红肛门非开腹巨结肠根治术

目的：报告经肛门非开腹先天性巨结肠根治术临床体会。方法：经该术式治疗先天性巨结肠10例。术前行直肠粘膜吸引检查以确诊和X线钡灌肠摄片确定病变范围，短段型3例，常见型7例。齿线上1cm切开直肠粘膜1周，游离直肠粘膜管，直视下游离扩张的直肠近端和乙状结肠，妥善处理肠系膜出血，向上游离达正常结肠，拖出的结肠与直肠切缘全层间隙吻合。结果：全部患儿经肛门完成手术，切除肠管平均长度23.6cm(12-32cm)，平均手术时间112min(90-150min)，术中平均出血量32ml(15-80ml)。1个月内大便成形正常，无手术并发症发现。结论：经肛门非开腹巨结肠根治术适合于新生儿和婴幼儿短段型及常见型巨结肠，手术创伤小，并发症少，效果满意。     

新生儿婴幼儿期先天性巨结肠经肛门拖出术的治疗体会

目的：探讨新生儿婴幼儿期先天性巨结肠的手术方法，并对手术方法进行临床效果评价。方法：对22例已证实的磨擦生儿婴幼儿期先天性常见型、短段型先天性巨结肠行Ⅰ期经肛门先天性巨结肠根治术。方法为在直肠后壁齿状线上1cm，前壁齿状线上2cm环行切开直肠黏膜，向近端游离达腹膜返折后切开直肠浆肌层及腹膜，牵出病变肠段并切除之。正常结肠与肛门处切缘吻合。结果：全组手术顺利，无死亡，无术中、术后短期并发症，平均手术时问130min(120—150min)，平均出血5—20ml，术后随访1—6个月均无排便不良，排便次数2—4次／天。结论：该术式对新生儿婴幼儿期先天性巨结肠常见型、短段型的治疗效果满意，且手术不开腹经肛门拖出并切除病变肠管，创伤小，手术时间短，切口隐蔽，术后并发症少，患者家属易于接受。     

单纯经肛门先天性巨结肠根治术方法探讨

目的报告经肛门非开腹先天性巨结肠根治术临床效果。方法经该术式治疗先天性巨结肠10例。术前行直肠粘膜吸引检查以确诊和X线钡灌肠摄片确定病变范围,短段型3例,常见型7例。齿线上1 cm切开直肠粘膜1周,游离直肠粘膜管,直视下游离扩张的直肠近端和乙状结肠,妥善处理肠系膜血管,向上游离达正常结肠,拖出的结肠与直肠切缘全层间隙吻合。结果全部患儿经肛门完成手术,切除肠管平均长度23.6cm(12-32cm),平均手术时间112 min(90-150min),术中平均出血量32min(15-80 ML)。1个月内大便成形正常,无手术并发症出现。结论经肛门非开腹巨结肠根治术适合于新生儿和婴幼儿短段型及常见型巨结肠,手术创伤小,并发症少,效果满意。     

经肛门Soave拖出术治疗先天性巨结肠35例

经肛门Soave拖出术治疗先天性巨结肠因手术操作简单、损伤小、出血少,术后患儿恢复快,是目前治疗常见型及短段型先天巨结肠的主要手术方法.我院自2002年开展经肛门Ⅰ期Soave拖出术治疗先天性巨结肠以来,共治疗常见型及短段型先天性巨结肠35例,现将其手术要点、疗效及短期随访报告如下.     

经肛门非开腹巨结肠根治术

目的:报告经肛门非开腹先天性巨结肠根治术临床体会.方法:经该术式治疗先天性巨结肠10例.术前行直肠粘膜吸引检查以确诊和X线钡灌肠摄片确定病变范围,短段型3例,常见型7例.齿线上1 cm切开直肠粘膜1周,游离直肠粘膜管,直视下游离扩张的直肠近端和乙状结肠,妥善处理肠系膜血管,向上游离达正常结肠,拖出的结肠与直肠切缘全层间隙吻合.结果:全部患儿经肛门完成手术,切除肠管平均长度23.6 cm(12～32 cm),平均手术时间112 min(90～150 min),术中平均出血量32 ml(15～80 ml).1个月内大便成形正常,无手术并发症出现.结论:经肛门非开腹巨结肠根治术适合于新生儿和婴幼儿短段型及常见型巨结肠,手术创伤小,并发症少,效果满意.     

单纯经肛门先天性巨结肠根治术方法探讨

目的报告经肛门非开腹先天性巨结肠根治术临床效果。方法经该术式治疗先天性巨结肠10例。术前行直肠粘膜吸引检查以确诊和X线钡灌肠摄片确定病变范围，短段型3例，常见型7例。齿线上lcm切开直肠粘膜1周，游离直肠粘膜管，直视下游离扩张的直肠近端和乙状结肠，妥善处理肠系膜血管，向上游离达正常结肠，拖出的结肠与直肠切缘全层间隙吻合。结果全部患儿经肛门完成手术，切除肠管平均长度23．6cm(12—32cm)，平均手术时间112min(90—150min)，术中平均出血量32ml(15—80m1)。1个月内大便成形正常，无手术并发症出现。结论经肛门非开腹巨结肠根治术适合于新生儿和婴幼儿短段型及常见型巨结肠，手术创伤小，并发症少，效果满意。     

小儿先天性巨结肠经肛门根治120例分析

先天性巨结肠是小儿常见的消化道畸形,按病变部位、范围及程度可分为短段型、普通型、长段型、全结肠和跳跃型等类型<'[1]>.对于短段型和普通型巨结肠患儿采用经肛门根治术,其手术具有时间短、创伤小、恢复快、费用低等优点,围手术期的治疗准备、术后处理和康复指导等,对该病的手术、治疗和预后有着重要影响.本院2005年1月至2007年12月共收治短段型和普通型先天性巨结肠患儿120例,疗效满意,现报道如下.     

探讨经会阴、非开腹手术治疗小儿短段型巨结肠症的可行性及疗效观察

目的 探讨经会阴实施肛门内括约肌和直肠末端肌层切开术治疗小儿短段、超短段型先天性巨结肠症的可行性及疗效.方法 2000年7月～2010年3月,笔者所在医院与协作医院,共计对68例术前诊断为小儿短段、超短段型先天性巨结肠病例,分别实施了非开腹手术,即经会阴切口施行肛门内括约肌和直肠末端肌层切开手术,对其适应证、具体手术方法及治疗效果进行综合分析讨论.结果 术中及术后病理组织检查确诊为非短段型巨结肠者7例,术后巨结肠症复发,改为开腹手术;其余61例(54例病理组织检查确诊为短段、超短段型先天性巨结肠,7例病理组织检查确诊为先天性巨结肠类缘病)术后均得到随访,随访短者2年,长者6年,巨结肠症均未见复发.结论 经会阴实施肛门内括约肌及直肠末端肌层切开手术,治疗小儿短段型、超短段型先天性巨结肠症,方法安全可行、操作简便、免开腹手术、创伤小、疗效满意,值得进一步实践并推广应用.     

经肛门改良Soave根治巨结肠的临床研究

目的：探讨经肛门改良Soave巨结肠根治术的手术方法及手术效果的临床研究。方法：实验组：23例已证实的先天性短段型及普通型巨结肠患儿行改良Soave巨结肠根治术。对照组：16例行De La Torre术式巨结肠根治术。结果：所有患儿无术中及术后死亡,对照组中6例近期出现小肠结肠炎,大便失禁1例,污粪1例,吻合口狭窄3例。实验组仅1例出现污粪,经扩肛后治愈。结论：经肛门改良Soave巨结肠根治术是一种安全高效、微创、并发症少的术式,值得临床推广应用。     

经肛门巨结肠根治术49例的临床分析

先天性巨结肠是一种常见的小儿疾病,治疗以手术为主.经肛门巨结肠根治术是一种治疗先天性巨结肠的新术式,具有微创、术后恢复快、住院时间短、并发症少等优点.我院2003年9月至今应用该术式治疗婴幼儿先天性巨结肠49例,疗效满意,报告如下.     

A new modification of transanal Soave pull-throug procedure for Hirschsprung＇s disease

Background One stage transanal Soave pull-through procedure (TSPP) is a recent popular operation in the treatment of Hirschsprung's disease (HD). W ith no visible scar and a short hospital stay, it is well accepted by surgeons and mothers. In the conventional Soave procedure, a long rectal muscular cuff left for anocolic anastomosis might increase the incidence of postoperative enterocolitis and constipation. This study presents a modified transanal Soave pull-through procedure (MTSPP) which includes an oblique mucosectomy and an oblique anastomosis with a short split muscular cuff.Methods A review of two groups of HD patients was made: 112 underwent conventional transanal Soave procedure from 1999 to 2001 (group 1) and 140 underwent modified transanal Soave procedure from 2002 to 2004 (group 2). A comparison was made between the two groups on operative data and postoperative complications. The data included: age at the operation, operating time, blood loss, time to feeds and hospital stay, occurrence of postoperative enterocolitis or constipation, need for anal dilatation, postoperative bowel function and perianal skin problems. Results There was no significant difference between two groups with respect to age, gender, length of colon resected, operating time, blood loss and hospital stay. However occurrence of postoperative enterocolitis, constipation, anastomotic stricture and time needed for anal dilatation were evidently less in group 2 (MTSPP). The m ean operating time i n group 1 was ( 106 ± 39) minutes with a range of 60 to 170 minutes; in group 2 was (101 ± 36) minutes with a range of 66 to 190 minutes. The average length of the bowel resected in group 1 was (24 ± 7) cm, range 15 to 58 cm; in group 2 was (26 ± 8) cm, range 15 to 70 cm. Two patients, one in each group, required l aparoscopic assistance because of long aganglionic colon. Another patient in group 2 required laparotomy because of total colonic aganglionosis. Postoperative complications in group 1 included: temporary perianal excoriation in 34 patients (26 were &lt;3 months of age), enterocolitis in 21, anastomotic stricture in 11, recurrent constipation in 12, cuff abscess in 1, anastomosis leak in 1, soiling in 3 and rectal prolapse in 1. In group 2 post operative complications included: transient perianal excoriation in 37 patients (30 were &lt;3 months of age), enterocolitis in 13, anastomotic stricture in 5, recurrent constipation in 6, anastomotic leak in 1, adhesive bowel obstruction in 1 and soiling in 4. Complete bowel continence was found in 97 children (86.6%) in group 1 and in 129 children (92.1%) in group 2 at one year followup after operation.Conclusions Modified transanal Soave pull-through procedure for HD with oblique mucosectomy and anastomosis and a short split muscular cuff is a safe and feasible operation with low incidence of postoperative complication. It is an encouraging improvement of the conventional transanal Soave pull-through procedure. MTSPP is a preferable choice in the surgery of HD. Chin Med J 2006; 119(1):37-42     

A new modification of transanal Soave pull-through procedure for Hirschsprung''s disease

SINGLE STAGE TRANSANAL SOAVE PULL-THROUGH PROCEDURE (TSPP) REPRESENTS AN IMPROVEMENT IN THE SENSE OF MINIMAL INVASIVE SURGERY FOR HIRSCHSPRUNG’S DISEASE (HD).1 IT HAS BEEN RAPIDLY POPULARIZED IN MANY CENTRES SINCE IT WAS PUBLISHED BY DE LA TORRE-MONDRAGON IN 1998.2 IN CONVENTIONAL SOAVE PROCEDURE, A LONG RECTAL MUSCULAR CUFF(5 TO 7 CM) WAS LEFT FOR ANOCOLIC SANASTOMOSIS, WHIC…     

经肛门手术与传统剖腹手术对巨结肠患儿术后应激反应的对比研究

目的:探讨经肛门巨结肠根治术与传统剖腹手术对先天性巨结肠患儿手术创伤程度的差别.方法:30例患儿随机分为经肛门组及剖腹手术组各15例.每例患儿于术前24 h、术后24 h、72 h清晨空腹抽取静脉血,用ELISA法测量血清中IL-6的浓度,应用速率散射比浊法测量C反应蛋白的浓度,并对检测结果进行统计学处理.结果:两组患儿术后白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及C反应蛋白均较术前有明显变化(P＜0.05).经肛门组IL-6、C反应蛋白浓度在术后24 h及72 h均较剖腹组要低(P＜0.05).结论:经肛门巨结肠根治术较传统剖腹手术对先天性巨结肠患儿所造成的手术创伤程度要小.     

经肛门拖出或结合腹部小切口根治先天性巨结肠34例

目的：介绍经肛门或结合腹部小切口巨结肠根治的初步经验及短期随访效果。方法：2002年3月～2003年2月，手术治疗34例先天性巨结肠，其中11例常见型采用工期经肛门拖出根治手术，拖出肠管长22～37cm，对长段型或拖出困难者，采用经肛门辅以腹部小切口根治23例，均经病理证实为先天性巨结肠。结果：11例经肛门Ⅰ期拖出顺利完成手术，无并发症，术后4～7天出院。经肛门辅以腹部小切口根治23例，有3例并发粘连性肠梗阻，1例切口裂开，经再次手术痊愈。均于术后2周开始扩肛，随访l～10个月，平均大便一天3～4次，成形，偶有夜间排便，无污粪。结论：工期经肛门巨结肠根治术，是一种安全有效全新的手术途径，降低了传统根治的并发症。适应于婴幼儿常见型巨结肠的治疗，效果好。经肛门辅以腹部小切口根治者，亦优于其他术式，值得临床推荐。     

经肛门结肠拖出术治疗新生儿及婴儿先天性巨结肠

目的：介绍经肛门结肠拖出术治疗新生儿及婴儿先天性巨结肠。方法：回顾43例采用经肛门结肠拖出术治疗的新生儿及婴儿先天性巨结肠。患儿年龄14d至12个月。方法为在肛门齿状线处切开直肠黏膜，向近端游离达盆底腹膜返折处。切除直肠肌鞘后壁约1.0-1.5cm一条。游离乙状结肠达正常结肠后切断。拖出正常结肠与肛门吻合。结果：43例经肛门直肠结肠拖出切除病变肠段顺利完成手术，术中出血少，术后1－2d进食，5－7d出院，无术后尿潴留，无伤口感染及肛门回缩。全部患儿获随访3－9个月。排便功能正常，无肛门狭窄发生。2例偶有污粪，为术后早期病例。结论：经肛门结肠拖出术操作简便，创伤小，恢复快，术后护理负担轻，并发症少。此术式是新生儿和婴儿先天性巨结肠根治性治疗的理想方法。     

经肛门巨结肠根治术治疗126例儿童先天性巨结肠临床疗效研究

目的探讨经肛门巨结肠根治术治疗儿童先天性巨结肠临床疗效及手术技巧。方法回顾分析经肛门手术治疗126例先天性巨结肠患儿的临床资料,采用经肛改良Soave术95例,经肛改良Swenson术31例。结果除早期经肛Soave术中7例（5．6％）二期手术外,余均一期完成手术（94．4％）。辅助腹部小切口5例,腹腔镜12例。术后并发症35例,其发生率为27．8％,其中肛周糜烂15例,小肠结肠炎9例,吻合口狭窄5例,污粪2例,再手术4例,两种术式的术后并发症比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。103例获随访1—10（中位数2）年,痊愈96例（93．2％）,好转5例（4．9％）,无效2例（1．9％）,两种术式不同类型的术后排便功能优良率比较差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论两种术式治疗先天性巨结肠临床疗效好,各有其优点,均存在一定的并发症,但经肛Swenson术较经肛Soave术操作更简单方便,术后不需扩肛。     

Ⅰ期经肛门巨结肠根治术

目的　总结先天性巨结肠Ⅰ期经肛门根治术的手术过程、疗效及短期随访结果。方法　自 2 0 0 1年经该术式治疗 1 4例巨结肠患儿。方法为在直肠后壁齿状线上 0 .5cm ,前壁齿状线上 2cm切开直肠粘膜 ,向近端游离达腹膜返折后 ,残留肌鞘后壁“V”型切除 ,游离近端结肠 ,拖出近端结肠与肛门吻合。结果　所有手术均顺利完成 ,手术时间 90 - 1 50分钟 ,出血量极少 ,最少不足 5ml,所有病例均未输血。术后早期便次较多 ,1月后减少至 1 -3次 /天。随访 1 - 6月 ,无吻合口狭窄、污粪及肠炎。结论　经肛门巨结肠根治术安全有效、简便易行 ,近期效果良好。     

NADPH-d染色法术中快速诊断先天性巨结肠

目的:评价NADPH-d的快速染色法在术中诊断先天性巨结肠(Hirschprung’s disease,HD)及确定病变段肠管范围的优越性。方法:标本采自确诊HD患儿术中切除的结肠37例,其中男27例,女10例,平均年龄11.6个月。标本分狭窄段、移行段、扩张段,分别用NADPH-d的快速染色法与冰冻切片HE快速染色法进行配对比较研究。结果:NADPH-d染色法操作简单,易掌握,切片不需事先固定,无需水化、脱水等繁琐流程。冰冻切片HE染色法30 min出结果,NADPH-d法能在10 min内出结果,两者阳性率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:NADPH-d染色法能在术中快速诊断HD并确定手术中切缘是否已达到正常肠管,且操作流程简单,阳性神经节细胞识别容易,较冰冻切片HE染色法有一定优越性。     

先天性巨结肠患儿结肠肌间神经丛内神经节细胞中NKX2-1的表达

目的:探讨转录因子NKX2-1在先天性巨结肠(HD)患儿结肠肌间神经丛内神经节细胞中的表达。方法:应用免疫组化SP和RT-PCR技术检测30例HD患儿狭窄、移行和扩张段结肠组织和30例正常对照结肠组织中NKX2-1的表达情况。结果:HD患儿狭窄、移行段结肠组织中NKX2-1蛋白和mRNA的表达均低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义(Z=5.236和2.926,P<0.008;t/t’=19.475和14.429,P<0.001)。结论:转录因子NKX2-1在结肠肌间神经丛内神经节细胞中表达减少可能与HD的发生有关。     

A new modification of transanal Swenson pull-through procedure for Hirschsprung’s disease

Background The one-stage pull-through procedures for Hirschsprung＇s disease （HD） have become popular because it is well accepted by surgeons and mothers with no visible scar and a short hospital stay. It represents the latest development in the concept of a minimally invasive surgery for HD. We introduce a new method of transanal one-stage pull-through for Hirschsprung＇s disease, different from the transanal Scare procedure.
Methods One hundred and thirty-four patients aged 9 days to 5 years underwent a transanal one-stage pull-through procedure. The diagnosis was definite by barium enema or rectal biopsies preoperatively. The patients were anesthetized and placed in the lithotomy position. A urinary catheter was optional. Giving anorectal dilatations for half a minute, a pull-through of the rectum above the peritoneal reflection and into the intussusception was performed. Fine silk suturing was performed circumferentially at the level of that point which was used for traction for the distal end. Another circumferential suture was performed parallel 0.5 cm distance above the original one and used for traction for the proximal intestines. The full-thickness rectal wall was truncated between the above two circumferential sutures with cautery. The proximal intestines were pulled down and the mesenteric vessels were dissected with ligation until normal intestines were accessed; the presence of ganglion cells was determined by intraoperative rapid frozen section. The distal end was dissected anteriorly 2.5-3.5 cm above the dentate line. The posterior rectal wall was split longitudinally and dissected to a point 0.5-1.0 cm above the dentate line. The segment of the lesion was resected. The length of bowel resected ranged from 12 to 50 cm （median 16.5 cm）. An oblique anastomosis was made.
Results The mean operating time was 70 minutes. Postoperative rectal dilation was not required. The patient tolerated feeding on the first postoperative day. Eighty-eight patients were followed-up. All these patients ha