结直肠癌肝转移的预后因素

目的:评价结直肠癌肝转移的临床预后因素及治疗方案对预后的影响.方法:收集71例结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床资料及预后情况,用Kaplan-Meier生存分析及Log-rank检验进行单因素分析,将有统计学意义的预后因素纳入Cox回归模型进行多因素分析.结果:Kaplan-Meier单因素分析及Log-rank检验显示,肝转移灶最大直径、有无区域淋巴结转移及诊断肝转移时碱性磷酸酶(ALP)最高值3个因素对其预后影响有显著意义;将这3个预后因素纳入Cox回归多因素分析显示,有无区域淋巴结转移、诊断肝转移时ALP最高值是结直肠癌肝转移的独立预后因素.全组3种治疗方式比较差别无统计学意义,但对手术切除组和化疗组两组进行比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而局部治疗组和手术组之间,局部治疗组和化疗组之间差别无统计学意义.结论:肝转移灶最大直径、原发病灶有无区域淋巴结转移、诊断肝转移时最高ALP值是结直肠癌肝转移患者的预后因素;肝转移灶最大直径越小、无区域淋巴结转移、诊断肝转移时最高ALP值正常的患者预后越好;手术切除联合化疗目前是结直肠癌肝转移的首选治疗方案,可获得较好的远期生存.     

结直肠癌患者门静脉血TXA2、VEGF、CEA水平变化对手术预后的预测价值

背景结直肠癌(colorectal cancer, CRC)是国内外发病率和死亡率均靠前的恶性肿瘤,是世界性的重大公共卫生问题,它排在新诊断癌症的第三位,也是第四位癌症致死原因.积极探索一种结直肠癌术后肝转移的有效预测指标是目前研究重点与难点,若能通过某种方法早期检测出肝脏内肿瘤细胞的微转移,并采取有效的干预和综合治疗,这将会极大的改善结直肠癌患者预后.目的探讨CRC患者门静脉血血栓素A2 (thromboxane A2,TXA2)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF)、癌胚抗原(carcino embryonic antigen,CEA)水平变化对手术预后的预测价值.方法选取2017-05/2019-11我院112例CRC手术患者,根据术后6 mo有无肝转移分为观察组(肝转移, n=21)与对照组(无肝转移, n=91).比较两组临床资料、门静脉血TXA2、VEGF、CEA水平,分析CRC患者术后肝转移影响因素,评估门静脉血各指标水平与临床病理参数的相关性、对CRC患者术后肝转移的预测价值及与预后的关联性.结果门静脉血TXA2、VEGF、CEA水平:观察组对照组(P 0.05);年龄、病灶大小、组织学分级、T分期、区域淋巴结转移、脉管瘤栓、手术方式、辅助化疗、门静脉血TXA2、VEGF、CEA水平均为CRC患者术后肝转移影响因素(P0.05); CRC术后肝转移患者门静脉血TXA2、VEGF、CEA水平与年龄、病灶大小、T分期、区域淋巴结转移及脉管瘤栓呈正相关关系,与组织学分级呈负相关关系(P0.05);门静脉血TXA2、VEGF、CEA水平联合预测CRC患者术后肝转移AUC最大,为0.929;结直肠癌患者门静脉血TXA2、VEGF、CEA高水平患者与低水平患者术后生存率相比,差异无统计学意义(P0.05).结论门静脉血TXA2、VEGF、CEA水平高表达可能参与CRC术后肝转移过程,上述指标联合检测可为临床预测CRC术后肝转移与预后提供数据支持.     

结直肠癌肝转移预后因素分析及治疗方式对生存期的影响

目的研究在原发癌切除术后,结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床特征与预后之间的相关性。方法对118例结直肠癌肝转移患者13个临床病理特征进行单因素生存分析及多因素COX风险回归模型的分析。各种治疗方法对1、3、5 a生存率及中位生存期的影响应用生存寿命表法进行比较。结果手术组的生存期明显长于姑息治疗组和未治疗组。原发癌的TNM分期、术前CEA、肝转移灶的最大径和发现时间、肝外转移的存在以及原发癌切除术后的治疗方式等6个因素对结直肠癌肝转移患者的中位生存期存在显著性影响（P〈0.05）。原发癌的TNM分期、术前CEA、肝转移灶的大小与结直肠癌肝转移长期生存的危险性呈正相关。结论结直肠癌肝转移患者的临床病理特征与患者预后有着密切关系。手术治疗,特别是手术联合全身化疗、肝动脉介入化疗等综合治疗比单纯治疗具有更佳的疗效。     

结直肠癌肝转移患者血清糖类抗原199、癌胚抗原的表达及意义

目的探讨结直肠癌患者血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原(CA)199的水平及其与结直肠癌肝脏转移的关系。方法回顾性分析200例结直肠癌患者,分析患者血清CEA、CA199的表达与结直肠癌肝脏转移及预后的关系。结果发生肝转移结直肠癌患者血清CEA和CA199阳性表达率分别为79.7%和70.3%;不伴有结直肠癌肝转移患者CEA和CA199阳性表达率为55.1%和11.8%,二者差异有统计学意义(P0.01);按肝转移发生的时间分组,同时性肝转移组CEA、CA199的阳性表达率分别为80.6%、77.8%,异时性肝转移组二者阳性表达率分别为78.6%和60.7%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论结直肠癌患者血清CEA、CA199表达水平与肝转移密切相关,联合检测血清CEA、CA199对预测结直肠癌肝脏转移有指导意义。     

结直肠癌肝转移患者行肝根治性切除术的预后影响因素分析

目的探讨结直肠癌肝转移患者行肝根治性切除手术预后的影响因素及临床意义。方法回顾性分析北京怀柔医院2003年1月-2008年3月收治的182例行根治性切除的结直肠癌肝转移患者,分析临床病理因素与疗效的关系。Kaplan-Meier法计算生存率,单因素分析采用Log-rank法,多因素分析采用Cox比例风险模型。结果 182例患者均获得随访,随访时间为9~60个月,患者1、3、5年生存率分别为82.96%、59.73%、40.11%。单因素分析显示,转移瘤的大小、分布、数目、术前血清癌胚抗原(CEA)水平、有无并发症、术后有无辅助性治疗等是影响结直肠癌肝转移患者行肝根治性切除预后的影响因素(χ2值分别为4.598、4.653、5.327、4.768、5.502、4.546,P值均0.05)。多因素分析显示,转移瘤的数目、术前CEA水平、术后有无并发症是影响患者预后的独立危险因素(Wald值分别为5.155、5.905、8.343,P值均0.05)。结论转移瘤的数目、术前CEA水平、术后有无并发症是影响患者预后的独立危险因素。对患者扩大手术切除的适应证,术后对患者积极进行辅助治疗,可以有效改善患者的预后。     

同时性结直肠癌肝转移患者的生存分析

目的分析结直肠癌合并同时性肝转移患者的生存状况和相关影响因素。 方法回顾性分析2000年至2010年复旦大学附属中山医院收治的1061例结直肠癌合并同时性肝转移患者的病例。收集所有患者的临床资料、病理特征、治疗策略、住院费用、随访状况等,进行生存状况分析,并采用单因素和Cox比例风险回归模型等分析影响结直肠癌肝转移生存的相关因素。 结果肝转移灶可切除患者中,同期切除肠道原发灶和肝转移灶与分期切除患者的住院费用分别为25693元、34129元(P<0.05),手术并发症(分别为24.5%、20.5%)和总生存期方面(分别为48.5月、47.0月)无显著差异。肝转移灶不可切除且原发灶无症状的患者中,原发灶切除的患者总体中位生存时间明显好于原发灶未切除的患者(分别为19.0月、9.3月,P<0.001)。肠道原发灶分化Ⅲ～Ⅳ级、肝转移灶≥4个、最大肝转移灶直径≥5 cm、肝外转移、肠道原发灶未手术切除和肝转移灶非手术治疗是影响肠癌同时性肝转移患者预后的独立危险因素。将上述6个危险因素各设定为1分,所有患者分为低风险组(0～1分)、中风险组(2～3分)和高风险组(4～6分),5年存活率分别为51%、16%和0%(P<0.001)。 结论结直肠癌合并同时性肝转移患者中,原发灶和转移灶均可切除的可予以同期切除,原发灶可切除且无出血梗阻症状的不可切除的肝转移仍建议在合适时机切除肠道原发灶。根据上述6个独立预后因素所建立的预测模型可以指导临床采取合适的治疗方案。     

结直肠癌肺转移患者的临床回顾性分析

目的 了解结直肠癌肺转移患者的生存时间(OS)和结直肠癌根治术后发生肺转移的时间间隔并寻找相关影响因素.方法 对206例结直肠癌肺转移患者的各项临床参数、治疗方法、无转移间隔时间(DFI)和OS进行分析.结果 结直肠癌肺转移患者6个月、1年、2年、3年和5年的累积生存率分别为79%、46%、25%、20%和18%,中位OS为16个月.有或无特异性肺部及相关症状、性别、年龄、伴或不伴肝转移、肺转移灶单发或多发、是否存在纵隔和(或)肺门淋巴结转移均与OS无关(P值均＞0.05).单因素分析发现结直肠癌原发部位(P=0.020)、脉管浸润(P=0.022)和T分期(P=0.009)是影响肺转移患者中位OS的因素,但多因素分析未发现独立预后因子.接受肺转移灶切除术者相比单纯化学治疗者中位OS更长(分别为34和16个月),但因例数较少,差异尚无统计学意义(P=0.125).160例接受结直肠癌根治术者中,术后第1年和第2年各有48例患者出现肺转移,中位DFI为20个月.DFI与结直肠癌原发部位、形态类型、分化程度、T分期和N分期相关(P值均＜0.05),其中T分期是DFI的独立预测因子(P=0.023).结论 结直肠癌肺转移多发生在结直肠癌根治术后2年内,DFI、临床特征、病理特征和分期均不是独立的生存预后指标,但T分期是影响DFI的独立预测因子.     

125例结直肠癌患者预后因素分析

目的探讨影响结直肠癌预后的因素。方法回顾性分析125例结直肠癌患者的临床及病理资料。用Kaplan—Meier法计算生存期并绘制生存曲线,分析性别、年龄、原发部位、组织类型、原发肿瘤的浸润深度（T）、区域淋巴结转移（N）、远处转移（M）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、肝功能指标等与预后的关系,Cox回归模型行多因素预后分析。结果125例患者中5例失访,19例存活,101例死亡。总生存期为2—108个月,1、3、5年生存率分别为82．1％、50。4％、25．2％,中位生存期为36个月。组织类型、区域淋巴结转移、远处转移、Duke’s分期、CEA及总蛋白与预后密切相关,肿瘤部位与预后无显著相关性。结论影响结直肠癌患者预后的主要因素为区域淋巴结转移、远处转移、肿瘤组织类型、血清CEA与总蛋白水平。     

结直肠癌肺转移患者临床特征及预后影响因素分析——基于SEER数据库的回顾性研究

目的分析初诊结直肠癌肺转移患者的临床特点,探讨影响结直肠癌肺转移发生和影响预后的预测因素。 方法通过SEER*Stat软件收集SEER数据库中2010至2013年的4 202例结直肠癌器官转移的患者。通过卡方检验和二元逻辑回归的方法比较肺转移组（894例）和非肺转移组（3 308例）各临床病理特征的差异。采用Kaplan-Meier法对影响肺转移组预后的各临床病理因素进行单因素分析;通过Log-Rank法检验生存率的差别;通过多因素Cox回归模型以得到影响结直肠癌肺转移远期存活的独立危险因素。 结果卡方检验中两组差异有统计学意义的因素包括：种族、性别、原发部位、T分期及N分期。二元逻辑回归结果显示,种族（OR：1.211,95%CI：1.040~1.411,P=0.014）、性别（OR：1.209,95%CI：1.042~1.403,P=0.013）、原发部位（OR：1.147,95%CI：1.067~1.234,P<0.001）、N分期（OR：0.907,95%CI：0.826~0.995,P=0.039）分别为肺转移发生的独立影响因素。894例直肠癌肺转移患者的中位生存时间为11个月,1年生存率为65.2%,3年生存率为24.4%。单因素生存分析显示：诊断年龄、原发部位、组织学分级、T分期、N分期、放疗情况、CEA、淋巴结检出数及其他器官转移与患者生存情况有显著的相关性。Cox比例风险模型分析显示：诊断年龄（HR：1.631,95%CI：1.344~1.980,P<0.001）、组织学分级（HR：1.405,95%CI：1.194~1.652,P<0.001）、N分期（HR：1.253,95%CI：1.111~1.414,P<0.001）、CEA（HR：1.744,95%CI：1.306~2.330,P<0.001）、淋巴结检出数（HR：1.764,95%CI：1.408~2.208,P<0.001）及其他器官转移（HR：1.980,95%CI：1.578~2.483,P<0.001）是结直肠癌肺转移患者预后的独立影响因素。 结论种族、性别、原发部位、N分期分别为预测结直肠癌肺转移发生的高危因素。诊断年龄、组织学分级、N分期、CEA、淋巴结检出数及其他器官转移是结直肠癌肺转移患者预后的独立影响因素。     

CCL2表达与同时性结直肠癌肝转移的相关性分析

目的观察结直肠癌原发瘤CCL2表达与同时性结直肠癌肝转移的相关性。 方法检索1999年1月至2003年12月中国医学科学院肿瘤医院临床病理资料完整的结直肠癌病例,最终197例纳入研究。其中对照组104例,同时性肝转移组93例。对照病例定义为结直肠癌术后随访5年以上没有复发转移者。采用免疫组织化学法检测结直肠癌原发瘤CCL2表达,单因素和多因素分析CCL2和临床病理因素与结直肠癌肝转移的相关性。 结果多因素分析显示,肿瘤大小、淋巴结分期、CEA和CCL2表达是预示结直肠癌肝转移的独立危险因素(P<0.05),CCL2高表达者肝转移风险是低表达者的5.828倍(95% CI：2.212～15.355)。CCL2与其他临床病理因素的相关性分析表明,CCL2表达仅与肝转移相关(P<0.05),与肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结分期和CEA均未见统计学差异(P>0.05)。 结论同时性结直肠癌肝转移与肿瘤大小、淋巴结分期、CEA和CCL2表达密切相关。结直肠癌肝转移中CCL2的作用机制可能与常见临床病理因素不同。     

Prognostic factors following liver resection for hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer

AIM: To determine the impact of prognostic factors on survival of patients with metastases from colorectal cancer that underwent liver resection. METHODS: The records of 28 patients that underwent liver resection for metastases from colorectal cancer between April 1992 and September 2001 were retrospectively analyzed. Thirty-eight resections were performed (more than one resection in eight patients and two patients underwent re-resections). The primary tumor was resected in all the patients. A screening protocol for liver metastases including clinical examinations every three months, ultrassonography and CEA level until 5 years of follow-up and after every 6 months, was applied. The prognostic factors analyzed regarding the impact on survival were: Dukes C stage of primary tumor, size of metastasis >5 cm, a disease-free interval from primary tumor to metastasis < 1 year, CEA level > 100 ng/mL, resection margins < 1 cm and extrahepatic disease. The Kaplan-Meier curves, log rank and Cox regression were used for the statistical analysis. RESULTS: Perioperative morbidity and mortality were 39.3% and 3.6%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate was 35%. The independent prognostic factors were: disease-free interval from primary tumor to metastasis < 1 year and extrahepatic disease. CONCLUSIONS: The liver resection for metastases from colorectal cancer is a safe procedure with more than 30% 5-year survival. Disease-free interval from primary tumor to metastasis < 1 year and extrahepatic disease were independent prognostic factors.     

Prognostic value of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen/tumor size in rectal cancer

BACKGROUND Carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)is a commonly used biomarker in colorectal cancer.However,controversy exists regarding the insufficient prognostic value of preoperative serum CEA alone in rectal cancer.Here,we combined preoperative serum CEA and the maximum tumor diameter to correct the CEA level,which may better reflect the malignancy of rectal cancer.AIM To assess the prognostic impact of preoperative CEA/tumor size in rectal cancer.METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 696 stage I to III rectal cancer patients who underwent curative tumor resection from 2007 to 2012.These patients were randomly divided into two cohorts for cross-validation:training cohort and validation cohort.The training cohort was used to generate an optimal cutoff point and the validation cohort was used to further validate the model.Maximally selected rank statistics were used to identify the optimum cutoff for CEA/tumor size.The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to plot the survival curve and to compare the survival data.Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to determine the prognostic value of CEA/tumor size.The primary and secondary outcomes were overall survival(OS)and disease-free survival(DFS),respectively.RESULTS In all,556 patients who satisfied both the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included and randomly divided into the training cohort(2/3 of 556,n=371)and the validation cohort(1/3 of 556,n=185).The cutoff was 2.429 ng/mL per cm.Comparison of the baseline data showed that high CEA/tumor size was correlated with older age,high TNM stage,the presence of perineural invasion,high CEA,and high carbohydrate antigen 19-9(CA 19-9).Kaplan-Meier curves showed a manifest reduction in 5-year OS(training cohort:56.7%vs 81.1%,P<0.001;validation cohort:58.8%vs 85.6%,P<0.001)and DFS(training cohort:52.5%vs 71.9%,P=0.02;validation cohort:50.3%vs 79.3%,P=0.002)in the high CEA/tumor size group compared with the low CEA/tumor size group.Univariate and multivariate analyses identified CEA/tumor size as an independent prognostic factor for OS(training cohort:hazard ratio(HR)=2.18,95%confidence interval(CI):1.28-3.73,P=0.004;validation cohort:HR=4.83,95%CI:2.21-10.52,P<0.001)as well as DFS(training cohort:HR=1.47,95%CI:0.93-2.33,P=0.096;validation cohort:HR=2.61,95%CI:1.38-4.95,P=0.003).CONCLUSION Preoperative CEA/tumor size is an independent prognostic factor for patients with stage I-III rectal cancer.Higher CEA/tumor size is associated with worse OS and DFS.     

The role of hepatectomy for patients with liver metastases of gastric cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although the role of hepatectomy for patients with colorectal liver metastases is well established, few reports exist of hepatectomy for patients with metastases of gastric cancer origin. This study reviews cases of hepatectomy for metastatic gastric cancer at Fujita Health University Hospital. METHODOLOGY: Between 1989 and 2004, 18 patients underwent hepatectomy for liver metastases from gastric cancer. The patients consisted of 16 men and 2 women and their ages ranged from 51-76 (median 64) years. Hepatic resection was indicated for patients with synchronous metastases who did not have peritoneal dissemination or any other distant metastases (11 patients), and patients with metachronous metastases who did not have any other recurrent lesions (7 patients). RESULTS: Overall survival rate for 1, 2, 3, and 5 years are 56.3, 36.5, 27.3, and 27.3%, respectively. Although the 5-year survival rate was considerable, an early and rapid decrease of survival rate occurred in the first 1-2 years (compared with the colorectal patients). Univariate analysis showed serosal invasion and lymphatic invasion of the primary tumor as significant prognostic factors for survival. CONCLUSIONS: Surgical resection for liver metastases of gastric cancer is thought to be beneficial for small part of the patients. For other patients, the procedure may only provide the limited beneficial effects on survival.     

Prognostic factors of young patients with colon cancer after surgery

AIM: To investigate the prognostic factors of 96 young patients with colon cancer within a cancer center by univariate and multivariate analysis. METHODS: A total of 723 patients with colon cancer were treated surgically during a period of 10 years. Ninty six of them were 40 years old or younger. R0, R1 and R2 operations were performed in 69 (71.9%), 4 (4.1%) and 23 patients (24%), respectively. Left hemicolectomy was performed in 43 patients, right hemicolectomy in 37 patients, transverse colon resection in 9 patients and low anterior resection in 7 patients. Cox multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of survival. RESULTS: The operation mortality was 0%, 54 patients died within 111 mo after operation due to occurrence or metastases of the tumor. Liver, lung and bone metastases occurred in 3, 1 and 5 patients, respectively. The mean survival time for all patients was 77.9±5.01 mo and the overall 3-, 5-and 10- year survival rates were 66.68%, 58.14% and 46.54%, respectively. In the univariate survival analysis, patient age, type of operation, radical resection, blood transfusion, histological type, diameter of tumor, depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic invasion, distant metastases, liver metastases and TNM stage were found to be predictors of survival in young patients with colon cancer. In the Cox-regression analysis, blood transfusion and lymphatic invasion were determined as independent prognostic factors of survival. CONCLUSIONS: Age, type of operation, radical resection, blood transfusion, histological type, diameter of tumor, depth of tumor invasion, lymphatic invasion, distant metastasis and TNM stage are the predictors of survival in young patients with colon cancer after surgery.     

Surgical treatment for better prognosis of patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatic resection is established as the best available treatment for colorectal cancer metastases to the liver, but the optimal procedure for the resection is now controversial. In this study we retrospectively evaluated the influence of the selection of surgical procedures for hepatic resection in determining the prognostic factors. METHODOLOGY: A population of 111 patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer underwent initial and radical hepatic resection. Survival rates as a function of clinical, primary tumor pathologic TNM classification and surgical determinates were examined retrospectively with univariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS: The overall, 1-, 3-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 85.5%, 51.4%, 41.6% and 30.9%, respectively. Patient survival was uncorrelated with any of the following factors: sex, age, temporal relationship, primary tumor site, tumor stage, pathological depth, pathological vascular invasion, pathological lymphatic invasion and pathological lymph node metastases of the primary tumor, maximum diameter of liver lesions, intrahepatic distribution patterns, type of hepatectomy, and number of hepatectomies. However, the number of liver tumors and the tumor-free margins were significantly associated with good prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: Safe hepatectomy with adequate tumor-free margins leads to a better prognosis.     

结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者原发灶切除的预后分析

目的 原发灶切除能否使结直肠癌肝转移患者生存获益,目前仍有争议.本研究探讨接受原发灶切除结直肠癌肝转移患者的生存状况及预后的影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2010年1月～2018年2月在国家癌症中心/中国医学科学院肿瘤医院治疗的371例结直肠癌同时性肝转移患者的病例资料.根据治疗方式分为单纯化疗组和原发灶切除组,分析两组患...     

Sum of the longest diameters of metastatic liver tumors is a possible new prognostic factor after hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although the size and number of the metastatic liver tumors have been considered to be prognostic factors after hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases, the importance of these parameters is still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of the new factor, namely, the sum of longest diameters of the metastatic liver tumors (SLD). METHODOLOGY: The medical records of 59 patients who had undergone hepatic resection for colorectal liver metastases were abstracted and these patients were completely followed-up. RESULTS: The overall 5-year survival rate after hepatectomy was 38.5%, and median survival time was 25.9 months. The significant prognostic factors by the univariate analysis were the extents of vessel permeation and lymph node metastasis of primary colorectal carcinoma, the presence of extrahepatic metastasis, the longest diameter and SLD of the liver tumor, surgical margin of the liver, and the serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen. Multivariate analysis showed that SLD (P=0.026) and extrahepatic distant organ metastasis (P=0.008) were the independent prognostic factor. CONCLUSIONS: SLD is a useful and significant predictor for survival after hepatectomy in patients with colorectal liver metastases.     

CA19-9 as the most significant prognostic indicator of metastatic colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in Taiwan. We became interested in searching for the factors predictive of survival. Serum CA19-9 (carbohydrate antigen 19-9) level has been reported as a factor predictive of survival in patients with colorectal cancer. A few articles have reported that patients with metastatic colorectal cancer who have normal (< or = 37 U/mL) serum CA19-9 levels survived significantly longer than those with higher serum CA19-9 levels. However, these reports are contradictory and lack definite conclusions. This study was carried out in an effort to evaluate the prognostic significance of serum CA19-9 levels in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer in Taiwan. METHODOLOGY: Between 1991 and 1994, a total of 128 patients with histologically confirmed metastatic colorectal cancers were evaluated retrospectively at Veterans General Hospital-Taipei. All patients had measurable metastatic lesions and life expectancies of more than 3 months. 5-Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy, either in a weekly bolus regimen or a monthly 5-day bolus schedule, were administered to all of them. Data on age, sex, performance status, location of primary tumor, extent of metastases, site of metastases, histological differentiation, serum CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) and CA19-9 levels were analyzed before chemotherapy to determine their association with survival. Blood samples for CEA and CA19-9 measurement were analyzed using the radioimmunoassay method. Multivariate analysis by the Cox's proportional hazards regression model was performed to determine independent prognostic factors among all of the possible variables. RESULTS: By univariate analysis, serum CA19-9 levels (P < 0.001) and performance status of the patients (P = 0.022) were identified as prognostic factors, while age, sex, location of primary tumor, site of metastasis, histological differentiation, and pre-treatment serum CEA levels were not considered significant. By multivariate analysis, serum CA19-9 levels (P < 0.001) and performance status of the patients (P = 0.014) were still found as independent prognostic factors of these patients. CONCLUSIONS: The data from our study indicate that serum CA19-9 level is the most significant prognostic indicator of patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. It is recommended that stratification for further clinical trials for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer should be carried out according to serum CA19-9 levels.     

癌胚抗原在结直肠癌淋巴结微转移检测中的应用

目的 探讨Ⅰ和Ⅱ期结直肠癌术后病理因素及淋巴结微转移对术后5年无瘤生存率的影响.方法 Ⅰ和Ⅱ期结直肠癌患者共126例,均行结直肠癌根治术.每例结直肠癌患者的淋巴结数平均为16枚(10～28枚),用癌胚抗原(CEA)指标对所有淋巴结进行免疫组化染色.统计分析临床病理因素及微转移对术后5年无瘤生存率的影响.结果 术后平均随访64.11(64～106)个月.淋巴管侵犯和肿瘤侵袭深度与淋巴结的CEA表达呈正相关,而其他临床病理因素与淋巴结CEA表达无明显相关性.10项临床病理因素对5年无瘤生存率的影响差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).淋巴结CEA表达阴性、孤立肿瘤细胞巢和微转移患者的5年无瘤生存率分别为75.4%、68.2%和46.2%.孤立肿瘤细胞巢患者与CEA阴性患者5年无瘤生存率比较差异无统计学意义(P=0.245).微转移患者与CEA阴性患者比较,前者5年无瘤生存率明显较低(P=0.003).结论 对于Ⅰ和Ⅱ期结直肠癌,若淋巴结中检测到微转移,其预后较差,术后复发率较高,应予以积极的术后辅助化学治疗.     

Factors predicting long-term survival in colorectal cancer patients with a normal preoperative serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine which clinicopathological factors influenced the long-term survival after potentially curative resection of colorectal cancer patients with a normal preoperative serum level of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA).

Methods

A total of 1,732 patients who underwent curative surgery for primary nonmetastatic colorectal cancers from 1997 to 2009 were analyzed. Of these patients, 1,128 (65.1 %) had normal level of preoperative CEA (<5 ng/mL). The predicting factors for survival were analyzed.

Results

When the serum CEA cutoff value was set at 2.4 ng/mL (median value), the high CEA groups displayed a higher percentage of older patients, males, large-diameter tumors, advanced T and N categories, and positive perineural invasion, compared to the low CEA groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, T category, N category, number of lymph nodes retrieved, operative method, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, postoperative chemotherapy, and preoperative serum CEA level ≥ 2.4 ng/mL were independent predictors for 5-year overall survival, while tumor location, tumor size, T category, N category, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion were independent predictors for 5-year disease-free survival.

Conclusions

Even if patients with colorectal cancer have a normal preoperative CEA before surgery, CEA may be useful for prognostic stratification using 2.4 ng/mL as the cutoff.