单纯后路矫形内固定治疗退变性腰椎侧凸

目的 探讨单纯后路矫形内固定治疗退变性腰椎侧凸的方法与疗效.方法 自2005牟10月至2011牟3月对13例退变性腰椎侧凸患者行后路椎管彻底减压、椎弓根钉棒矫形固定、相应节段椎间融合器植骨融合,分析其手术方法及临床疗效.结果 患者术后平均矫正率为40.3％.腰腿痛消失,下肢麻木症状减轻.全部患者均获随访,随访时间9～26个月,平均17.5个月.植骨融合良好,矫正度数与椎间隙高度均无丢失.结论 对于退变性腰椎侧凸患者,掌握合适的手术适应症,后路彻底减压,内固定矫形恢复脊柱的稳定性及植骨融合是有效的治疗方法.     

后路矫形、植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎侧弯的临床探讨

目的 探讨分析后路矫形、植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎侧弯的临床效果和手术策略.方法 对2003年5月至2009年5月行后路手术治疗的27例退行性腰椎侧弯患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.27例患者均采用椎管减压、椎弓根内固定系统矫形,其中18例采用后外侧植骨融合,9例因存在腰椎滑脱采用360°融合.结果 27例患者随访12个月,主观满意度为88.9%(24/27),Oswestry评分为(21.54±1.95)%;22例患者随访24个月,主观满意度为86.4%(19/22),Oswestry评分为(24.26±2.32)%.术后12、24个月Oswestry评分较术前的(57.83±2.71)%均明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).侧弯冠状位Cobb角矫正率为47.2%;腰椎前凸角度从术前的23.6°±8.3°改善至术后的43.8°±9.1°.围手术期1例发生切口感染,2例出现心血管系统疾病,1例术后3个月出现螺钉松动.结论 在充分减压、改善腰椎前凸角度情况下,采用后路矫形、植骨融合治疗退行性腰椎侧弯,可以获得满意的治疗效果.     

后路手术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸的临床分析

目的探讨后路减压、椎间融合、后外侧植骨、椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸的手术方法及临床效果。方法回顾性分析我院后路手术治疗7例退变性腰椎侧凸患者的病例资料。结果 7例患者术后平均随访1.2年,下腰痛、神经根病症状、间歇性跛行、直腰困难等明显缓解,腰椎前凸得到一定程度恢复,无螺钉松动、断钉、断棒,植骨生长满意。结论退变性腰椎侧凸已逐渐成为影响老年人生活质量的一种重要的腰椎退变性疾病,后路手术是治疗退变性腰椎侧凸的一种有效方法。     

天津市第三中心医院“罗锅”矫治术更新换代

天津市第三中心医院的科研人员历时两年完成了“强直性脊柱炎后凸畸形外科矫形的，临床研究”，并于近日通过技术鉴定。该课题组提出了新的评价畸形的方法，使矫形治疗更加安全、有效，解决了脊柱外科的一个难题。     

高难度脊柱侧凸矫形手术在“千医”成功完成

日前，山东省干佛山医院骨科中心脊柱外科顺利完成1例高难度的先天性脊柱侧凸矫形手术。该例手术的成功，标志着该院在重度脊柱侧凸矫形外科治疗方面达到了一个新的高度。此例患者为一位年仅15岁的男性少年。患者因先天性胸7椎体发育不完全，导致胸椎向右侧显著弯曲，继发颈、胸椎和腰椎左侧弯曲，影响生长发育，并产生腰背部疼痛，影响日常生活和学习。从外观看，患者躯干不对称，双肩不等高，右侧胸廓明显隆起，     

截骨矫形术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸症36例分析

目的 探讨截骨矫形术治疗退变性腰椎侧凸症的意义.方法 退变性腰椎侧凸患者36例,均在洛阳正骨医院脊柱外科接受后路三维内固定截骨矫形术.站立位全脊柱正位片将患者分型:A型,C7铅垂线偏距骶骨中垂线<3 cm;B型,C7PL偏向腰椎主弯凹侧>3 cm;C型,C7PL偏向腰椎主弯凸侧>3 cm.结果 A型10例,B型 20例,C型6例.A型和B型后路顶椎区凸侧入路截骨矫形术,C型后路截骨水平在主弯远端.随访无丢失.结论 截骨矫形后平衡好.     

三维影像处理技术在脊柱后凸截骨矫形手术设计中的应用

目的用三维影像处理软件对脊柱后凸畸形患者的术前影像学资料处理分析,对脊柱的矫形手术进行术前设计和模拟操作,指导脊柱矫形手术操作。方法利用三维处理软件对我科自2004年4月至2006年7月的30例脊柱后凸患者的连续断层CT扫描结果进行三维重建,在矢状重建片上分别测量中矢位后凸Cobb角、经双侧椎弓根后凸Cobb角、分别经双侧椎弓根截骨所能获得的矫正角、畸形椎上下相邻两个椎体椎弓根横径,据此设计截骨方案,模拟脊柱后凸截骨。结果30例脊柱后凸患者中胸椎后畸形8例,腰椎后凸畸形22例,其中陈旧骨折后凸畸形24例,结核性后凸3例,半椎体畸形1例,侧弯后凸畸形1例,性质不明1例,年龄为18岁至66岁。所有患者术后慢性胸腰背痛和神经功能障碍均较术前有明显改善。术前脊椎后凸畸形的角度（Cobb法）：10°～60°,平均26．4°;行脊椎后凸矫形术后Cobb角为0°～35°,平均14．7°。利用三维处理软件能更加直观地对后凸脊椎行三维观察,有助于脊柱后凸患者截骨矫形的术前设计。结论螺旋CT扫描能充分获得病变部位的信息．计算机技术的发展,使得运算速度越来越快,通过三维影像处理软件,重建获得矢状位、冠状位以及三维立体图像,使得脊柱后凸的术前设计更加精确直观,有利于手术中截骨方案的实施。     

后路经椎间孔截骨内固定治疗胸腰段陈旧性骨折角状后凸畸形

目的探讨后路经椎间孔截骨矫形内固定术治疗胸腰段陈旧性骨折角状后凸畸形的疗效。方法回顾性分析2007年9月～2010年12月20例经后路经椎间孔楔形截骨矫形内固定术治疗的陈旧性胸腰椎骨折角状后凸畸形患者的临床资料,测量术前、术后1周、末次随访侧位X线侧位片上的后凸角（K）和畸形角（D）。结果术后平均随访17个月。后凸角（K）术前平均44°,术后平均10°,末次随访平均11°;畸形角（D）术前平均46°,术后平均14°,末次随访平均15°。均获骨性融合,平均融合时间为4个月。结论后路经椎间孔楔形截骨矫形内固定术是治疗胸腰段陈旧性骨折角状后凸畸形的一种有效方法。     

应用脊柱矫形内固定系统治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸12例报告

自1961年Harrington手术应用于临床，人类开始对脊柱侧弯进行手术加器械矫形至今已有40年历史。1984年，CD器械的临床应用开创了脊柱侧凸三维矫正的先河。近年来，新的三维矫形器械使得脊柱侧凸矫形效果有了明显改善，克服了断棒、脱钩、神经并发症高、矫正度明显丢失等问题，中华长城脊柱矫形内固定系统与TSRH.CD.ISOLA等90年代以后出现的脊柱矫形内固定系统属同一水平内植物，设计上适合亚洲人种，特别是青少年的解剖数据。本院自2003年3月起应用中华长城脊柱矫形内固定系统矫正青少年特发性脊柱侧凸畸形12例，疗效满意。     

医疗体操防治老年骨质疏松

1．避免腰椎屈曲训练：患者应避免坐位和其他姿态的腰椎屈曲，以防构成后凸姿势，加重对骨质疏松椎体的压缩。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Investigating clusters in the workplace and beyond

Clusters of disease are common and occur in the workplace and in the general community. They often arouse considerable concern among the population. Investigations have sometimes lead to exciting new knowledge, but in general the investigation of clusters is difficult and often unrewarding, especially for community clusters. In the workplace, investigations are more likely to find associations and even new causes, but still many clusters remain enigmatic. Despite this, there are many reasons for investigating clusters, including allaying community concern and identifying uncontrolled exposures. A structure for investigating clusters in the workplace is suggested.