靶向性抑制血管内皮生长因子与青光眼治疗

新生血管生成与新生血管性青光眼发生及抗青光眼手术功能性滤泡形成密切相关.而血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是在眼组织新生血管形成过程中起关键作用的因子.以针对性抑制VFGF为目标的"靶向性治疗"是最近青光眼治疗中的新热点.本文主要介绍了VEGF的功能、与青光眼的关系以及近年有关靶向性抑制VEGF在青光眼治疗中的研究.     

血管内皮生长因子拮抗剂治疗眼内新生血管性疾病研究进展

血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelia growth factor,VEGF),是迄今为止鉴定出来最重要的血管生成因子,与新生血管形成和通透性紧密相关。眼内新生血管形成以及与其相伴的渗出、出血、纤维结缔组织增生等一系列病变严重破坏眼的结构和功能,是引起患者视力下降乃至失明的重要原因。近年来,把VEGF作为靶点来治疗眼内新生血管和/或血管通透性增加的疾病已取得突破性进展,多种相关药物已进入临床试验阶段,在短期内显示出良好的安全性和有效性,然而,也应注意到该类治疗潜在的并发症,还应进一步研究以确定其长期的安全性和治疗效果。     

胎盘生长因子在眼新生血管性疾病中的作用

胎盘生长因子(Placental growth factor,PIGF),是血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)家族的成员之一,具有促进滋养细胞增殖、促进新生血管生成、介导免疫及炎症反应、调节造血等生物学作用.PIGF表达于血管内皮细胞,通过自分泌和旁分泌作用调节血管内皮细胞功能,在新生血管形成中起关键作用.PIGF特异性表达于病理性新生血管,在正常血管中不表达,较VEGF更具有特异性,因此抗PlGF治疗有可能成为靶向性治疗眼新生血管性疾病的新方向.     

视网膜新生血管生物药物治疗研究进展

眼内新生血管的发生是许多眼病的病理基础和重要临床表现,而血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是刺激不正常的血管生长以及造成血管壁渗漏的主因,因此抗VEGF靶分子治疗成为当今的研究热点.本文综述了近年来视网膜新生血管生物药物治疗新进展,包括VEGF反义寡聚脱氧核苷酸、VEGF抗体、RNA干扰类药物等.这些方法均显示出令人振奋的效果,但仍需要经过长期、系统的临床试验检验其安全性、有效性.     

血管内皮生长因子 A的选择性剪接与眼内新生血管的生成

眼内新生血管的生成是多种眼病致盲的重要原因.血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF-A)家族是促进眼内新生血管生成的关键因素,其通过调控病理性血管的发生和增加血管的通透性而起作用.VEGF-A依选择性剪接方式的不同,可形成2个蛋白家族,分别是具有促血管生成作用的VEGFxxx家族和具有抗血管生成作用的VEGFxxxb家族.VEGFxxxb家族蛋白在正常眼组织中均有表达,而在糖尿病性视网膜病变患者的眼组织中表达水平降低.VEGF165b是VEGFxxxb家族中最早分离出来且研究最为广泛的分子结构,其可以明显抑制视网膜前新生血管的生成,而对视网膜生理性血管的发生无抑制作用.随着对VEGFxxxb家族研究的逐步深入,选择性剪接调节VEGFxxx与VEGFxxxb两者之间的平衡,可作为糖尿病性视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性等眼内新生血管性疾病的治疗新策略.     

血管内皮生长因子 A的选择性剪接与眼内新生血管的生成

眼内新生血管的生成是多种眼病致盲的重要原因.血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF-A)家族是促进眼内新生血管生成的关键因素,其通过调控病理性血管的发生和增加血管的通透性而起作用.VEGF-A依选择性剪接方式的不同,可形成2个蛋白家族,分别是具有促血管生成作用的VEGFxxx家族和具有抗血管生成作用的VEGFxxxb家族.VEGFxxxb家族蛋白在正常眼组织中均有表达,而在糖尿病性视网膜病变患者的眼组织中表达水平降低.VEGF165b是VEGFxxxb家族中最早分离出来且研究最为广泛的分子结构,其可以明显抑制视网膜前新生血管的生成,而对视网膜生理性血管的发生无抑制作用.随着对VEGFxxxb家族研究的逐步深入,选择性剪接调节VEGFxxx与VEGFxxxb两者之间的平衡,可作为糖尿病性视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性等眼内新生血管性疾病的治疗新策略.     

血管内皮生长因子抑制剂在角膜新生血管治疗中的研究进展

正常角膜是无血管、完全透明的组织,是眼部重要的屈光介质,但许多眼部疾病均可破坏抗血管生成因子与促血管生成因子之间的平衡,导致病理性角膜新生血管(CNV)的形成.大量研究表明,CNV的形成与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)信号通路的激活密切相关.通过多靶点多途径阻断该信号通路可以有效抑制新生血管的形成,为CNV的治疗带来了希望.目前,针对新生血管性眼病的新型靶向治疗策略主要包括VEGF抑制剂和以微小RNA(miRNA)为核心的基因治疗,前者主要包括抗VEGF单克隆抗体、核酸适体、VEGFtrap、VEGF受体(VEGFR)酪氨酸激酶抑制剂等.本文将对具有代表性的抗VEGF药物和基因治疗的作用机制、用药疗效、药物安全性及研究现状进行综述.     

套叠式新生血管在眼内新生血管性疾病的研究进展

套叠式新生血管作为新生血管的一种特殊类型目前正成为新生血管研究的重要方向.套叠式新生血管被证明在眼内新生血管的生成和构建中起不可忽视的作用.不同于出芽式新生血管的发生方式,套叠式新生血管由于不发生血管基底膜的破坏、内皮细胞的增生,因而不会出现渗漏、出血等现象.眼内新生血管性疾病常因反复的渗出、出血、瘢痕形成最终危害视力,套叠式新生血管的发现给眼内新生血管的治疗带来了新的思路.     

血管内皮生长因子与病理性脉络膜新生血管

脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)是造成许多眼底疾病和视力严重下降的主要原因。而血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)与CNV的形成密切相关,VEGF的过度表达将导致CNV形成。抗VEGF治疗能有效抑制CNV形成,从而达到治疗效果。本文就VEGF在眼内的分布及其在病理性CNV生成中的表达,和病理性CNV抗VEGF治疗的研究现状做一综述。     

贝伐单抗在虹膜新生血管治疗中的应用

虹膜新生血管是眼内新生血管的一种表现,血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)是迄今为止鉴定出来最重要的血管生成因子,与新生血管形成和通透性紧密相关。贝伐单抗是人源化的抗VEGF重组鼠单克隆抗体,可与所有已知VEGF异构体结合,通过抑制其生物学活性来抑制新生血管的生成。临床研究此药治疗虹膜新生血管在短期内取得了良好的疗效、且安全可靠。本文就最近几年国内外有关治疗虹膜新生血管疾病的研究进行综述,评估其在虹膜新生血管治疗方面的应用前景。     

Angiogenesis and retinal diseases

Angiogenesis is the process involving the growth of new blood vessels from preexisting vessels which occurs in both physiologic and pathological settings. It is a complex process controlled by a large number of modulating factors, the pro-and antiangiogenic factors. The underlying cause of vision loss in proliferative retinal diseases, such as age-related macular degeneration and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, are increased vascular permeability and choroidal neovascularization, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a central role in this process. VEGF is produced in the eye by retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and is upregulated by hypoxia. There are four major biologically active human isoforms, of which VEGF165 is the predominant in the human eye and appears to be the responsible for pathological ocular neovascularization. Besides being a potent and specific mitogen for endothelial cells, VEGF increases vascular permeability, inhibits endothelial cells apoptosis, and is a chemoattractant for endothelial cell precursors. VEGF is not the only growth factor involved in ocular neovascularization. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), angiopoietins, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), and adhesion molecules also play a role in the pro- and antiangiogenic balance. Advances in the understanding of the bases of pathological ocular angiogenesis and identification of angiogenesis regulators have enabled the development of novel therapeutic agents. Anti-VEGF antibodies have been developed for intravitreal use, and other approaches are currently under investigation. These new drugs may be powerful tools for the treatment of the leading causes of irreversible blindness in people over age 65.     

血管内皮生长因子 A的选择性剪接与眼内新生血管的生成

眼内新生血管的生成是多种眼病致盲的重要原因.血管内皮生长因子A(VEGF-A)家族是促进眼内新生血管生成的关键因素,其通过调控病理性血管的发生和增加血管的通透性而起作用.VEGF-A依选择性剪接方式的不同,可形成2个蛋白家族,分别是具有促血管生成作用的VEGFxxx家族和具有抗血管生成作用的VEGFxxxb家族.VEGFxxxb家族蛋白在正常眼组织中均有表达,而在糖尿病性视网膜病变患者的眼组织中表达水平降低.VEGF165b是VEGFxxxb家族中最早分离出来且研究最为广泛的分子结构,其可以明显抑制视网膜前新生血管的生成,而对视网膜生理性血管的发生无抑制作用.随着对VEGFxxxb家族研究的逐步深入,选择性剪接调节VEGFxxx与VEGFxxxb两者之间的平衡,可作为糖尿病性视网膜病变、年龄相关性黄斑变性等眼内新生血管性疾病的治疗新策略.

Abstract：

Ocular neovascularization is the primary cause of blindness in a wide range of ocular diseases. The vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is the key factor involved in ocular angiogenesis, which can cause eye diseases through the development of pathological angiogenesis and increase of vascular permeability. There are two families of VEGF-A isoforms formed by alternative splicing,the angiogenic VEGF-A family ( VEGFxxx ), known to contribute to ocular neovascularization, and the antiangiogenic VEGF-A family ( VEGFxxx b), which is found in normal ocular tissues but downregulated in human diabetic retinopathy. The first member of the VEGFxxxb family to be isolated was VEGF165b. It can significantly reduce preretinal neovascularization without inhibition of physiological intraretinal angiogenesis.As the studies on the VEGFxxxb family proceed more deeply, controlling the balance of VEGFxxx to VEGFxxxb isoforms may be therapeutically valuable in the treatment of angiogenic eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration.     

血管内皮生长因子-B与眼部新生血管性疾病

异常的新生血管会导致多种眼部疾病,而血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）在新生血管的发生及发展中起重要作用.VEGF-B作为VEGF家族的一员,对血管生成和血管通透性无显著影响,但可通过血管生存作用和细胞凋亡作用对新生血管的生长进行调控,从而抑制新生血管的发生和发展.同时,VEGF-B对心脏和神经元等具有保护作用.抗VEGF治疗作为目前明确有效的治疗新生血管的方法,一直受到广泛关注,而因VEGF-B的两面性,对于抗VEGF-B的药物在治疗眼科新生血管性疾病方面的作用尚需进一步研究.就VEGF-B对机体血管、细胞、神经元及心脏所起的作用及其在眼部新生血管性疾病治疗中的应用进行综述.     

眼部新生血管与抗血管内皮生长因子治疗

眼部新生血管性病变是致盲的主要原因之一,可见于多种眼底疾病,其确切的发病机制尚不完全清楚.大量的研究证据表明血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是新生血管形成的关键调控因子.本文对VEGF的特性、VEGF在眼部新生血管形成中的作用和抗VEGF治疗进行综述.     

可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-2及其对眼新生血管抑制作用的研究进展

新生血管形成是很多重要眼部疾病的共同病理改变,血管内皮生长因子（vascularendo-thelialgrowthfactor,VEGF）是血管生成重要的促进因子。近年来,可溶性血管内皮生长因子受体-2（solubleVEGFreceptor-2,sVEGFR-2）被证实为一种VEGF促血管生成信号转导通路的天然抑制剂。有研究表明,它与眼部新生血管的发生发展密切相关,可作为新生血管性眼病的抑制因子及其血清标志物而具有临床应用价值。本文就sVEGFR-2在抗眼部新生血管中作用的研究进展予以综述。     

Regression of ocular neovascularization in response to increased expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor

PURPOSE: Several pharmacologic treatments have been shown to reduce ocular neovascularization when administered before the onset of angiogenic stimuli, but none have been shown to cause regression of already established ocular neovascularization. In this study, the authors tested the effect of adenoviral vectored pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) gene transfer on established neovascularization in transgenic mice with expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in photoreceptors (rho/VEGF mice) and in a model of choroidal neovascularization. METHODS: Two weeks after the onset of VEGF transgene expression in rho/VEGF mice or 2 weeks after laser-induced rupture of Bruch's membrane in wild-type mice, subgroups of mice were killed, and the baseline amount of neovascularization was measured by image analysis. The remainder of the mice received an intravitreous or subretinal injection of adenoviral vector containing a PEDF expression construct (AdPEDF.11) or control vector (AdNull.11). RESULTS: Seven days after injection in rho/VEGF mice or 10 days after injection in the choroidal neovascularization model, the amount of neovascularization in AdPEDF.11-injected eyes was significantly less than the baseline level, indicating that regression of neovascularization had occurred. There was TUNEL staining within choroidal neovascular lesions in eyes injected with AdPEDF.11. Eyes given a subretinal injection of AdNull.11 had TUNEL-positive cells in the retina, but none within areas of choroidal neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that increased expression of PEDF causes regression of ocular neovascularization by promoting apoptosis of cells within neovascular lesions and possibly represents a new treatment paradigm for patients with established ocular neovascularization.     

抗VEGF药物治疗血管源性眼病的基础与临床研究进展

许多人类血管源性眼病均与血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)有关.近年来玻璃体腔注射抗VEGF药物治疗血管源性眼病逐渐应用于临床,就maeugen,hcentis和avastin三种抗VEGF药物的基础研究、临床应用进展及不良反应情况进行综述,从生物学特性、临床疗效及应用前景等方面分析比较三种药物的共同点与特异性.