乳癌前哨淋巴结中mammaglobin检测的临床意义

目的 探讨乳癌前哨淋巴结中mammaglobin检测的临床意义。方法 32例乳癌患者术中注射亚甲蓝定们前哨淋巴结（SLN），巢式RT－PCR法检测腋淋巴结中mammaglobin mRNA的表达。结果 SLN定位成功率为93.8%(30/32),SLN与非SLN组微转移检出率有显著统计学差异（P＜0.01）；在常规病检阴性的淋巴结中，巢式RT－PCR法的微转移的检出率为14.4%（36／263）。结论 mammaglo-bin巢式RT－PCR法是较常规病理检查更为敏感的检出淋巴结转移的方法。联合SLN定位和巢式RT－PCR的检测，可明显提高乳癌腋淋巴结微转移的检出效率。     

腹腔镜下胃癌前哨淋巴结标示的临床应用及意义

目的：探讨腹腔镜下胃癌前哨淋巴结（SLN）检测的可行性及SLN活检预测胃周淋巴结转移状况的准确性,评价SLN活检在指导胃癌手术治疗中的应用价值。方法：2010年3—11月诊断明确的126例胃癌,在腹腔镜胃癌切除术中向肿瘤边缘正常胃壁浆膜下肌层、黏膜下层注射亚甲蓝标示SLN,腔镜下识别和切取蓝染淋巴结活检。以术后所有切除的胃周淋巴结常规病理检查结果为诊断金标准,观察SLN活检对预测胃周淋巴结有无肿瘤转移的准确性。结果：116例成功检测出SLN,检出率92．1％（116／126）。62例有淋巴结转移,其中前哨淋巴结与非前哨淋巴结（nSLN）均有转移47例,仅前哨淋巴结有转移10例,仅非前哨淋巴结有转移5例。前哨淋巴结预测胃周淋巴结转移的敏感性为91．9％（57／62）,准确率为94．0％（109／116）,假阴性率为8．1％（5／62）。结论：腹腔镜下胃癌SLN检测可行。通过SLN,术中能准确预测胃癌淋巴结转移状况,淋巴结转移阴性的胃癌患者,有望免除常规淋巴清扫。     

美蓝染色法检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结的临床研究

目的 寻找检测乳腺癌前哨淋巴结(SLN)方法，研究前哨淋巴结活检(SLNB)预测腋窝淋巴结状况的准确性。方法 对40例乳腺癌患者行美蓝染色法检测SLN，并行腋窝淋巴结清扫术(ALND)后，将腋窝淋巴结转移状况与SLN进行对比分析，分析SLN检出率及临床特征。结果 40例患者中成功检测出SLN35例，成功率为87．5％。检出SLN60个，平均每例检出SLNl．7个。2例出现假阴性，假阴性率为10.5％，无假阳性。35例患者中有16例SLN阳性，阳性率为45.7％。SLNB预测腋窝淋巴结(ALN)的敏感性为88．8％，特异性为100％，准确性为94．4％。结论 美蓝染色法检测乳腺癌SLN经济实用，可以较准确地预测腋窝淋巴结的转移状况。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检的初步研究

目的研究乳腺癌新辅助化疗后前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）的可行性和效果。方法利用新型示踪剂——^99mTc-利妥昔配合专利蓝染料对60例原发性乳腺癌新辅助化疗后病例进行SLNB，并对SLN进行常规病理检查和免疫组织化学检查。SLNB后常规腋窝淋巴结清扫。结果SLN检测成功率95％（57／60）。SLN转移阳性23例（40％），其中18例为常规病理检查转移阳性（78％），5例为免疫组织化学检出的微转移（22％）。23例SLN有转移病例中，9例同时存在其他腋窝淋巴结转移，另外14例为惟一转移淋巴结。1例SLN转移假阴性。灵敏度96％（23／24），准确性98％（56／57），特异度100％（33／33），假阴性率4．3％（1／23），阴性预测值97％（36／37），阳性预测值100％（24／24）。内乳淋巴结显像11例，活检病理检查均为转移阴性。结论同位素示踪剂和蓝染料联合检测方法对原发性乳腺癌新辅助化疗后进行SLNB同样适用，内乳前哨淋巴结活检不应做常规推荐。     

美蓝-核素联合法在乳腺癌患者前哨淋巴结活检中的应用

目的探讨美蓝一核素联合法在乳腺癌患者前哨淋巴结活检（sentinel lymph node biopsy SLNB）中的临床价值。方法以38例体检无腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者为研究对象,在乳晕区注射99mTc标记的硫胶体,采用．y计数器探测仪结合美蓝染色法检测识别前哨淋巴结（sentinel lymph node SLN）,先行SLNB,随后行乳腺癌改良根治术。结果38例中2例未见淋巴结及淋巴管蓝染,总计共找到腋窝淋巴结507个,阳性18例131个,阴性20例376个：SLN共71个,阳性17例47个,阴性2l例24个。SLN的检出率94．6％,准确性94．4％,特异性100％。敏感性94．4％,假阴性率5．6％,假阳性率0。结论应用美蓝一核素联合法前哨淋巴结活检在乳腺癌治疗中可以取得较高的检出率和准确性．可用于确定是否行腋窝淋巴结清扫术。     

专利蓝和放射物联合示踪检测胃癌前哨淋巴结及其临床意义

目的 探讨胃癌中前哨淋巴结(SLN)概念的适用性,评估前哨淋巴结活检预测胃癌区域淋巴结转移状态的价值及其指导胃癌淋巴结清扫范围的临床意义。方法26例胃癌患者,术前经胃镜于病灶周围黏膜下注入^99mTc标记的硫胶体,术中于病灶周围浆膜下直接注入专利蓝,将γ探测仪检测放射活性高出背景组织10倍以上或(和)蓝染的淋巴结视为胃癌前哨淋巴结,行常规病理检查和细胞角蛋白免疫组化染色,分别计算前哨淋巴结诊断胃癌淋巴结转移状态的准确性、敏感性、阴性预测值和假阴性率,并根据前哨淋巴结活检结果决定胃癌的手术方式。结果胃癌前哨淋巴结的检出成功率为96％(25／26),每例检出1～6个,平均3．2个／例。胃癌前哨淋巴结仅限于N1分布的占50％(13／26),仅限于N2或N3分布的占12％(3／26)。SLN诊断胃癌周围淋巴结转移状态的准确性为96％,敏感性为94％,阴性预测值为7／8,假阴性率为6％。对前哨淋巴结的彻底病理检查使2／7胃癌病例的淋巴结病理分期得到上调。结论前哨淋巴结概念适合于胃癌;联合示踪法胃癌前哨淋巴结活检可准确预测胃癌周围淋巴结的转移状态,并可能用于指导胃癌的淋巴结清扫范围。     

新型示踪剂99mTc-利妥昔用于原发性乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的初步研究

目的 探讨新型示踪剂^99mTc-利妥昔用于原发性乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检（SLNB）的可行性和效果。方法 采用^99mTc-利妥昔配合染料专利蓝对85例原发性乳腺癌进行前哨淋巴结活检,并对前哨淋巴结（SLN）进行常规病理检查和以细胞角蛋白19为标志物的免疫组化检查,以确定有无SLN转移。结果^99mTc-利妥昔联合专利蓝检测SLN,检测成功率为96％（82／85）。SLN转移阳性30例（37％,30／82）,其中24例（80％,24／30）常规病理检查为转移阳性,6例（20％,6／30）为免疫组化检出的微转移。30例SLN有转移患者中,12例同时存在其他腋下淋巴结转移,18例为惟一转移淋巴结。1例SLN转移假阴性。灵敏度为97％（30／31）,特异度为100％（51／51）,准确度为99％（81／82）,假阴性率为3％（1／30）,阴性预测值为98％（51／52）,阳性预测值为100％（31／31）。内乳淋巴结显像11例,活检病理检查均为转移阴性。结论 ^99mTc-利妥昔可使SLN显像持久,有利于SLNB的时间选择;^99mTc-利妥昔联合专利蓝行SLNB的准确率、敏感度较高。     

结直肠癌前哨淋巴结体外标记的研究

目的探讨结直肠癌前哨淋巴结（SEN）体外亚甲蓝定位活检方法的可行性，研究前哨淋巴结组织学状况能否用于预测区域淋巴结转移情况。方法将32例手术切除的结直肠癌标本纵行剪开，在癌肿四周注射亚甲蓝，2—5min后沿着蓝染的淋巴管追踪寻找首先蓝染的前哨淋巴结。将其切下后单独进行病理切片，检测有无癌转移，并与系膜淋巴结病理结果予以比较。结果有30例标本成功显示57枚SLN，平均每例标本显示1．9枚SLN。在SLN阳性的13例患者中。5例非SLN呈阳性，8例非SLN呈阴性；在17例SLN为阴性的标本中，15例非SLN呈阴性，仅2例非SLN呈阳性。统计本组患者SLN标记成功率为93．8％（30／32），准确率为93．3％（28／30），假阴性率为11．8％（2／17），特异性为100％（13／13）。结论结直肠癌标本前哨淋巴结体外亚甲蓝标记法可行，其组织学状况可较准确反映区域淋巴结群的癌转移情况。     

胃癌前哨淋巴结的临床研究胃癌前哨淋巴结的临床研究

目的：探讨胃癌前哨淋巴结（SLN）对预测各期胃癌淋巴结转移情况的意义。方法：使用美蓝-抗胃癌单克隆抗体MAb 3H11，对120例胃癌术中及术后前哨淋巴结定位和活检。结果：119例找到胃癌SLN为转移淋巴结，其中8例为唯一转移部位；55例SLN为非转移淋巴结，其中5例非前哨淋巴结存在转移。SLN预测胃周淋巴结转移的敏感性为92．8％，假阴性率为7．3％，准确率为95．8％。T1期敏感性100％，准确率100％；T2期敏感性96．3％，准确率97．9％；T3期敏感性为89．7％，准确率92．3％，假阴性率10．3％。结论：胃癌SLN定位及活检技术能较准确反映早期胃癌的淋巴结转移状况。     

临床腋淋巴结阴性乳腺癌前哨淋巴结研究

目的：探讨前哨淋巴结活检术（ｓｅｎｔｉｎｅｌ ｌｙｍｐｈ ｎｏｄｅ ｂｉｏｐｓｙ, ＳＬＮＢ）在乳腺癌治疗中的应用。方法：使用专利蓝和美蓝染色,对１９９９年９月～２００１年４月连续收治的１４５例临床查体腋窝淋巴结阴性乳腺癌病人行前哨淋巴结活检术。结果：ＳＬＮＢ成功率为９６．５％（１４０／１４５）,假阴性率为２３．５％,准确率为９１．４％。病人年龄、肿瘤最大径、肿瘤部位、注射染料类型及是否活检对成功率和假阴性率无影响。结论：ＳＬＮＢ能够准确预测腋窝淋巴结的转移状况,在缩小手术范围、减少术后并发症的同时,提高了腋窝淋巴结分期的准确性;美蓝与专利蓝均可成功确定ＳＬＮ。     

Methylene blue dye--a safe and effective alternative for sentinel lymph node localization

Abstract:  Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has emerged as an effective diagnostic tool in axillary staging in breast cancer. The commonly used technique employs isosulfan blue/patent blue V combined with radioactive colloid tracer. Methylene blue (MB) is a less expensive and readily available alternative dye. The study evaluated the safety and efficacy of MB in SLN localization. A retrospective study of 329 patients with early breast cancer who had SLN localization as part of an ethically approved prospective evaluation study of SLN localization technique was carried out. Lymph node positive, tumors >2 cm on clinical and radiological evaluation, those with previous breast and axillary surgery, neo-adjuvant chemotherapy were excluded from the study. One hundred seventy three patients underwent SLN localization using 1 mL of 1% MB, and a combined MB-radio colloid tracer technique was used in the other 156 patients. Allocation to the groups was by simple randomization. Injection of the dye and radioisotope was into the subdermal plane in the sub-areolar region. Patients underwent breast conservation surgery or mastectomy with SLN directed four node axillary sampling ± axillary clearance. The lymph node was examined by standard microscopy. There were no reported complications with the use of MB aside from temporary tattooing. The technique failed in eight patients giving an identification rate of 97.6%. Ten of the 258 (3.9%) patients had false-negative SLN, with negative predictive value of 96.1%, sensitivity of predicting further axillary disease of 73%, specificity of 87.3%, and overall accuracy of 85.7%. Reported adverse reaction to isosulfan blue/patent blue V varied from minor to severe anaphylactic reactions (1–3%) requiring vigorous resuscitation. Subdermal sub-areolar injection of MB is safe and effective readily available dye for SLN localization in axillary staging of breast cancer with no major adverse reaction.     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer using methylene blue dye manifests a short learning curve among experienced surgeons: a prospective tabular cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis

Background  

The benefits of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for breast cancer patients with histologically negative axillary nodes, in whom axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is thereby avoided, are now established. Low false negative rate, certainly with blue dye technique, mostly reflects the established high inherent accuracy of SLNB and low axillary nodal metastatic load (subject to patient selection). SLN identification rate is influenced by volume, injection site and choice of mapping agent, axillary nodal metastatic load, SLN location and skill at axillary dissection. Being more subject to technical failure, SLN identification seems to be a more reasonable variable for learning curve assessment than false negative rate.     

国产亚甲蓝行早期乳腺癌前哨淋巴结活检的观察

目的：探讨前哨淋巴结活检术（sentinel lymph node biopsy，SLNB）反映早期乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移情况，并指导临床腋淋巴结阴性（cN0）乳腺癌腋窝淋巴结清除范围的可行性。方法：使用国产1％亚甲蓝对120例cT1.2N0M0期乳腺癌病人进行前哨淋巴结活检，于原发肿瘤边缘上、下、左、右选取4个注射点．将1％亚甲蓝4m1分别注射到乳腺实质及皮下组织内，已行术中活检则注射于残腔壁周围及其表面的皮下组织内。注射后从注射点向腋窝方向轻按摩5～10min，以利于淋巴管和淋巴结的染色，随后行乳腺癌改良根治手术或保乳手术。SLN常规HE染色病理检查．阴性者通过免疫组化方法行淋巴结微转移检查。结果：确定SLN87例，成功率为72．50％。SLNB的特异度为100％．假阳性率为0％，假阴性率为1．5％，准确率为98．85％；阴性前哨淋巴结的微转移率为4．44％。结论：前哨淋巴结转移状况基本上可反映乳腺癌腋淋巴结转移的状况；SLNB有望成为指导cN0，期乳腺癌腋淋巴结清除范围的方法。     

Methylene Blue Dye as an Alternative to Isosulfan Blue Dye for Sentinel Lymph Node Localization

Background: Our study describes the use of methylene blue dye as an alternative to isosulfan blue dye to identify the sentinel lymph node (SLN).Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed of 112 breast cancer patients (113 axillae) who underwent SLN biopsy (SLNB) with methylene blue dye and ^99mTc-labeled sulfur colloid for SLN identification. All SLNs were submitted for intraoperative frozen section analysis, hematoxylin and eosin stain, and immunohistochemical evaluation. Patients with a pathologically negative SLN did not undergo further axillary lymph node dissection.Results: Of 112 patients who underwent SLNB, the SLN was identified in 107 (95.5%); 104 (92.8%) were identified by methylene blue dye. In a subset of 99 patients with recorded isotope status in relation to blue nodes, concordant identification with both dye and isotope was observed in 94 (94.9%). Of patients with identified SLNs, 32 (29.9%) of 107 contained metastatic disease, with 31 (96.9%) of 32 identified by methylene blue dye. The SLN was the only positive node in 18 (60.0%) of 30 patients.Conclusions: SLNB with methylene blue dye is an effective alternative to isosulfan blue dye for accurately identifying SLNs in breast cancer patients.Presented at the Society of Surgical Oncologys 55th Annual Cancer Symposium, Denver, Colorado, March 14–17, 2002.     

The effect of changing gamma count threshold on sentinel lymph node accuracy

PURPOSE: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been increasingly accepted in many centers as an alternative to axillary lymph node dissection in the nodal staging of breast cancer. The goal of SLN biopsy is to accurately stage the axilla while minimizing postoperative morbidity. Theoretically, the continuing search for SLNs disrupts additional lymphatics and impacts on operative time. The gamma count threshold is a predefined threshold percentage of the ex vivo count of the "hottest" SLN, which when applied to each individually excised lymph node determines whether a given lymph node is the SLN or a non-SLN. The higher the threshold percentage, the less the number of lymph nodes will meet the criteria of being an SLN. This study examines the hypothesis that changing the gamma count threshold from 10% to 50% will not significantly affect accuracy or the false-negative rate. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who underwent SLN biopsy with or without completion axillary lymph node dissection from March 1995 to January 2001 at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. Data were collected on gamma counts for each SLN and histopathology of each SLN. For each SLN ex vivo gamma count, percentage of the ex vivo gamma count of the "hottest" SLN was calculated. RESULTS: The SLN identification success rate was 94% (163 out of 174 patients). On average, 2.07 SLNs were removed per patient and 58% of patients had more than 1 SLN removed (94 out of 163 patients). Only 10% had 4 or more SLNs removed (17 out of 163 patients). Sentinel lymph node metastasis was found in 21% of patients (35 of 163 patients). Of these 35 patients with positive SLNs, 8 patients had a negative "hottest" SLN when a less radioactive SLN was positive for metastasis. Changing the gamma count threshold from 10% to 50% lowers the extrapolated accuracy from 98% to 95% and increases the extrapolated false-negative rate from 8% to 21%. CONCLUSIONS: The accuracy and false-negative rate of SLN biopsy varies based on the lower limit gamma threshold. Maintaining our 10% gamma count threshold results in acceptable accuracy and false-negative rates comparable to reported literature.     

Sentinel lymph node biopsy examination for breast cancer patients with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

BACKGROUND: The feasibility and accuracy of sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy examination for breast cancer patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) have been investigated under the administration of a radiocolloid imaging agent injected intradermally over a tumor. In addition, conditions that may affect SLN biopsy detection and false-negative rates with respect to clinical tumor response and clinical nodal status before NAC were analyzed. METHODS: Seventy-seven patients with stages II and III breast cancer previously treated with NAC were enrolled in the study. All patients were clinically node negative after NAC. The patients then underwent SLN biopsy examination, which involved a combination of intradermal injection over the tumor of radiocolloid and a subareolar injection of blue dye. This was followed by standard level I/II axillary lymph node dissection. RESULTS: The SLN could be identified in 72 of 77 patients (identification rate, 93.5%). In 69 of 72 patients (95.8%) the SLN accurately predicted the axillary status. Three patients had a false-negative SLN biopsy examination result, resulting in a false-negative rate of 11.1% (3 of 27). The SLN identification rate tended to be higher, although not statistically significantly, among patients who had clinically negative axillary lymph nodes before NAC (97.6%; 41 of 42). This is in comparison with patients who had a positive axillary lymph node before NAC (88.6%; 31 of 35). CONCLUSIONS: The SLN identification rate and false-negative rate were similar to those in nonneoadjuvant studies. The SLN biopsy examination accurately predicted metastatic disease in the axilla of patients with tumor response after NAC and clinical nodal status before NAC. This diagnostic technique, using an intradermal injection of radiocolloid, may provide treatment guidance for patients after NAC.     

前哨淋巴结检测在乳腺癌治疗中的意义

目的评价前哨淋巴结活检术 (sentinellymphnodebiopsy,SLNB)预测腋淋巴结肿瘤转移的准确性及其临床意义。方法使用专利蓝染色法和 /或99mTc标记的硫胶体示踪法对我院收治的81例乳腺癌患者进行前哨淋巴结活检。两种方法联合检测 3例前哨淋巴结 (sentinellymphnode ,SLN)均阴性者未行腋淋巴结清扫术。结果 81例患者SLN总检出率为 96 3% (78/81) ,总准确率为97 5 % ,总假阴性率 9 7%。 5 3例单纯染色法检出率为 92 5 % ,准确率 94 2 % ,假阴性率 15 8% ;2 8例99mTc示踪法和 /或染色法联合检测结果分别为 10 0 % ,10 0 %和 0。结论SLNB能够准确预测腋窝淋巴结的转移状况。两种方法联合检测为最佳。术前化疗对假阴性率可能有影响。     

乳腺癌新辅助化疗后蓝染法行前哨淋巴结活检术的临床分析

【摘要】 目的 研究乳腺癌患者新辅助化疗后蓝染法行前哨淋巴结活检术(SLNB)的可行性。方法〓回顾性分析2012年1月至2015年6月初诊于广西柳州市工人医院普外四病区的IIA-IIIB期乳腺癌患者69例。所有患者均接受新辅助化疗,疗程4~8个周期,分析新辅助化疗后蓝染法行SLNB的检出率、假阴性率。结果〓入组患者SLNB检出率为85.5%,假阴性率为18.2%;SLNB的检出率因腋窝淋巴结状态不同而存在统计学差异,在不同肿瘤的大小、肿瘤位置、患者年龄和SLNB时注射染料位置无统计学差异,假阴性率在上述不同分组中均无统计学差异。结论〓NAC后蓝染法SLNB可应用于治疗前腋窝淋巴结阴性的乳腺癌患者;对于治疗前腋窝淋巴结阳性的患者则存在风险。增加SLN检出数目可增加NAC后行SLNB的可靠性。     

Randomized clinical trial comparing blue dye with combined dye and isotope for sentinel lymph node biopsy in breast cancer

BACKGROUND: Use of blue dye alone as a marker for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is effective, but combining it with isotope marking can improve the success rate. Use of the isotope adds extra cost and there are potential radiation hazards. The two techniques were compared in a randomized trial. METHODS: Women with early breast cancer (less than 3 cm) and no palpable axillary nodes were recruited. Women older than 70 years with multicentric cancers or previous surgery to the breast or axilla were excluded. Patients were randomized to either blue dye alone or combined mapping for SLN biopsy. All women had a level I and II axillary dissection after the SLN biopsy. RESULTS: A total of 123 patients were recruited, of whom five were excluded from analysis. Blue dye alone was used in 57 women and 61 had combined mapping. Baseline demographic data were similar in the two cohorts. The success rate of SLN biopsy was higher with combined mapping than with blue dye alone (100 versus 86 per cent; P = 0.002). The accuracy and false-negative rate were similar (accuracy 100 per cent for combined mapping versus 98 per cent for blue dye; false-negative rate 0 versus 5 per cent). CONCLUSION: Combined mapping was superior to blue dye alone in identification of the SLN, but accuracy and false-negative rates were similar.