脱细胞异体真皮加自体刃厚皮复合移植在创面修复中的临床应用

目的 寻找功能部位深度烧伤创面与瘢痕畸形修复的理想覆盖材料.方法将功能部位的深度烧伤创面和瘢痕切除后,创面行脱细胞异体真皮+自体刃厚皮复合移植.结果 25例患者复合皮全部成活,复合皮光滑柔软,局部弹性好,关节功能恢复良好.结论脱细胞异体真皮+自体刃厚皮是功能部位创面修复的理想覆盖材料.     

异种脱细胞真皮基质覆盖自体微粒皮治疗大面积深度烧伤疗效观察

目的：观察异种脱细胞真皮基质覆盖自体微粒皮治疗大面积深度烧伤的临床疗效。方法对46例大面积深度烧伤患者采用早期切（削）痂术,创面行自体微粒皮移植加异种（猪）脱细胞真皮基质敷料治疗,观察脱细胞真皮基质变化以及创面修复情况。结果术后异种脱细胞真皮基质敷料与创面贴敷良好,未见明显溶解脱落;3～4周逐渐脱水干燥,自体微粒皮成活并扩展,异种脱细胞真皮基质敷料与创面逐步分离,直至创面愈合脱落。术后2个月,创面愈后外观、弹性较好,瘢痕增生轻。结论异种脱细胞真皮基质覆盖自体微粒皮治疗大面积深度烧伤疗效较好。     

复合皮移植治疗功能部位深度烧伤39例临床观察

应用脱细胞真皮基质加自体表皮复合移植修复切痂后烧伤创面39例。结果复合皮移植后皮片成活率94％，供、受皮区仅有轻度瘢痕，皮肤外观、弹性及肢体功能恢复良好。认为应用脱细胞真皮基质加自体表皮复合移植修复功能部位获得了类似于中厚皮移植的效果，节省了自体皮源，供皮区损伤小、恢复快，瘢痕轻。     

人工真皮联合自体薄层皮片移植修复难愈性创面的疗效观察

目的：观察人工真皮联合自体薄层皮片移植（简称复合皮移植）修复难愈性创面的疗效。方法选取住院的各种难愈性创面患者30例,均存在各种原因导致的不同程度和部位皮肤软组织缺损创面,部分病例伴有肌肉、肌腱、骨外露。一期清创后移植人工真皮,2～3周后局部肉芽组织生长良好,外露肌腱和骨组织被类真皮组织覆盖,二期移植自体薄层皮片。观察人工真皮和自体薄层皮片（复合皮）移植成活率、瘢痕增生、色素沉着和关节活动度等情况,综合评价人工真皮联合自体薄层皮片移植修复难愈性创面的临床效果。结果30例患者人工真皮移植后成活25例,成活率为83.3％;5例溶解失活,原因为局部感染4例,局部固定不良1例。存活的25例人工真皮联合自体薄层皮片移植成活率达100.0％。25例出院后均随访2～6个月,复合皮生长良好,光滑有弹性,无明显瘢痕增生,少量皮肤色泽改变;供皮部位恢复良好,无瘢痕增生,部分患者有少量色素改变。结论人工真皮联合自体薄层皮片移植修复难愈性创面,复合皮移植成活率高,创面愈合质量好,成活后的复合皮部位和供皮区瘢痕增生轻微,关节功能恢复良好,方法简便,为难愈性创面的修复提供了新选择。     

人工真皮和自体皮移植修复肌腱外露创面的研究

目的了解人工真皮联合自体皮移植修复肌腱外露创面的可行性并评价其治疗效果。方法选择23例住院患者肌腱外露创面,进行人工真皮联合自体皮修复,手术方法为Ⅰ期创面扩创,移植人工真皮,2～3周人工真皮血管化良好,外露肌腱完全被类真皮组织覆盖后,再行Ⅱ期手术,移植自体皮片。结果 23例患者肌腱外露创面被有效覆盖修复,人工真皮血管化良好,移植自体皮成活良好,未见明显瘢痕形成,供皮区亦未见明显瘢痕形成。结论人工真皮和自体皮移植修复肌腱外露创面,简便可靠,愈合创面耐磨性高,供皮区损伤轻,为肌腱外露的修复提供了一个较好的方法。     

脱细胞异体真皮治疗巨大瘢痕疙瘩1例

患者男 ,36岁 ,因背部、右肩部瘢痕疙瘩 10个月入院。患者曾因车祸伤在外院行刃厚皮移植手术 ,治愈后瘢痕增生明显 ,影响外观及活动功能。查体见背部、右肩部广泛性瘢痕疙瘩 ,质韧 ,背部两处粘连瘢痕疙瘩面积分别为 18cm× 30 cm、10 cm× 2 1cm,右肩部瘢痕疙瘩面积为 11cm× 18cm。患者入院后完善各项准备工作 ,瘢痕创面每日用碘伏擦拭 2次 ,以彻底清除可能引起感染的细菌。全麻下行背部、右肩部瘢痕疙瘩切除 +脱细胞异体真皮移植 +异体皮覆盖术。沿瘢痕组织边缘彻底切除至基底健康组织 ,充分止血 ,分别用新洁尔灭、抗生素生理盐水冲洗 ,将…     

脱细胞异体真皮加自体刃厚皮复合移植术的围手术期护理

目的 总结脱细胞异体真皮加自体刃厚皮复合移植在创面修复术的围手术期护理经验.方法 对25例患者行术前护理并对其及其亲属行相关术前指导,严格无菌操作,术中密切和正确配合,手术后加强护理.结果 经过精心护理,25例患者手术均获成功,无严重并发症发生.结论 良好的围手术期护理是手术成功的关键.     

脱细胞异体真皮基质的制备及临床应用

为寻求深度烧伤、瘢痕切除等良好的创面覆盖物,用十二烷酸钠(SDS)、胰蛋白酶等消化处理新鲜尸体皮,制成含基底膜的异体脱细胞真皮支架(allo-ADM)),并作组织学等检测和临床复合移植。结果显示allo-ADM具有无细胞、无细菌、胶原排列整齐等特点。二步法和一步法复合移植成活率分别为100％和85％,成活后创面功能好,颜色略加深,表面光滑,触软,提示allo-ADM是覆盖烧伤创面、瘢痕切除创面的较理想材料。     

无细胞真皮基质(ADM)治疗小儿巨大毛细血管瘤的手术配合

血管瘤是一组常见的疾病。以组织学结构与临床表现为基础的形态学分类,血管瘤可分为毛细血管型血管瘤、海绵状血管瘤、混合型血管瘤及蔓状血管瘤;毛细血管型血管瘤又可分为葡萄酒色斑与草莓状血管瘤。自1998年以来,我院应用无细胞真皮基质一期覆盖血管瘤切除后的创面,二期应用自体刃厚皮片移植于无细胞真皮基质上,治疗巨大毛细血管瘤患者16例,效果满意。现报告如下。1 临床资料1.1 一般资料 本组16例,男9例,女7例;年龄6个月～7岁。均经病理诊断为毛细血管瘤。血管瘤主     

复合皮移植治疗重症烧伤后瘢痕增生30例效果观察

自2000年以来，我们采用脱细胞异体真皮与自体表皮混合移植治疗重症烧伤后瘢痕增生30例，取得较好疗效。现报告如下。     

胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点分析

目的胰岛素瘤是最常见的胰腺神经内分泌肿瘤，因其临床表现多样，导致诊断困难。影像学诊断尤其是超声内镜(EUS)在胰岛素瘤的诊断中起着重要作用，拥有较高的敏感性和特异性。本研究拟通过明确胰岛素瘤的解剖分布特点，以期有助于提高影像学的诊断准确率和降低漏诊率，尤其是在教育和培训实践中对于EUS的学习者更具有指导价值。 方法回顾性分析解放军总医院第一医学中心病案资料数据库1993年1月至2019年11月经外科手术、病理确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者的临床资料，检索方法采取搜索术后病理诊断为"胰岛素瘤"的病例，通过查阅病例的方法，提取出胰岛素瘤的大小和解剖分布等数据，进一步分析其特点。 结果共检索到确诊为胰岛素瘤的患者116例，其中，男45例、女71例，年龄13～76岁，平均年龄(44.4±14.85)岁。胰岛素瘤单发110例(94.8%)、多发6例(5.2%)。位置分布：头颈部46例(39.7%)，单发45例、多发1例；体尾部68例(58.6%)，单发65例、多发3例；全胰腺多发2例(1.7%)。病变大小特点：最大径0.4～3.4 cm，平均大小(1.53±0.58)cm。≤1 cm 29例、>1 cm而≤1.5 cm41例、>1.5 cm而≤2.0 cm28例，≤3 cm 15例，>3 cm 3例。年龄与肿瘤的大小相关，≤44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.36±0.51)cm、>44岁患者肿瘤平均大小为(1.70±0.60)cm，P<0.05。头颈部的肿瘤大于体尾部的肿瘤，头颈部肿瘤平均大小(1.66±0.63)cm，体尾部(1.42±0.52)cm，P<0.05。 结论胰岛素瘤在胰腺体尾部较头颈部更好发；绝大多数单发，但可以全胰腺多发；多数小于1.5 cm，肿瘤的大小与患者年龄和肿瘤的解剖分布相关。     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7?, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20?, MUC2?). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

Demonstration of the mechanism of action of biguanides

Summary Palmitic acid oxidation in rat diaphragm homogenate is depressed by biguanide concentrations that are still incapable of inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. Glucose oxidation is not directly effected by the same biguanide concentrations: however, the inhibitory effect of palmitic acid on glucose oxidation is partly removed by biguanides. Inhibition of fatty acid oxidation, which accounts for most of the metabolic effects caused by these drugs, can be regarded as the fundamental mechanism of action of biguanides. There is some evidence suggesting that these drugs might interact with carnitine, thus preventing long-chain fatty acids from being transported across the mitochondrial membrane to the site of oxidation. Traduzione a cura degli AA.     

Lack of correlation of degree of villous atrophy with severity of clinical presentation of coeliac disease

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Both the clinical presentation and the degree of mucosal damage in coeliac disease vary greatly. In view of conflicting information as to whether the mode of presentation correlates with the degree of villous atrophy, we reviewed a large cohort of patients with coeliac disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We correlated mode of presentation (classical, diarrhoea predominant or atypical/silent) with histology of duodenal biopsies and examined their trends over time. RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 499 adults, mean age 44.1 years, 68% females. The majority had silent coeliac disease (56%) and total villous atrophy (65%). There was no correlation of mode of presentation with the degree of villous atrophy (p=0.25). Sixty-eight percent of females and 58% of males had a severe villous atrophy (p=0.052). There was a significant trend over time for a greater proportion of patients presenting as atypical/silent coeliac disease and having partial villous atrophy, though the majority still had total villous atrophy. CONCLUSIONS: Among our patients the degree of villous atrophy in duodenal biopsies did not correlate with the mode of presentation, indicating that factors other than the degree of villous atrophy must account for diarrhoea in coeliac disease.     

血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展

血吸虫童虫是宿主免疫系统攻击的重要靶标,包括皮肤型、肺型和肝门型童虫。宿主分子对童虫生长发育具有重要作用。童虫生长发育机制包括免疫调节、信号转导、性别发育及凋亡等。肌动蛋白、组织蛋白酶、烯醇化酶和葡萄糖基转移酶等分子为血吸虫童虫生长发育的重要分子。本文对血吸虫童虫生长发育及其机制的研究进展做一综述。     

124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌基因突变特征分析

目的对临床分离的耐多药结核分枝杆菌相关基因的突变特征进行分析。方法对124例耐多药结核分枝杆菌以及50株敏感株的耐药相关基因(包括异烟肼inh A、kat G、oxyR-ahp C间隔区以及利福平rpo B)进行序列测定,分析其基因突变情况。结果异烟肼耐药inh A基因突变率为14.5%;kat G基因突变率为70.2%(87/124),主要位于315位;oxyR-ahp C间隔区突变率为15.3%;inh A、kat G两种基因同时突变率75.0%,三种基因同时突变率为89.5%。利福平rpo B基因突变的检出率高达95.2%,突变主要发生在531、526、516位点。结论我省耐多药菌异烟肼耐药相关基因最常见突变为kat G 315、inh A C-T(-15)、axyR-ahp C间隔区(-10)C-T,利福平为rpo B531、526、516。结合MDR-TB耐药相关基因的特征分析,可以建立一种快速、准确、特异的适合于我省的检测结核菌耐多药性的新方法。     

氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性评价

目的评价氯硝柳胺悬浮剂的毒性，为现场大规模应用灭螺提供依据。方法按照中华人民共和国国家标准GB 15670-1995《农药登记毒理学试验方法》和鱼类毒性试验方法进行。结果经口、经皮肤的LDso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000 mg/kg，经呼吸道的LCso雌、雄性大鼠均>5 000mg/m3，该药经口、经皮肤、经呼吸道毒性均属微毒类药物；兔眼用药后，观察期内无不良反应，对眼无刺激性；皮肤用药后对皮肤无刺激性。与氯硝柳胺原药、氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐原药和氯硝柳胺乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂相比，氯硝柳胺悬浮剂对鱼急性毒性最低。结论氯硝柳胺悬浮剂属微毒类药物，对鱼的毒性低于其乙醇胺盐可湿性粉剂，适合于现场应用。     

Assessment of quality of life of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) and the psychological status of parents of children with juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA). The QOL, anxiety and depression of the parents of 28 children with JCA were evaluated and compared to those of the parents of 28 healthy children. Mothers of JCA children and mothers of healthy children reported similar QOL. The reported anxiety and depression levels were similar for mothers and fathers in both groups. The parents of children with pauciarticular-type JCA reported lower QOL and higher levels of anxiety and depression than the parents of children with other types, namely polyarticular and systemic JCA. These findings may be explained by the fact that the pauciarticular patients had shorter disease duration and were less frequently seen in the outpatient clinic. The QOL of mothers of children with JCA was found to be slightly impaired in the group of children with pauciarticular JCA. Future larger studies are needed to confirm these results, as the number of subjects in the three groups was rather low. Received: 26 September 2001 / Accepted: 8 February 2002     

Numerical Simulation of the Effect of Rate of Change of Glucose on Measurement Error of Continuous Glucose Monitors

Background

A 5-day in-patient study designed to assess the accuracy of the FreeStyle Navigator® Continuous Glucose Monitoring System revealed that the level of accuracy of the continuous sensor measurements was dependent on the rate of glucose change. When the absolute rate of change was less than 1 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (75% of the time), the median absolute relative difference (ARD) was 8.5%, with 85% of all points falling within the A zone of the Clarke error grid. When the absolute rate of change was greater than 2 mg•dl⁻¹•min⁻¹ (8% of the time), the median ARD was 17.5%, with 59% of all points falling within the Clarke A zone.

Method

Numerical simulations were performed to investigate effects of the rate of change of glucose on sensor measurement error. This approach enabled physiologically relevant distributions of glucose values to be reordered to explore the effect of different glucose rate-of-change distributions on apparent sensor accuracy.

Results

The physiological lag between blood and interstitial fluid glucose levels is sufficient to account for the observed difference in sensor accuracy between periods of stable glucose and periods of rapidly changing glucose.

Conclusions

The role of physiological lag on the apparent decrease in sensor accuracy at high glucose rates of change has implications for clinical study design, regulatory review of continuous glucose sensors, and development of performance standards for this new technology. This work demonstrates the difficulty in comparing accuracy measures between different clinical studies and highlights the need for studies to include both relevant glucose distributions and relevant glucose rate-of-change distributions.     

Study of constancy of hydrogen-consuming flora of human colon

The constancy of the hydrogen consuming flora of the human colon was studied in 15 healthy subjects via two measurements obtained 18 to 36 months apart. Hydrogen disappearance rate and the major products of H₂-consuming bacteria, methane and sulfide, were measured during incubation of fecal homogenates with excess hydrogen and sulfate. In 11/15, the hydrogen consumption rate and the predominant hydrogen-consuming pathway (methanogenesis, sulfate reduction, or neither) remained constant. However, major shifts in these pathways were observed in four subjects, with two losing and two gaining the ability to produce methane. Methanogenesis was associated with the highest hydrogen consumption rate. This study demonstrates that clinically unrecognizable, major alterations of the colonic flora occur in healthy subjects. Understanding of the factors responsible for these alterations might allow for therapeutic manipulation of the colonic flora.Supported in part by the Department of Veterans Affairs and NIDDKD RO1 DK 13309-25.