急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌再灌注不良对近、远期预后的影响

目的 探讨急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)后心肌再灌注状态不良的发生率及其对近、远期临床预后的影响.方法 回顾性收集964例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊PCI治疗患者的临床资料、冠状动脉造影资料与心电图,以ST段回落程度与心肌梗死溶栓试验心肌灌注(TMP)分级等指标评估心肌再灌注状态.患者分为4组:A组为ST段回落率≥50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;B组为ST段回落率<50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;C组为ST段回落率≥50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级;D组为ST段回落率<50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级.以A组代表心肌灌注状态良好者,D组代表心肌灌注状态不良者.分析心肌再灌注不良患者的发生率及其对近远期预后的影响.结果 STEMI急诊PCI术后梗死相关动脉前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级而TMP分级为Ⅱ级以下者占27.3%(237/964),心电图ST段回落小于50%者占30.6%(266/964).11.31%(109/964)的患者发生远端栓塞.A组占总例数的48.9%(425/964),D组占总例数的10.5%(91/964).与A组比较,D组患者在住院期间(RR=64.63,P<0.01)以及随访期间(RR=11.69,P<0.01)均有较高的主要不良心脏事件发生风险.结论 急性心肌梗死急诊PCI后不到50%的患者心肌再灌注良好,心肌再灌注状态与近、远期临床预后显著相关.     

ST段抬高的急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后单导联ST段回落不良对预后的影响及其预测因素

目的探讨单个导联ST段回落程度不良对临床预后的影响并筛选其相关的预测因素,以早期识别高危患者,从而积极防止心肌无复流的发生。方法回顾性收集964例急性ST段抬高心肌梗死行急诊PCI患者的临床资料、冠状动脉造影资料与心电图,分析单导联ST段回落不良患者的临床特征及住院期间主要不良心脏事件（MACE）发生的差异,应用统计学软件筛选盯段回落不良的预测因素。结果急诊PCI后梗死相关血管（IRA）前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级而心电图ST段回落小于50％者占27．42％。ST段无回落组其年龄更大、前壁心肌梗死比率更多、心功能分级≥Killip2级更多、肌酸激酶同工酶（CK-MB）峰值更高、糖尿病比率更多、纤维蛋白原浓度更大、C反应蛋白（CRP）升高比率更多、入院白细胞水平更高、胸痛至急诊室时间更长、冠状动脉病变更复杂,临床预后比较显示,汀段无回落组平均住院日更长,左室射血分数更低,梗死后心绞痛发生率更高,术后IRA血流TIMIⅢ级达标率更低,心力衰竭、恶性心律失常、心脏性死亡以及总的MACE事件发生率更高（25．5％对4．4％,P〈0．001）。Cox回归分析显示ST段回落不良是住院期间发生MACE的独立预测因素之一（RR=3．33,P〈0．001）。Logistic回归分析显示ST段回落不良的预测因素有前壁心肌梗死、入院心功能分级2级以上（Killip）、胸痛至急诊室时间（h）、入院白细胞计数。结论ST段抬高的心肌梗死急诊PCI后IRA达到TIMIⅢ级血流者仍会有近1／3的患者其心电图ST段回落小于50％,反映其心肌组织水平灌注不良,这些患者住院期间发生MACE的风险明显升高。前壁心肌梗死、入院心功能较差、入院白细胞计数较高、胸痛至急诊室时间较长等均与ST段回落不良高度相关,对具备以上情况的高危患者应采取更加积极的干预方案。     

老年经皮冠状动脉介入患者血糖水平与心肌灌注及不良心脏事件的关系

目的探讨老年经皮冠状动脉介入手术(PCI)患者血糖水平与心肌灌注及不良心脏事件的关系。方法接受PCI再灌注治疗的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)患者394例,根据患者的血糖水平分成对照组(血糖水平<7.0 mmol/L)136例及血糖上升组(血糖水平7.0~11.1 mmol/L)148例、高血糖组(血糖水平>11.1 mmol/L)110例。对比各组PCI术后的心肌灌注和心功能指标,随访6个月,记录患者的不良心脏事件发生情况,Logistic回归分析评价影响PCI术后不良心脏事件的危险因素。结果血糖上升组与高血糖组肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)峰值明显高于对照组,左室射血分数(LVEF)水平、ST段回落较好及心肌灌注的血流分级(TMPG)2~3级的比例明显低于对照组,高血糖组CK-MB峰值明显高于血糖上升组,LVEF水平明显低于血糖上升组(均P<0.05)。394例患者PCI术后发生不良心脏事件者62例(15.74%)。PCI术后发生不良心脏事件者存在应激性高血糖(SHG)、TMPG 0~1级、吸烟及泵衰竭≥Ⅱ级的比例均分别明显高于未发生不良心脏事件者(均P<0.05),且Logistic回归分析显示,上述4个指标均是影响PCI术后不良心脏事件的危险因素。结论老年PCI患者的血糖水平与其心肌灌注以及不良心脏事件之间均存在紧密联系,存在SHG、TMPG 0~1级、吸烟以及泵衰竭≥Ⅱ级会增加PCI术后不良心脏事件发生风险。     

替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用效果分析

目的分析替罗非班在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)中的应用效果。方法选取我院2011年1月—2014年1月收治的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者98例,随机分为对照组48例和观察组50例。两组患者入院后均给予常规药物治疗和PCI,观察组患者在此基础上给予替罗非班。观察两组患者术后即刻TIMI血流改善率、ST段回落率,术后48 h主要心血管不良事件(MACE)发生率、出血事件发生率,术后6个月左室射血分数(LVEF)。结果观察组患者术后即刻TIMI血流改善率、ST段回落率高于对照组(P0.05);两组患者术后48 h MACE发生率、出血事件发生率、术后6个月LVEF比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论在急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者PCI中应用替罗非班安全有效,其可有效改善患者TIMI血流及心肌灌注,且并不增加MACE、出血事件发生风险。     

替罗非班联合替格瑞洛对STEMI患者行急诊PCI术后TIMI分级、心肌灌注、主要心脏不良事件发生的影响

目的探讨替罗非班联合替格瑞洛对ST段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)患者术后TIMI分级、心肌灌注、主要心脏不良事件发生的影响。方法选取本院100例行PCI治疗的STEMI患者,随机分为对照组给予替格瑞洛治疗,观察组给予替罗非班联合替格瑞洛治疗,两组各50例。比较两组术后TIMI血流分级、心肌灌注、主要心脏不良事件发生的情况。结果观察组TIMI血流分级3级比例与术后ST段回落高于75%比例均明显高于对照组(均P0.05),且无复流发生率低于对照组(P0.05);观察组术后主要心脏不良事件发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05),且左心室射血分数明显高于对照组(P0.05),左心室舒张末期内径低于对照组(P0.05)。结论替罗非班联合替格瑞洛可有效改善行PCI治疗的STEMI患者心肌灌注,有助于保护患者心脏功能,降低无复流发生率,能够明显减轻主要心脏不良事件的发生率。     

老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊介入治疗后心肌组织水平再灌注不良的发生率及其对临床预后的影响

目的探讨老年急性心肌梗死（acute myocardial infarction,AMI）-急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention,PCI）治疗后心肌组织水平再灌注状态不良的发生率及其对近、远期临床预后的影响。方法回顾性收集398例老年急性ST段抬高心肌梗死（ST-elevationmyocardi-alinfarction,STEMI）行急诊PCI治疗患者的临床资料、冠状动脉造影资料与心电图,以ST段回落程度与TIMI心肌灌注（TIMIMyocardialPerfusion,TMP）分级等指标评估心肌组织水平再灌注状态,患者分为4组,A组为ST段回落率〉50%并且术后TMP分级为Ⅲ级;B组为ST段回落率〈50%而术后TMP分级=Ⅲ级;C组为术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级而ST段回落率〉50%;D组为ST段回落率〈50%并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级。分析心肌组织水平再灌注不良患者的发生率及其对近远期预后的影响。结果 STEMI急诊PCI术后梗死相关血管（infarctionrelatedartery,IRA）前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级而TMP分级为Ⅱ级以下者占37.2%,心电图ST段回落小于50%者占37.2%,均接近1/3。12.5%的患者具有远端栓塞。术后ST段回落率〉50%并且TMP分级为Ⅲ级者占总人数的39.8%,ST段回落率〈50%,并且术后TMP分级≤Ⅱ级占总人数的14.3%。心肌组织灌注状态不良者与心肌组织灌注状态良好者相比平均住院日更长,左室EF值更低,梗死后心绞痛发生率更高,远端栓塞发生率更高,IABP辅助应用比率更大,心功能恶化、心脏性死亡更高。与D组相比,随访期间MACE的发生风险在C组为43%（P=0.11）,在B组为24%（P〈0.01）,在A组为2.7%（P〈0.01）。结论老年急性心肌梗死行急诊PCI治疗后IRA再通者仅有不到40%的患者其心肌组织水平得到了良好的再灌注,其近、远期预后较好,而剩余约60%的患者其心肌组织水平存在不同程度的再灌注障碍,其中有大概约超过10%的患者其心肌组织水平存在较差的再灌注状态,这些患者在住院期间以及远期随访期间有着极高的MACE发生风险。     

血栓抽吸联合替罗非班对急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者心肌再灌注的影响

目的 探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）中联合应用ZEEK血栓抽吸导管和替罗非班对心肌组织灌注及临床预后的影响.方法 84例经冠脉造影证实为血栓负荷病变的急性ST段抬高心肌梗死患者随机分为血栓抽吸＋替罗非班42例（A组）和标准PCI 42例（B组）,比较两组患者手术后即刻梗死相关动脉（IRA）的心肌梗死溶栓（TIMI）血流、心肌灌注分级（MBG）、心电图ST段回落百分比、左心室射血分数（LVEF）及住院期间主要心脏不良事件（MACE）和出血性并发症发生率.结果 A组术后即刻TIMI血流、MBG、ST段抬高回落百分比及LVEF均明显优于B组（P〈0.05）,两组住院期间的MACE发生率及出血并发症比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 在急性心肌梗死急诊PCI中联合使用ZEEK导管血栓抽吸和替罗非班安全可行,可有效清除冠状动脉内血栓,改善心肌组织灌注和术后心脏功能,并且不增加主要心脏不良事件的发生率.     

急性心肌梗死患者急诊介入治疗后早期ST段回落的随访观察

目的探讨急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)早期ST段回落的预后意义。方法选择2005年5月～2006年5月首次发生STEMI患者62例。根据测量12导联动态心电图结果,将患者分为2组:ST段回落组(34例)和ST段无回落组(28例),随访时间18～24(17±5)个月,比较两组的临床事件及预后。结果ST段的回落主要发生在术后120 min内。与ST段无回落组比较,ST段回落组患者发病至接受PCI的时间、再灌注时间以及发病至肌酸激酶同工酶达峰时间最短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与出院前比较,两组患者LVEF均有改善,其中ST段回落组改善明显。与ST段回落组比较,ST段无回落组的LVEF较低(P<0.05),左心室舒张末期内径增加(P<0.05)。总心脏事件发生率ST段回落组低于ST段无回落组(1.8%vs13.5%,P<0.05)。结论ST段迅速回落近期及远期心脏功能恢复良好,心脏事件发生率低。     

冠状动脉内血栓吸引在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗中的应用价值

目的评价冠状动脉内血栓吸引治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)的疗效和安全性。方法选取88例因AMI行急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)时发现冠状动脉内有血栓的患者,随机分为血栓吸引组43例和对照组45例。血栓吸引组采用抽吸导管对冠状动脉内血栓进行吸引,对照组采用常规PCI治疗。观察术后两组TIMI血流分级、ST段回落情况、30d和1年时左心室射血分数(LVEF)以及主要心脏不良事件(MACE)。结果与常规PCI相比,血栓吸引能显著改善心肌灌注(术后即刻TIMI血流3级:36例比30例,P<0.05),使ST段明显回落[术后2h ST段回落≥50%者:65.2%(28/43)比35.6%(16/45),P<0.01];血栓吸引组30d和1年时LVEF有升高趋势、MACE发生率有下降趋势,但差异均无统计学意义。结论与常规PCI相比,血栓吸引安全有效,能明显改善即刻心肌灌注,增加ST段回落,有改善1年临床预后的倾向。     

血栓抽吸术联合PCI治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效

目的观察血栓抽吸(TA)联合冠状动脉介入术(PCI)治疗急性心肌梗死(AMI)伴有血栓负荷病变的疗效及安全性。方法选取70例(年龄≥65岁)经冠状动脉造影证实冠脉血栓负荷病变患者,在AMI常规治疗基础上均应用盐酸替罗非班治疗,并随机分为TA联合PCI组(45例)和单纯PCI组(25例)。TA联合PCI组加用DiverC.E.血栓抽吸装置。比较两组病人一般发病资料和TIMI血流分级、ST段抬高和回落百分比、心肌显色分级、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、主要心血管不良事件(MACE)。结果两组心肌梗死溶栓治疗TIMI血流分级、ST段抬高和回落百分比(sumSTR)、心肌显色分级(MBG)、LVEF比较具有统计学差异(P<0.05);住院期间TA联合PCI组MACE发生率较单纯PCI组低。结论 TA联合血小板膜受体拮抗剂是治疗AMI伴有血栓负荷病变有效的手段,能够更大程度改善冠脉血流和梗死区域的心肌灌注,挽救濒死心肌,减少MACE事件发生,改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死血栓负荷病变患者的左室功能,改善预后。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.