxalate may be necessary to help alleviate symptoms and minimize the risk of complications.     

炎症性肠病患者脊柱关节炎的表现特点

目的 探讨炎症性肠病(IBD)患者的肠外表现—脊柱关节炎的发生情况,为后续炎症性肠病患者的诊断治疗提供借鉴.方法 分析2016年9月至2020年9月本院收治的210例炎症性肠病患者(其中溃疡性结肠炎/UC组138人,克罗恩病/CD组72人)肠道病变分布情况,并分析UC组及CD组患者脊柱关节炎各种分型的发生率及两组之间表...     

炎症性肠病患者自我管理行为的影响因素分析

目的 探讨炎症性肠病患者心理韧性、疾病接受度及社会支持对其自我管理行为的影响.方法 采用便利抽样法选取2019年12月—2020年8月于南京市某三级甲等医院就诊的200例炎症性肠病患者,采用一般资料调查表、炎症性肠病自我管理行为量表、炎症性肠病心理韧性量表、疾病接受度量表、社会支持量表进行问卷调查,应用AMOS 26....     

Paradox of simultaneous intestinal ischaemia and hyperaemia in inflammatory bowel disease

This review has focused on evidence regarding intestinal perfusion of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Basic investigation has defined an altered microvascular anatomy in the affected IBD bowel, which corresponds with diminished mucosal perfusion in the setting of chronic, long‐standing inflammation. Diminished perfusion is linked to impaired wound healing, and may contribute to the continued refractory mucosal damage, which characterizes IBD. Alterations in vascular anatomy and physiology in IBD suggests additional possible mechanisms by which micro‐vessels may contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of IBD. This begs the following questions: will angiogenesis within the gut lead to sustained inflammation, does the growing vasculature generate factors that transform the surrounding tissue and does angiogenesis generate vascular anastomosis within the gut, with shunting of blood away from the mucosal surface, impairment of metabolism and potentiation of gut damage? Further studies are required to define the mechanisms that underlie the vascular dysfunction and its role in pathophysiology of IBD.     

Claudin-4在炎症性肠病小鼠结肠黏膜中的表达及意义

目的观察claudin-4在葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)诱导的小鼠炎症性肠病(IBD)模型中的表达,探讨claudin-4在IBD发病机制中的作用。方法对14只C57BL/6小鼠采用2.5%DSS持续经饮水途径饲养7 d建立IBD模型,另取6只作对照,自由饮水,于第8天观察结肠组织病理学变化,应用免疫组织化学染色,免疫印迹检测结肠黏膜中claudin-4的表达。结果模型组体质量变化、病理学改变证实造模成功。与对照组比较,模型组小鼠的claudin-4表达显著减少,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Claudin-4在IBD小鼠结肠黏膜中表达下降,可能在IBD发病中起到重要作用。     

Low S-adenosylmethionine concentrations found in patients with severe inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: S-adenosylmethionine is a methyl donor in many cellular reactions including detoxification of constantly produced hydrogen sulphide in the colon. A reduced capacity to detoxify hydrogen sulphide may be implicated in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. S-adenosylmethionine could be low if this assumption is correct. We compared S-adenosylmethionine concentrations in whole blood in patients with severe and moderate inflammatory bowel disease with healthy reference persons. METHODS: S-adenosylmethionine concentrations in whole blood were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Patients with Crohn's disease (n=21), ulcerative colitis (n=7) and healthy age-matched reference persons (or controls) (n=17) were studied. RESULTS: S-adenosylmethionine concentrations were significantly decreased in patients with severe inflammatory bowel disease (mean 1.10 mg/l) as compared to patients with moderate Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (mean 1.83 mg/l) and reference persons (mean 1.84 mg/l). Statistically significant inverse correlations were found between S-adenosylmethionine concentration and activity index (p<0.01 and R2=0.86) as well as Crohn's disease activity index (p<0.01 and R2=0.50) scores. CONCLUSIONS: Low concentrations of S-adenosylmethionine were found in patients with severe inflammatory bowel disease. Future studies will show whether S-adenosylmethionine is a marker for disease activity and a possible tool for investigation of sulphur toxicity as a causative mechanism in inflammatory bowel disease.     

Use of infliximab in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease

BACKGROUND: The concentration of tumor necrosis factor, a proinflammatory cytokine, is increased in the gastrointestinal mucosa of patents with active Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Neutralization of tumor necrosis factor decreases the mucosal inflammatory response of adults with CD. Little information is available on the use of monoclonal antibody to tumor necrosis factor (infliximab) in children and adolescents with CD or UC. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical response and side effects of patients to infliximab. METHODS: A retrospective review of data regarding 18 pediatric and adolescent patients with active CD (n = 15) and UC (n = 3) poorly controlled with conventional therapy. All patients received one to six intravenous infusions of infliximab 5 mg/kg, while receiving their usual medications. RESULTS: All patients experienced clinical improvement, including decrease in the frequency of stooling and resolution of extraintestinal symptoms such as arthropathy, malaise, and skin manifestations after treatment with infliximab. All but one patient had a documented decrease in the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Prednisone dosage was tapered in all but two patients, and discontinued in seven patients. Intravenous infusion of infliximab was well tolerated. One patient developed a rash several days after the infusion. A patient who received six infliximab infusions developed recurrent Staphylococcus aureus infections, as well as septic arthritis and chronic osteomyelitis during the follow-up period, raising the issue of the long-term safety of infliximab. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of our patients with refractory CD and UC with infliximab was associated with remarkable clinical improvement. Although the drug may have an important role in their management, further assessment of long-term safety and efficacy is needed.     

Risk of thromboembolic complications in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

A large number of hemostasis measurements complications were performed in 20 patients with inflammatory bowel disease; whose changes have been associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic. Of the 20 patients, 9 (45%) had one or more changes suggestive of activation of the hemostatic system. Such changes were more frequently observed in patients with active disease. Two patients had changes in the fibrinolytic system (high plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels) and 2 in the natural anticoagulants (low antithrombin III activity). Nine patients had increased plasma fibrinogen levels and 6 patients had slightly increased levels of anticardiolipin antibodies. Most of the changes observed were not related to the type, location or activity of the disease. These data show that various biochemical abnormalities may be found in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, which may account for their increased risk of thrombosis, and suggest that multiple mechanisms may interact in determining such complications.     

炎症性肠病病人自我管理研究进展

介绍了炎症性肠病病人自我管理的定义和意义,从心理因素、治疗因素、社会因素3方面阐述了影响炎症性肠病病人自我管理的因素,提出了健康教育、心理干预、社会支持等干预措施,并指出了目前该领域研究的局限性.     

Oxidative stress and antioxidant capacity in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

OBJECTIVES: In this study we aimed to determine the levels of Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to investigate their contribution to tissue injury in inflammatory bowel disease. DESIGN AND METHODS: Forty-seven GSH-Px patients (35 with ulcerative colitis and 12 with Crohn's disease) and 30 healthy controls were included in the study. Their plasma and MDA levels were compared using nonparametric statistical methods. RESULTS: Plasma GSH-Px levels of the patients group were significantly higher than the control group (p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between patients and controls in view of plasma levels of MDA. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of GSH-Px, which is response against oxidative stress, indicates the increase of free radicals in IBD, while normal plasma MDA levels suggest the clearance of free radicals without leading to lipid peroxidation. Our result reveals that there is an existing antioxidant capacity despite oxidative stress in patients with IBD.     

365例炎症性肠病、缺血性肠炎临床与病理诊断分析

目的探讨炎症性肠病、缺血性肠炎临床与病理诊断的符合率及临床特点,提高临床诊断水平。方法回顾性分析365例符合中华医学会消化病分会制定的炎症性肠病诊断治疗规范标准,临床诊断的溃疡性结肠炎(UC)270例、克罗恩病(CD)55例、缺血性肠炎40例,对其与病理诊断的符合率,发病年龄,临床特征,肠外合并症进行分析。结果3种疾病临床诊断与病理诊断的总符合率252/365(83.6%),UC组符合率最高为99.3%(268/270);CD和缺血性肠炎组分别为40.0%(22/55)和37.5%(15/40),显著低于UC组(P<0.001)。发病平均年龄:UC组(30.5±15.2)岁;CD组(24.5±13.4)岁;缺血性肠炎组(62.9±20.5)岁,缺血性肠炎组显著偏高(P<0.001)。腹痛、腹泻、便血的出现率:UC组88.2%(238/270)、98.2%(265/270)、27.0%(73/270);CD组65.5%(36/55)、10.9%(6/55)、12.7%(7/55);缺血性肠炎组100%(40/40)、20.0%(8/40)、95.0%(38/40)。UC组腹痛、腹泻发生率较高,而缺血性肠炎组便血的发生率较高。肠管外合并症的出现率和种类:UC组34.1%(92/270)、26种肠管外合并症;CD组36.4%(20/55)、20种肠管外合并发症;缺血性肠炎组35.0%(14/40)、6种肠管外合并症。结论CD和缺血性肠炎的病理诊断符合率不高,应提高病理诊断的准确率。发病年龄、临床症状、肠管外合并症对炎症性肠病与缺血性肠炎的诊断有重要的参考价值。     

炎症性肠病患者肠道菌群变化及其与炎性指标的关系

目的 观察炎症性肠病（IBD）患者肠道菌群变化,并观察其与白细胞（WBC）、血小板（PLT）、红细胞沉降率（ESR）和C反应蛋白（CRP）的关系.方法 选取IBD患者65例,检测所有患者粪便标本中10种细菌的数量及WBC、PLT计数、ESR和血清CRP水平.结果 溃疡性结肠炎（UC）组和克罗恩病（CD）组肠杆菌（EMB）、肠球菌（EC）、酵母菌（SB）均较对照组显著升高（P ＜0.05或P＜0.01）,UC组小梭菌（SC）显著升高（P＜0.05）;2组消化球菌（PS）、拟杆菌（BD）、双歧杆菌（BL）、乳杆菌（LC）和真杆菌（ES）均显著下降（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;活动组EMB、ES、SB、SC、BD、BL、LC及WBC、PLT、ESR、CRP与缓解组差异显著（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）;WBC、PLT和CRP均与EC负相关,ESR与SB正相关（P＜0.01）.结论 IBD患者存在显著肠道菌群紊乱,炎性指标与部分菌种失衡相关.     

In vitro IgE production by peripheral blood lymphocytes and rectal mucosal biopsies and antigen-induced basophil degranulation in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

IgE production by peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) and rectal mucosal biopsies in vitro has been examined in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). The degranulation of peripheral blood basophils to food antigens has also been investigated in these patients. Mitogen-induced IgE production was reduced in patients with UC, but enhanced in PBL cultures from patients with CD. Increased numbers of basophils degranulated in the presence of cows' milk in UC patients, but normal responses occurred in patients with CD. This evidence supports the suggested role of IgE-mediated mechanisms involving mast cell/basophil interactions in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease.     

Rapid detection of common CARD15 variants in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: Three mutations (R702W, G908R, and 1007fs) within the CARD15 gene have been identified as independent risk factors for the development of Crohn's disease (CD). Virtually all studies investigating the occurrence of these mutations in patients with CD have used separate PCR-based methods to screen patient DNA, here we describe a novel multiplex amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) assay that allows the simultaneous detection of R702W, G908R, and 1007fs, and a fourth CARD15 variant, P268S, at a fraction of the cost of the pre-existing genotyping assays. METHODS: Allele-specific primer sets were designed for each CARD15 variant, optimized separately for annealing temperature and MgCl2 and then multiplexed. The mutant- and wild-type-specific primers were split across two tubes so that each multiplex reaction was internally controlled for amplification failure. An additional primer pair specific to beta2-microglobulin was included as an independent control for DNA quality. The specificity of each primer set was tested using positive controls that had been validated by sequencing, and the robustness of the final ARMS assay was assessed by genotyping 111 Caucasian patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). RESULTS: The specificity of each primer set was confirmed using a sequence validated positive control for each of the four CARD15 variants. Of the 111 DNA samples screened with our ARMS assay, a clear CARD15 genotype was obtained for 109 patients. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Given the potential predictive value of R702W, G980R, and 1007fs, a robust genotyping method for these variants would be of considerable value both in diagnostic and research settings. Our ARMS assay only takes 3-4 hours to perform once DNA has been extracted and requires only 1U of Taq DNA polymerase, making it a rapid, reliable, and cost-effective alternative to current CARD15 genotyping methods.     

Campylobacter infection in 682 bulgarian patients with acute enterocolitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and other chronic intestinal diseases

The aim of the study was to assess Campylobacter infections in 309 patients with acute enterocolitis, 272 patients with relapses of chronic enterocolitis, 70 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (involving Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) and 31 patients with other chronic intestinal illnesses. Isolation and identification were performed conventionally. Limited agar dilution method was used for susceptibility testing of the strains. Campylobacter species were isolated in patients with acute enterocolitis (7.8%), chronic enterocolitis (6.2%), Crohn's disease (6.2%), ulcerative colitis (3.7%), and irritable bowel syndrome (8.3%). Hippurate-positive Campylobacter jejuni isolates accounted for 62.2% of Campylobacter strains. One tetracycline resistant Campylobacter upsaliensis isolate was detected from a girl with acute enterocolitis. Resistance rates to erythromycin (31.1%) and clarithromycin (22.2%) were high, whereas those to amoxicillin/clavulanate (4.4%), ampicillin/sulbactam (13.3%), tetracycline (24.4%) and ciprofloxacin (22.2%) were relatively low. Resistance to erythromycin and either tetracycline or ciprofloxacin was detected in 8.9% and 6.7%. The involvement of Campylobacter infection in relapses of chronic intestinal disorders and the susceptibility patterns of the strains strongly emphasize the role of Campylobacter as a cause of infection in this group of patients.