I think I have a good idea: what do I do with it?

The orthopaedic device industry is an ever changing market, often guided by creative surgeons who have the common goal of creating a solution to a problem. While being a surgeon-inventor can be both a challenging and rewarding process, there are several steps that the individual must follow to create intellectual property. This article serves as a guide to the novice surgeon-inventor; intended to be used as an early stage reference for those interested in taking their "solution to a problem" to the device industry.     

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??The radioiodine therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer LI Ya-ming. Department of Nuclear Medicine, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Abstract The radioiodine treatment for thyroid diseases has a history of nearly 70 years. The combined treatment of thyroidectomy, radioiodine therapy and TSH suppression has become the acknowledged effective method for differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) management, which is playing a more and more important role in the clinical practice. With intensive study of the disease and the accumulation of clinical experience, the further understanding about the necessity, indication, implementation approach, clinical application and instruction of radioiodine treatment for DTC has been gotten.     

131I治疗甲状腺癌

^131Ⅰ是碘的放射性同位素，甲状腺是其功能性靶组织。^131Ⅰ能放出γ（3％）、β（95％）射线，β射线在组织内射程为2～4mm，平均能量为191 keV，此能量达到一定剂量，足以使细胞内DNA变性、坏死，直至细胞死亡。^131Ⅰ主要用在治疗甲状腺癌残余灶、转移灶、Graves甲亢、Plummer甲亢等。     

Borrmann I ��θ���ٴ������ص㼰Ԥ�����

??Study on clinicopathological features and prognostic factors in Borrmann type I gastric cancer HUANG Bao-jun, XU Hui-mian. Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China
Corresponding author: XU Hui-mian, E-mail: xuhuimian@126.com.
Abstract Objective To study the clinicopathological features and prognostic factors in Borrmann type I gastric cancer. Methods A retrospective analysis of gastric cancer database from 1980 to 2006, at the Department of Surgical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University was performed. A total of 110 patients with Borrmann type I were selected, followed up and analyzed. Results Among all the patients, 89 patients were male, 21 patients were female. 63 with tumor size more than 6.0 cm, 68 with massive or nested growth pattern. A total of 62 patients were with positive lymph node metastasis. According to 7th UICC/TNM stage, there were 21 patients in N1, 22 patients in N2, and 19 patients in N3. Twenty-three patients were in level I, 34 in level II, and 5 in leveal III/M based on JGC/N stage. Gender and lymphatic/venous invasion were independent factors on lymph node metastasis by uni- and multivariate analysis. Gender, depth of tumor invasion, radical degree and JGC node classification were the independent prognostic factors??P??0.05??. Conclusion There are relatively independent clinicopathological features in Borrmann type I gastric cancer. The more lymph node metastasis and poorer prognosis are observed in female patients.     

草酸钙结石形成对肾组织bikunin和IαI表达的影响

目的研究肾草酸钙结石形成对肾组织bikunin基因和间α胰蛋白酶抑制物(IαI)蛋白表达的影响,探讨bikunin在尿结石形成中的意义。方法诱导实验性大鼠肾草酸钙结石模型,收集结石大鼠、正常大鼠、临床肾结石和非结石患者每组各8例的肾组织标本。采用免疫组化、逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和计算机图像分析技术分别检测所有大鼠和人肾组织中bikuninmRNA和IαI蛋白的表达水平。结果正常大鼠和非结石患者肾组织均存在bikuninmRNA和IαI蛋白的表达。肾草酸钙结石形成后,结石大鼠肾组织IαI蛋白的灰度值和bikuninmRNA的相对表达水平分别为198.43±15.17、0.70±0.14;肾结石患者肾组织IαI蛋白的灰度值和bikuninmRNA的相对表达水平分别为263.25±17.41、1.27±0.13,分别和对照组相比,均显著增加(P<0.05)。结论Bikunin作为构成IαI的轻链结构,在肾草酸钙结石形成后,bikuninmRNA的表达迅速增强,提示机体通过肾脏合成更多的bikunin来抑制肾草酸钙结石的形成。     

载脂蛋白B基因Xba I和EcoR I位点稀有等位基因与胆石症的关系

目的探讨载脂蛋白B基因XbaI、EcoRI位点稀有等位基因与内蒙古中西部地区汉族和蒙古族胆石症人群的相关性。方法收集2010年4—10月包头医学院第一附属医院100例胆石症患者（结石组）及同期行健康体检的115例正常人（对照组）的临床资料,采用病例对照研究方法和聚合酶链反应一限制性片断长度多态性（PCR—RFLP）技术,检测和分析内蒙古中西部地区的汉族和蒙古族结石组和对照组血样的载脂蛋白B基因XbaI、EcoRI多态性,包括XbaI位点的x±x±、x±X-、X—X一基因型及等位基因x-、x±（稀有等位基因）;EcoRI位点的E±E±、E±E-、E—E一基因型及等位基因E±、E-（稀有等位基因）。检测各组的血脂水平,包括TG、TC、HDL和LDL。计数资料行疋。检验,计量资料行t检验。结果汉族人群与蒙古族人群均无X±x±基因型,且蒙古族人群中亦未发现稀有等位基因X±和E-的存在。在汉族人群中,结石组LDL为（2．8±0．9）mmol／L,显著高于对照组的（1．9±0．8）mmol／L（t=2．800,P〈0．05）;蒙古族人群中,结石组HDL、LDL分别为（1．74-0．3）mmol／L、（3．5±0．8）mmol／L,显著高于对照组的（1．2±0．3）mmol／L、（2．8±0．9）mmol／L（t：7．596,2．549,P〈0．05）。蒙古族人群中,结石组TG、TC、HDL、LDL分别为（3．1±1．6）mmol／L、（5．6±1．0）mmol／L、（1．7±0．3）mmol／L、（3．5±0．8）mmol／L,均显著高于汉族结石组的（1．2±0．6）mmol／L、（4．4±1．2）mmol／L、（1．3±0．3）mmol／L、（2．8±0．9）mmol／L（t=5．501,3．667,4．448,3．430,P〈0．05）。蒙古族对照组TG、TC、LDL分别为（2．6±1．7）mmol／L、（5．1±1．1）mmol／L、（2．8±0．9）mmol／L,均显著高于汉族对照组的（1．3±0．7）mmol／L、（3．9±0．9）mmol／L、（1．9±0．8）mmol／L（t=4．298,4．772,3．888,P〈0．05）,而HDL则在汉族对照组中较高（t=1．997,P〈0．05）。汉族结石组x±x-、x-x-基因型LDL水平分别为（2．7±0．1）mmol／L和（2．6±1．0）mmol／L,E±E±、E±E-／E—E-分别为（2．6±1．0）mmol／L和（2．5±0．4）mmol／L,组内比较,差异无统计学意义（t=0．225,0．124。P〉0．05）。结论在内蒙古中西部地区,蒙古族人群可能比汉族人群容易患胆石症,但载脂蛋白B基因XbaI和EeoRI位点稀有等位基因x±和E一与血脂水平增高未见关联,可能与胆石症发生无关。     

King I型脊柱侧凸

ＫｉｎｇＩ型脊柱侧凸袁泽农肖子范于夕欣门士军张强作者自１９８０年开展Ｈａｒｉｎｇｔｏｎ手术治疗脊柱侧凸以来，共收治１６０余例，其中确定且资料较完整的ＫｉｎｇＩ型脊柱侧凸患者１１例，部分为外院手术者。回顾分析如下：１临床资料男４例，女７例；右胸凸...     

125I放射性粒子治疗胰腺癌

目的分析125I放射性粒子组织间永久植入治疗胰腺癌的效果。方法回顾分析采用胆肠Roux-en-Y吻合旁路手术加125I放射性粒子组织间永久植入治疗的10例进展期胰腺癌患者的临床资料。结果术后4个月内CT观察9例胰腺肿瘤显著缩小,患者腹痛、腰背部疼痛症状均有不同程度地缓解或消失,平均生存期为(12.7±7.80)个月,超过进展期胰腺癌平均6～10个月的生存期。结论该治疗方法可以显著提高进展期胰腺癌患者的生存和生活质量。     

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??Radioactive iodine-131 therapy of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma LIN Yan-song??YANG Xue. Department of Nuclear Medicine??Peking Union Medical College Hospital??Beijing 100730, China
Corresponding author??LIN Yan-song??E-mail??linys@pumch.cn
Abstract Radioactive iodine-131??131I?? therapy is an effective modality of adjuvant therapy after total thyroidectomy or near-total thyroidectomy for thyroid microcarcinoma??TMC??. Most lesions are confined to the thyroid without other risk factors. However??a minority of lesions present aggressive characteristics such as extrathyroidal extension??cervical lymph node involvement and distant metastasis. Therefore??the decision-making recommendations for papillary thyroid carcinoma??PTC?? with tumor diameter larger than 1 cm are not appropriate to be applied directly to TMC. In addition??because of the lack of large-scale??prospective??multicenter clinical research evidence??131I therapy even the extent of surgery for TMC is still controversial. TMC especially PTMC patients with coexistent or multiple invasive features (such as multifocility, pathological subtype such as tall cell or solid subtype and moleculer characteristics such as BRAF mutation) should be particularly paid attention during the risk reassessment before 131I therapy. Both pathological characteristics and postoperative dynamic risk stratification should be considered during risk assessment before 131I therapy. Throglobulin (Tg) especially preablative stimulated Tg is a pivotal marker for predicting disease-free status, disease persistence and distant metastasis. It would never be too cautious to emphasize that 131I therapy decision-making should be made in terms of different risk through considerable assessment.     

甲状腺微小癌131I治疗

131I治疗是甲状腺微小癌（TMC）行全或近全甲状腺切除术后的有效辅助手段。TMC大部分局限于甲状腺内,无其他风险因素,仅小部分TMC呈现甲状腺外侵犯、颈部淋巴结转移甚至远处转移等侵袭性特征。故关于肿瘤直径＞1 cm的甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）的治疗推荐并不完全适用于TMC。而且,由于缺乏大规模、前瞻性、多中心临床研究证据,TMC的术后131I治疗尚存在争议。在TMC尤其是PTMC的131I治疗前风险评估中,应注意多灶性、高柱状及实性等病理亚型以及BRAF基因突变等分子特征对PTMC侵袭性的影响;须重点关注存在两个以上侵袭特征的病人。在131I治疗前评估中应纳入病理特征及术后动态评估的概念,甲状腺球蛋白（Tg）尤其是131I治疗前刺激性Tg是131I治疗前反映肿瘤的无病状态或疾病持续状态乃至远处转移的重要血清学指标。强调在评估基础上依据不同风险决策131I治疗。