有自杀和凶杀行为的精神分裂症患者人格特征比较研究

目前已有不少研究证实自杀行为和攻击行为关系密切[1- 2 ] ,但两者是否有共同的人格基础 ,此类研究甚少。本研究采用病例对照研究方法 ,使用ＭＭＰＩ,试图探索有自杀和凶杀行为的精神分裂症患者的人格特征。1　对象和方法1.1　研究对象1.1.1　自杀组　 ( 1)符合ＣＣＭＤ -ＩＩ精神分裂症的诊断标准 ;( 2 )无脑器质性疾病 ;( 3)入院前有明显的自杀行为 ,而无攻击行为史 ;( 4 )小学以上文化程度。共入组 2 7例。1.1.2　凶杀组　入组标准 :( 1)符合ＣＣＭＤ -Ⅱ精神分裂症的诊断标准 ;( 2 )无脑器质性疾病和躯体疾病 ;( 3)因杀人致死而送司法精…     

具有凶杀行为的精神分裂症患者MMPI的对照研究

既往对发生凶杀行为的精神分裂症患者和一般凶杀犯多局限于一般犯罪学特征方面的研究 ,缺少与凶杀行为有密切关系的人格特征的研究。本文采用ＭＭＰＩ测查了两者在人格特征方面的异同 ,以便有助于预防犯罪、制止暴力行为。对象　 1 精神分裂症组 10 9例 ,来源于北京市安康医院经司法鉴定 ,无刑事责任能力的肇祸精神分裂症患者。诊断标准均符合中国精神疾病分类方案与诊断标准 (ＣＣＭＤ -2 )及国际精神疾病分类 (ＩＣＤ -10 ) ,病情稳定 (住院在两年以上 ,近 3个月无明显的精神性症状 ,服药均以氯丙嗪折算 ,少于 30 0ｍｇ/日 ) ,全为男性 ,…     

城乡精神分裂症患者凶杀行为的司法鉴定

目的探讨精神分裂症患者凶杀案的城乡差异及相关的精神病理学特征。方法采用自编犯罪学调查表对62例城镇精神分裂症凶杀案与72例农村精神分裂症凶杀案进行比较。结果两组凶杀行为的主要原因均为幻觉、妄想,但农村精神分裂症患者的受教育水平偏低(t=6.09,P<0.01)、外显精神症状较为突出(χ2=5.13,P<0.05),被害人以邻居多见(χ2=3.46,P<0.05);城镇精神分裂症凶杀案中无业人员多见(χ2=9.01,P<0.01)。结论文化差异及经济、环境因素对精神分裂症的凶杀行为存在影响。     

首发精神分裂症患者凶杀行为的司法鉴定

目的探讨首发精神分裂症患者凶杀案的特征及相关的精神病理学差异。方法采用自编犯罪学调查表对首发精神分裂症62例凶杀案,与已确诊为精神分裂症的64例凶杀案进行比较。结果两组凶杀行为的主要原因均为幻觉、妄想,但首发精神分裂症的被害妄想(χ2=9.63,P<0.01)及病理性防卫更为突出。作案动机中首发精神分裂症的病理动机多见(χ2=10.50,P<0.01),已确诊为精神分裂症的现实动机增多(χ2=8.11,P<0.01)。结论精神分裂症凶杀行为的犯罪学特征相对稳定。精神病理症状早期识别及有效治疗对于预防凶杀行为有重要意义。     

精神分裂症偏执型凶杀致死与未凶杀患者心理特征初步调查

精神分裂症偏执型患者在妄想的支配下可有各种行为异常，凶杀行为是其中最严重的后果。对精神分裂症患者的暴力行为从症状学的角度［１］、生物遗传学的角度［２］、及人格方面进行分析［３］已有报告。本文拟从心理特征方面对精神分裂症偏执型的凶杀行为进行探讨，以提高...     

攻击性精神分裂症患者MMPI对照研究

攻击性精神分裂症患者ＭＭＰＩ对照研究王小平，杨德森，李凌江，高北陵，柳振清，陆佩云，杨春荣，王桂月湖南医科大学精神卫生研究所，天津市公安局安康医院人格常常影响个体的行为方式。已有研究表明有攻击行为的个体存在一定人格特征￣［１］。攻击性精神分裂症患者是...     

93例精神分裂症患者MMPI特点分析

９３例精神分裂症患者ＭＭＰＩ特点分析徐炎，汪晓云安徽省黄山市第二人民医院许多学者注意到５０～６０％精神分裂症病人的病前性格为分裂性人格，亦有研究发现４５～７５％精神分裂症病人的神经类型为弱型￣［１］。近年用ＭＭＰＩ来研究精神分裂症个性特点的报道不少￣...     

康复期精神分裂症患者的人格特征

目的探讨康复期精神分裂症患者的人格特征。方法采用美国NEO-PI-R人格问卷对110例康复期的精神分裂症患者和110例正常人进行比较分析。结果两组在NEO-PI-R的人格维度的E、C上差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,精神分裂症组具有低E和低C分。两组在30种特质层面中的N1、E1、E4、E6、O6、A3、C4及C5差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论康复期精神分裂症患者和正常人的人格特征存在差异。     

神经症、癔病、精神分裂症患者明尼苏达多相人格问卷测查分析

目的探讨神经症、癌症、精神分裂症患者明尼苏这多相人格问卷（MMPI）基本量表这一个性纬度方面的个性特征及其差异。方法应用MMPI测试软件对96例神经症患者,75例癔症患者及106例精神分裂症患者分别进行测试,记录3组患者基本量表得分,并进行统计学分析。结果3组患者基本量表得分,经单因素方差分析,除k和MF量表外,均有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;神经症患者HS、D、Hy、Pd、Pt和Si量表分均显著高于癔症和精神分裂症患者（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;癔症组F和Ma量表分显著高于精神分裂症和神经症组（P〈0．05）。L、Hs、D、Pd、Pa、Pt、Sc、Ma、Si各量表分均显著高于精神分裂症组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）;精神分裂症患者L分最高,与癌症和神经症患者均有统计学意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）。结论神经症、癔症和精神分裂症患者均存在不同程度的个性偏离。且3组之间存在统计学显著差异。     

失眠症患者的人格倾向测评

目的 失眠症是常见睡眠障碍,多数患者存在一定心理问题。人格倾向的测评有助于临床治疗。方法 开设失眠门诊,采用明尼苏达多相人格调查表测评患者的人格倾向。结果 139例失眠症患者进行了测定,其中115例效度量表合格,平均年龄55.714.0岁(23-85),男性44人(38.3%),女性71人(61.7%)。Hs、D、Hy量表的T分均值升高(65.010.40;63.212.47;65.89.87),超过中国常模,不同性别、年龄组间T分均值无显著差异。苯二氮卓类依赖者的Hy量表的T分均值显著高于无依赖者(68.39.97 vs 62.99.94,P<0.05)。结论 失眠症患者大多具有焦虑、抑郁等人格倾向,容易对苯二氮卓类催眠药产生依赖。     

男性精神分裂症患者吸烟行为与认知功能的关系

已有临床研究显示,精神分裂症患者吸烟率高、易引起尼古丁依赖,并与其认知功能障碍相关,但结果并不一致[1].本研究考察男性精神分裂症患者吸烟行为与认知功能的关系.     

Health behaviors among individuals with schizophrenia and depression

This article presents findings from a study that evaluated the utility of Protection Motivation Theory to explain cardiovascular health behaviors among people with schizophrenia (n = 83) and depression (n = 70). Results indicated that the prevalence of overweight, cigarette smoking and a sedentary lifestyle were greater among people with a mental illness compared to individuals without a mental illness. Major predictors were high levels of fear of cardiovascular disease, lack of knowledge of correct dietary principles, lower self-efficacy, limited social support and psychiatric symptoms. Implications of these results are discussed in designing education and preventive health programs for individuals with schizophrenia and Mental Depressive Disorder (MDD).     

精神分裂症稳定期吸烟男性患者的残留精神症状及快感缺失

目的:探讨吸烟与精神分裂症稳定期男性患者残留精神症状及快感缺失之间的关系。方法:选取某医院精神分裂症稳定期男性患者160例,分为吸烟组和非吸烟组,用自编基本临床特征信息表、PANSS、RPAS-C、RSAS-C和FTND量表进行测评;用t检验比较两组患者的精神症状及快感缺失,相关及回归分析比较吸烟与患者残留症状及快感缺失的关联性。结果:吸烟组PANSS总分、RPAS-C分、RSAS-C分[(74±8)vs.(70±5),(21±5)vs.(11±3),(13±4)vs.(7±3)]高于非吸烟组,阴性症状分[(19±3)vs.(21±3)]低于非吸烟组;吸烟组阴性症状分与FTND分负关联(r=-0.25;OR=0.84),RPAS-C分、RSAS-C分与FTND分正关联(r=0.52、0.48;OR=1.19)。结论:吸烟可影响精神分裂症稳定期男性患者的残留精神症状和快感缺失程度。     

Fibrinolysis in insulin dependent diabetic patients with or without nephropathy

Among diabetic patients the presence of a nephropathy is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. But the prevalence and importance of the classical risk factors of cardiovascular disease among these patients do not appear to fully explain this phenomenon. An impaired fibrinolysis has been shown to be a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Therefore we have studied the fibrinolysis parameters in 31 insulin dependent diabetic patients subdivided in three groups according to their urinary albumin excretion (UAE), in normal (11 patients with UAE<30mg/day), incipient nephropathy (11 patients with UAE comprised between 30 and 300mg/day) and clinical nephropathy (9 patients). They were compared to 16 normal subjects. The three groups of patients did not differ as regard to the clinical parameters except for higher fasting free plasma insulin levels in the groups with nephropathy. Fibrinolysis parameters of the whole group of insulin dependent diabetic patients did not differ from those of the control subjects and were in the normal range. However, when diabetics were classified according to their renal status analysis of variance showed that euglobulin fibrinolytic activity tended to decrease in patients with nephropathy and the levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-I) were significantly higher in patients with incipient or overt nephropathy. However all of these parameters remained in the normal range. When patients were considered together, a positive correlation was found between PAI-1 level and UAE, free insulin, triglyceride and ApoB level. Therefore, an impaired fibrinolysis cannot explain the propensity to cardiovascular disease of the insulin dependent diabetic patients with nephropathy. However, the slightly elevated PAI-1 levels among these patients may be attributed to either a widespread endothelial damage or to the moderate peripheral hyperinsulinism these patients exhibit.     

Clinical outcomes of patients treated for cervical pregnancy with or without methotrexate

The objective of this study is to describe the clinical outcomes of patients treated for cervical pregnancy with or without methotrexate (MTX) and to evaluate the effects of MTX in the treatment of cervical pregnancy. Between January 1993 and February 2000, 31 patients were diagnosed with cervical pregnancy. Twenty-two patients were treated with MTX chemotherapy and nine patients were treated with surgical procedures without MTX treatment. In the non-MTX treatment group, three patients underwent total abdominal hysterectomy, five required adjuvant procedures to control the bleeding during dilatation and curettage (D&C) and only one patient was treated with a simple D&C. In the MTX treatment group, fourteen (63.6%) patients were treated with only MTX and eight (36.4%) cases underwent concomitant procedures (simple curettage, curettage and Foley catheter tamponade, cervical cerclage, ligation of the descending branches of uterine arteries, or ligation of hypogastric arteries). The uterus was preserved in all cases and three women delivered healthy babies in their subsequent pregnancy. In conclusion, early diagnosis, appropriate MTX regimen in combination of necessary adjuvant conservative procedures could contribute to successful treatment with preservation of the uterus and future reproductive ability.     

Androgen receptor blockade in the MPOA or VMN: effects on male sociosexual behaviors

Previously, our laboratory has shown that androgen receptors in the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and ventromedial nucleus (VMN) are necessary for copulation in male rats. The present study examined whether these receptors are required for other sociosexual behaviors. In Experiment 1, different regions of the VMN were implanted with the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide (OHF). We found that implants located in anterodorsal portions of the VMN were more effective at inhibiting the restoration of copulation than implants in the posteroventral VMN. In Experiment 2, a second set of male rats was pretested for copulation and other sociosexual behaviors and was castrated. Experimental animals then received Silastic capsules filled with testosterone (T) plus intracranial (IC) implants filled with OHF to selectively block androgen receptors in either the MPOA or VMN. We found that androgen receptor blockade in the MPOA inhibited the restoration of copulation but had no effect on other sociosexual behaviors. OHF directed at the VMN inhibited the restoration of copulation and 50-kHz vocalizations but had no effect on scent marking. Two tests were used to assay sexual motivation: partner preference and conditioned place preference (CPP). Both methods revealed impairments in sexual motivation in the VMN group but not in animals receiving OHF in the MPOA. Taken together, these data suggest that androgen receptors in the MPOA are essential for copulatory performance, while androgen receptors in the VMN are important for copulation, sexual motivation, and androgen-dependent vocalizations.