苯那普利逆转SHR大鼠左心室肥厚的量效关系研究

目的探讨长期苯那普利(benazepril)治疗逆转高血压左心室肥厚的作用,其量效关系及与局部肾素-血管紧张素系统(RAS)的关系。方法10周龄的雄性自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)给予三个不同剂量的苯那普利(3、10、30mg．kg-1     

苯那普利逆转SHR大鼠左心室肥厚的量效关系研究

目的 探讨长期苯那普利（ｂｅｎａｚｅｐｒｉｌ）治疗逆转高血压左心室肥厚的作用,其量效关系及与局部肾素－血管紧张素系统（ＲＡＳ）的关系。方法 １０周龄的在一自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）给予三个不同剂量的苯那普利（３、１０、３０ｍｇ．ｋｇ＾－１．ｄ＾－１）口服１６周,性别、年龄配对的ＳＨＲ和Ｗｉｓｔａｒ－Ｋｙｏｔｏ（ＷＫＹ）大鼠作为对照,测量血血压、体重、左心室肥厚的指标,采用放射免疫方法测定左以组织的     

比较苯那普利和坎地沙坦单用或联用对自发性高血压大鼠心肌胶原纤维的影响

目的 比较研究苯那普利和坎地沙坦(均抗高血压药)单用或联用对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌胶原纤维的影响.方法 12周龄SHR给予苯那普利10 mg·kg-1·d-1或坎地沙坦4 mg·kg-1·d-1及半剂量联合治疗,12周后测定血清Ⅰ型前胶原羧基端肽(PICP)、Ⅲ型前胶原氨基端肽水平(PⅢNP)和心肌胶原浓度;用饱和苦味酸-天狼猩红染色,观察心肌纤维化程度;用透射电镜观察心肌胶原超微结构;提取Ⅰ型胶原并进行SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳.结果 苯那普利和坎地沙坦治疗后,血清PICP、PIIINP和心肌组织胶原浓度均明显降低,心肌间质及血管周围胶原均明显减少,SDS-PAGE显示Ⅰ型胶原水平均下调;两药联合应用具有协同作用.结论 苯那普利和坎地沙坦联用对改善高血压心肌胶原纤维总量与性质具有协同作用.     

缬沙坦和苯那普利对自发性高血压大鼠心肌钠泵和钙泵的影响

目的 比较缬沙坦和苯那普利对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌Na+-K+- ATP酶和Ca2+- ATP酶活性的影响.方法将24只雄性14周龄SHR分为生理盐水组、苯那普利 1 mg·kg     

苯那普利及坎地沙坦对自发性高血压大鼠心肌肥厚过程中SMAD蛋白的影响

目的观察自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心肌肥厚程度与转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)、Smad3和Smad7蛋白的表达及苯那普利、坎地沙坦的治疗作用。方法12wk龄SHR连续灌胃给予苯那普利或(和)坎地沙坦,每2wk测定尾动脉压,12wk后检测心脏构型、心脏指数、心肌细胞大小、心肌和血浆AngⅡ含量、心肌中TGF-β1、Smad3和Smad7蛋白的表达。结果SHR血压、心脏指数、心肌细胞大小及心肌组织中TGF-β1、Smad3蛋白明显增加,苯那普利或坎地沙坦治疗均能使上述指标减轻,联合应用具有协同作用,且能降低心肌和血浆AngⅡ含量;苯那普利或坎地沙坦治疗能增加在SHR中表达下降的Smad7蛋白,但两者合用对Smad7表达改善不明显。结论苯那普利和坎地沙坦联合应用对改善自发性高血压大鼠心肌肥厚具有协同作用,可能与调节AngⅡ水平、减少高血压心肌肥厚过程中TGF-β1和Smad3表达有关。     

苯那普利治疗原发性高血压的疗效观察

苯那普利(Benazepril)是非巯基的前体药物,它能被水解成为有活性的苯那普利拉(Benazeprilat)。苯那普利的降血压效果至少与卡托普利、依那普利、氯噻嗪、硝苯地平、尼群地平和心得安相同。在国外,80年代以来应用苯那普利治疗高血压有较多报道,而国内关于这方面的报道却较少。为此,我们曾用苯那普利治疗12例高血压患者,并观察了苯那普利对血压和代谢方面的影响。     

洛沙坦与苯那普利对高血压大鼠左室肥厚的影响

目的 探讨洛沙坦与苯那普利及联合治疗对自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）血压、左室肥厚的影响。方法 ２４只１６周龄的雄性ＳＨＲ大鼠，随机分为洛沙坦（Ｌｏｓ）治疗组（ＳＨＲ－Ｌ），苯那普利（Ｂｅｎ）、治疗组（ＳＨＲ－Ｂ；），洛沙坦与苯那普利联合治疗组（ＳＨＲ－ＢＬ）。治疗１６周。年龄、性别配对的ＳＨＲ和ＷＫＹ大鼠作对照组。测定收缩压、左心室重量，计算心体比。结果 Ｌｏｓ降压作用大于Ｂｅｎ、Ｌｏｓ、Ｂｅｎ逆转     

苯那普利治疗老年原发性高血压22例

22例老年原发性高血压患者采用苯那普利口服5～20mg/日,平均疗程2～4周。结果显示血压控制总有效率达86.36％,对Ⅰ、Ⅱ期高血压疗效好,对Ⅲ期高血压配合小剂量利尿剂或钙离子拮抗剂联合用药亦可获得满意效果。该药每日只服1次即能24小时维持疗效,不良反应少,对心率无影响,对肾脏有保护作用,并且心电图提示心肌缺血的表现有改善。作者认为该药是治疗原发性高血压安全有效的药物。     

缬沙坦与苯那普利降压和逆转左心室肥厚效应的比较

目的比较缬沙坦和苯那普利降压和逆转左心室肥厚的效应。方法将24只自发性高血压大鼠 (SHR)随机分成4组 ,每组6只。其中3组分别灌胃缬沙坦8mg·kg-1、24mg·kg-1和苯那普利1mg·kg-1 ,对照组和6只正常大鼠给生理盐水。结果用苯那普利和缬沙坦后血压均显著降低 (均P<0.01),以缬沙坦 (24mg·kg-1)的降压幅度最大 ,与苯那普利组比有显著差异(P<0.01)。苯那普利组的心肌细胞横径 (TDM )显著低于对照组 (P<0.05) ,缬沙坦 (24mg·kg-1)组的TDM和心脏湿重/体重 (HW/BW )显著低于对照组 (P<0.01),且与苯那普利组比有显著差异 (P<0.05)。结论苯那普利和缬沙坦均具降压和逆转左心室肥厚的作用 ;缬沙坦的作用呈剂量依赖性 ,且降压和逆转左心室肥厚的作用强度并不平行 ;缬沙坦 (24mg·kg-1)逆转左心室肥厚的作用较苯那普利 (1mg·kg-1)强。     

苯那普利与卡托普利治疗原发性高血压的疗效

目的；观察苯那普利与卡托普利治疗原发性高血压病的疗效，方法：采用随机，单盲，平行对照将６０例原发性高血压病患者分苯那普利治疗组（ｎ＝３０）和卡托普利（ｎ＝３０）对照组，观察降压效果。结果：苯那普利与卡托普利两药的降压有效率相似（Ｐ〉０．０５），但前者在控制２４ｈ血压较后者为优，结论：苯那普利半衰期较长，一次ｐｏ即可达到满足降压效果，是一种不良反应少，安全有效的抗高血压病药物。     

银杏内酯B对自发性高血压大鼠左室肥厚及心肌纤维化的影响

目的:观察银杏内酯B对自发性高血压大鼠模型左室肥厚心肌纤维化的影响。方法:选择12周龄雄性SHR大鼠(二级)40只,随机分成4组,每组10只,分别为银杏内酯B大剂量组(YH,120 mg.kg-1.d-1)、银杏内酯B小剂量组(YL,60mg.kg-1.d-1)、氯沙坦组(LOS,30 mg.kg-1.d-1)和SHR大鼠模型对照组(SHR),以及周龄、性别相匹配的Wistar Kyoto(WKY)大鼠10只作为空白对照。每日灌胃给药一次,对照组给等量CMCNa溶液。治疗12周后尾袖法测定动脉血压,称量后处死。计算左室质量与体质量比(LVM/BW)。天狼星红染色,计算机图像分析计算心肌胶原容积分数。结果:给药后,YH、YL组大鼠SBP均明显低于SHR组(P<0.01),YH、YL2组组间比较无显著性差异;YH组大鼠给药前后SBP比较有显著差异(P<0.01),给药后明显低于给药前,而YL组给药前后比较无统计学意义。YH、YL组大鼠心肌胶原纤维含量均明显低于SHR组(P<0.01),YH、YL2组间比较无显著性差异。结论:银杏内酯B可以抑制SHR大鼠的心肌纤维化,改善高血压所致的心肌重塑。     

伊贝沙坦对结缔组织生长因子在自发性高血压大鼠心室肌表达的影响

目的:研究结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)在自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)心脏中的表达及其与高血压心室重构和心肌纤维化的关系,并探讨血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂对其表达的影响以及改善高血压心室重构和心肌纤维可能的作用机制。方法:20只12周龄雄性自发性高血压大鼠随机分为SHR组(n=10)和伊贝沙坦组(n=10),伊贝沙坦组每只大鼠予以伊贝沙坦50mg·kg-1·d-1灌胃,给药12周,同时取10只12周龄雄性京都种Wistar(WKY)大鼠作为对照组,用免疫组化的方法对TGF-β1、CTGF在三组大鼠的左室心肌的分布及表达进行半定量分析;用RT-PCR的方法检测TGF-β1、CTGFmRNA在心肌表达水平;用MASSON染色法观察左室心肌胶原形态,图象分析测量胶原容积分数(CVF)和血管周围胶原面积(PVCA)。结果:(1)左室重量指数(LVI)、CVF、PVCA在SHR组大鼠明显高于WKY组大鼠(P<0.01);相比SHR组,伊贝沙坦组则显著降低(P<0.05)。(2)CTGF主要在血管平滑肌和心肌间质中表达,WKY组在心肌间质中呈弱表达。(3)相关分析表明,CTGF与TGF-β1(r=0.562,P<0.05)的表达呈正相关。(4)CTGF及其mRNA在SHR组左室心肌中的表达较WKY组明显增强(P<0.05),相比SHR组,伊贝沙坦组则明显减少。结论:高血压大鼠心室肌CTGF表达增加,伊贝沙坦对高血压大鼠心室肌CGTF表达具有抑制作用,且能够明显改善高血压心室重构和心肌纤维化,此种作用可能是血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂抑制左室重构改善心肌纤维化新的机制。     

Systemic delivery of adult stem cells improves cardiac function in spontaneously hypertensive rats

1. Heart regeneration after myocardial infarction (MI) can occur after cell therapy, but the mechanisms, cell types and delivery methods responsible for this improvement are still under investigation. In the present study, we evaluated the impact of systemic delivery of bone marrow cells (BMC) and cultivated mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) on cardiac morphology, function and mortality in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) submitted to coronary occlusion. 2. Female syngeneic adult SHR, submitted or not (control group; C) to MI, were treated with intravenous injection of MSC (MI + MSC) or BMC (MI + BM) from male rats and evaluated after 1, 15 and 30 days by echocardiography. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), functional capacity, histology, mortality rate and polymerase chain reaction for the Y chromosome were also analysed. 3. Myocardial infarction induced a decrease in SBP and BMC, but not MSC, prevented this decrease. An improvement in functional capacity and ejection fraction (38 +/- 4, 39 +/- 3 and 58 +/- 2% for MI, MI + MSC and MI + BM, respectively; P < 0.05), as well as a reduction of the left ventricle infarcted area, were observed in rats from the MI + BM group compared with the other three groups. Treated animals had a significantly reduced lesion tissue score. The mortality rate in the C, MI + BM, MI + MSC and MI groups was 0, 0, 16.7 and 44.4%, respectively (P < 0.05 for the MI + MSC and MI groups compared with the C and MI + BM groups). 4. The results of the present study suggest that systemic administration of BMC can improve left ventricular function, functional capacity and, consequently, reduce mortality in an animal model of MI associated with hypertension. We speculate that the cells transiently home to the myocardium, releasing paracrine factors that recruit host cells to repair the lesion.     

Anticardiolipin antibodies in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), stroke-prone SHR and normal Wistar rats

1. Anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) can be detected in the serum of patients with autoimmune disturbances, ischaemic heart disease, myocardial infarction, neurological disorders and other medical conditions. Elevated values of these autoantibodies can be associated with recurrent fetal loss, arterial and venous thrombosis and thrombocytopenia. 2. In the present study, we investigated the presence of ACA in three rat strains, namely normal Wistar rats (WR), spontaneously hypertensive rats Okamoto-Aoki (SHR) and stroke-prone SHR (SHRSP). All animals were examined at four ages: 1, 4, 10 and 12 months of age. Anticardiolipin antibodies were determined by ELISA. 3. Anticardiolipin antibody levels in normal WR, which were used as controls, were lowest at 1 month and increased significantly from the 4th month on. At the prehypertensive age (1 month), ACA levels in SHR and SHRSP were significantly higher compared with control WR, decreased with age and were significantly lower at 4, 10 and 12 months compared with age-matched WR. 4. These differences may be a result of immunological disorders in SHR.     

有氧运动对自发性高血压大鼠心肌纤维化的影响及机制

摘要：目的 观察长期有氧运动对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）心肌纤维化的影响,并探讨调控胶原代谢的信号分 子——转化生长因子-β（1 TGF-β1）、结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）、基质金属蛋白酶2（MMP-2）和组织金属蛋白酶抑制 物-2（TIMP-2）在其中的作用机制。方法 30只雄性SHR随机分为安静对照（SHR-RC）组和有氧运动（SHR-AT） 组,同时将15只Wistar-Kyoto大鼠作为正常血压对照（NC）组。NC组和SHR-RC组动物在鼠笼安静饲养,SHR-AT组 进行24周跑台训练。实验结束后利用无创血压仪测定尾动脉血压,超声心动术检测心脏结构与功能,Masson染色获 取心脏胶原容积分数（CVF）,实时荧光定量 PCR 检测心钠素（ANP）、脑钠素（BNP）和 β-肌球蛋白重链（β-MHC） mRNA表达量,Western blotting检测TGF-β1、CTGF、MMP-2［包括总MMP-2（72 ku）和活化型MMP-2（64 ku）］、TIMP- 2和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）蛋白表达量。结果 与NC组比较,SHR-RC组大鼠心腔扩张同时室壁变薄,心脏 CVF 增加,心功能下降,ANP、BNP 和 β-MHC mRNA 以及 TGF-β1、CTGF、TIMP-2 和 α-SMA 蛋白表达量上调（P＜ 0.05）,活化型MMP-2蛋白表达量以及活化型MMP-2/TIMP-2比值下降（P＜0.05）;与SHR-RC组比较,SHR-AT组心 脏扩张减轻,心脏CVF下降,心功能增强,ANP、BNP和β-MHC mRNA以及α-SMA蛋白表达量下调,活化型MMP-2 蛋白表达量以及活化型 MMP-2/TIMP-2 比值增加（P＜0.05）,而 TGF-β1、CTGF 和 TIMP-2 蛋白表达量无明显变化 （P＞0.05）。结论 长期规律有氧运动能够改善SHR心肌纤维化,并延缓心脏重塑和心力衰竭进程,其机制与胶原 降解增加（但对胶原合成无影响）以及抑制成纤维细胞向成肌纤维细胞分化有关     

Effect of polyphenol-containing azuki bean (Vigna angularis) extract on blood pressure elevation and macrophage infiltration in the heart and kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats

1. Hypertension is a major risk factor for myocardial infarction and renal damage, and it has also been shown to have pro-inflammatory actions that increase the formation of reactive oxygen species. Macrophage infiltration has been suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Azuki beans are known to contain pro-anthocyanidins, a group of polyphenolic bioflavonoids with remarkable radical-scavenging activities in vitro. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of polyphenol-containing azuki bean extract (ABE) on systolic blood pressure (SBP) and macrophage infiltration in the heart and kidney of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). 2. Spontaneously hypertensive rats and control normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were divided into two groups fed either 0 or 0.8% ABE in their diets. Tail SBP and macrophage kinetics in the heart and kidney were examined. 3. The SBP of the SHR group was higher than that of age-matched WKY rats throughout the treatment period. After 8 weeks of treatment, the increased SBP in ABE-treated SHR was significantly less than that in untreated SHR. 4. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-stimulated superoxide (O2-) production was enhanced in the kidney and heart in SHR and WKY rats compared with levels in the absence of NADH or NADPH. The NADPH-stimulated superoxide (O2-) levels in the kidney in untreated SHR was significantly higher than that in untreated WKY rats. The (O2-) levels in ABE-treated SHR were significantly decreased compared with the untreated SHR group. 5. In immunohistochemical analyses, the number of macrophages in the heart and in the glomeruli and tubulointerstitium of the kidney was significantly higher in ABE-untreated SHR than in ABE-untreated WKY rats. Conversely, there was a significant decrease in the number of macrophages in ABE-treated SHR compared with the untreated SHR. There were significant positive correlations between SBP and the number of ED1-positive macrophages in the heart and tubulointerstitial and glomerular areas of the kidney in WKY rats and SHR. 6. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that ABE attenuates the elevation of SBP and macrophage infiltration in the heart, as well as in the glomeruli and tubulointerstitium of the kidney, in our SHR model.     

缬沙坦、依那普利、普萘洛尔对未成年自发性高血压大鼠心脏重塑与心肌细胞凋亡的影响

目的 观察缬沙坦、依那普利、普萘洛尔对未成年自发性高血压大鼠心脏重塑与心肌细胞凋亡的影响及二者的关系,探讨预防性药物干预改善高血压心脏重塑的机制以及心肌细胞凋亡的变化在高血压病早期心脏重塑中的作用和意义。方法 24只4周龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR),按随机区组设计分为4组,分别应用缬沙坦(30mg·kg-1·d-1)、依那普利(30mg·kg-1·d-1)和普萘洛尔(50mg·kg-1·d-1)干预4周,另设一组为对照组。计算心肌重量指数(CPI)、左心室肥厚指数(LVHI)和右心室肥厚指数(RVHI)。采用末端脱氧核糖核苷酸转移酶介导的带荧光的dUTP缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)对左心室游离壁心肌的凋亡细胞进行检测并进行半定量分析,计算心肌细胞凋亡指数(CMAI)。结果 (1)与对照组比较,依那普利和缬沙坦组CPI和LVHI明显下降(P<0.01),CMAI显著升高(P<0.01)。普萘洛尔组CMAI明显升高(P<0.05),CPI和LVHI呈下降趋势但未达到统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)未成年SHR LVHI与CPI呈显著正相关(tr-10.856,r=0.918,P<0.001),CPI、LVHI与CMAI呈显著负相关(前者tr=3.917,r=-0.641,P<0.001;后者tr=4.716,r=-0.709,P<0.001)。结论 (1)未成年SHR即存在心肌细胞增生与凋亡的调节失衡,结果导致心脏重量增加,出现心脏重塑。(2)缬沙坦、依那普利、普萘洛尔对未     

Comparative effects of tramadol on vascular reactivity in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of tramadol on vascular reactivity in aortic rings from Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Aortic rings, with or without endothelium, were obtained from male WKY rats and SHR (15-20 weeks old) and prepared for isometric tension recording. Aortic rings were precontracted with phenylephrine (10 micromol/L) or 40 mmol/L KCl and then exposed to cumulative concentrations of tramadol (0.1-1 mmol/L). Tramadol produced a concentration-dependent relaxation of precontracted aortic rings from WKY rats and SHR, which was not dependent on functional endothelium. Vascular relaxation was significantly greater in rings from SHR than WKY rats. The concentration of tramadol necessary to produce a 50% reduction of the maximal contraction to phenylephrine (IC(50)) in rings with and without endothelium from SHR was 0.47 +/- 0.08 and 0.44 +/- 0.03 mmol/L, respectively (P = 0.76). Tramadol attenuated the contracture elicited by Ca2+ in depolarized tissue, suggesting that it may inhibit L-type Ca2+ channels. However, pretreatment with nicardipine (1 micromol/L) prevented the relaxation induced by tramadol in aortic rings from WKY rats and partially reduced its inhibitory effect in aortic rings from SHR. 6. Pretreatment of endothelium-denuded aorta with glybenclamide (3 micromol/L), 4-aminopyridine (3 mmol/L), tetraethylammonium (3 mmol/L) and naloxone (100 micromol/L) did not affect tramadol-induced vasodilation of aortic rings from either WKY rats or SHR. Intravenous administration of tramadol (10 mg/kg) to conscious SHR significantly reduced both systolic and diastolic blood pressure from 171.4 +/- 5.3 to 129.3 +/- 5.3 (P = 0.002) and from 125.0 +/- 6.5 to 57.8 +/- 8.9 mmHg (P = 0.003), respectively.     

Effect of Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame) on the development of cerebrovascular diseases in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats

1. We showed that a nutritional factor was able to attenuate the development of hypertension and its related diseases in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). In the present study, the effect of Wakame, an edible brown seaweed, on the development of stroke was examined in SHRSP. 2. We studied the treatment with 5% (w/w in a diet) Wakame powder in salt-loaded (0.5% NaCl in drinking water) SHRSP. Salt-loaded animals treated with 5% cellulose or kaolin were used as controls. Wakame significantly delayed the development of stroke signs (P < 0.05) and significantly improved the survival rate of salt-loaded SHRSP (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the elevation of blood pressure among the three groups during the observation period. 3. We isolated fucoxanthin, a carotinoid, from Wakame powder and studied its preventive effect on ischaemic cultured neuronal cell death. Fucoxanthin significantly attenuated neuronal cell injury in hypoxia and re-oxygenation (P < 0.05). 4. Based on these results, we conclude that Wakame has a beneficial effect on cerebrovascular diseases in SHRSP, independent of hypertension. It is possible that fucoxanthin in Wakame may have a preventive effect against ischaemic neuronal cell death seen in SHRSP with stroke.