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1.
摘要:目的 探讨ELISA法检测丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)抗体诊断阳性的最佳临界值(Cut-off值)及其可疑区间,为不同实验室间的结果互认提供依据。方法 选取某院住院或体检的130例经ELISA法初筛为阳性的血清标本和25例接近临界值 (阴性)标本(OD=0.15~2.0),采用重组免疫印记(RIBA)法检测确认其阴、阳性。利用SPSS17.0绘制ROC曲线,确定最佳Cut-off值,进一步探讨可疑区间。结果 ELISA法检测HCV抗体诊断阳性的最佳Cut-off值为0.2513,其可疑区间范围为0.2136~0.5513。结论 确定适合本实验室最佳Cut-off值和可疑区间能有效地降低丙型肝炎抗体检测的漏诊率和误诊率。  相似文献   

2.
目的:探讨血清甲胎蛋白、铜蓝蛋白和触珠蛋白在检测原发性肝癌诊断中的价值。方法:对40例健康献血员,66例慢性乙型肝炎、69例乙肝肝硬化及60例原发性肝癌患者分别采用免疫透射比浊法和微粒子酶免疫分析技术检测血清甲胎蛋白、铜蓝蛋白和触珠蛋白含量及作统计学分析。结果:原发性肝癌患者血清甲胎蛋白和铜蓝蛋白水平均高于正常对照组,触珠蛋白水平高于乙型肝炎和肝硬化组。通过logistic回归模型构建的联合预测因子显著提高了原发性肝癌的诊断效能。结论:甲胎蛋白、铜蓝蛋白和触珠蛋白联合检测,对HBSAg阳性原发性肝癌的早期诊断有重要价值。  相似文献   

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Rapid, non-culture, serogroup determination of meningococcal infection is important in contact management where vaccination may be possible. The impending availability of polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines for serogroup C disease requires maximal case ascertainment, with serogroup determination, at a time when the number of culture confirmed meningococcal infections is decreasing. A polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR), based on a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the meningococcal serogroup B and C sialytransferase (siaD) gene, was developed to combine the non-culture diagnosis of meningococcal infection from CSF, whole blood and serum with serogroup (B and C) identification. The PCR assay was adapted to an ELISA format incorporating hybridization with serogroup-specific B and C oligonucleotide probes. Specificity for CSFs was 100% and sensitivities were respectively 81, 63 and 30% for CSFs, whole blood and sera. The serogroup-specific PCR ELISA is a significant addition to currently available tests for non-culture diagnosis of meningococcal infection and outbreak investigation.  相似文献   

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A large-scale DNA vaccination trial was performed in sheep to investigate whether co-delivery of the cytokine genes IL-4, IL-5, IL-15, GM-CSF or IFN-gamma could modulate the immune response generated to an antigen, in a DNA prime-recombinant protein boost regime. Vaccination with the recombinant EG95 protein has been shown to induce protection in sheep from Echinococcus granulosus infection, the causative agent of hydatid disease. Here we demonstrate that vaccination with DNA encoding EG95 effectively primed the humoral response, as judged by high IgG anti-EG95 titres detected one-week after a boost with the recombinant protein. However, by two weeks after protein-boost the titres in the control group had reached levels similar to the groups primed with EG95 DNA. Priming with two doses of DNA vaccine followed by boosting with recombinant protein induced a predominantly IgG1 response. In contrast, priming and boosting with the protein vaccine generated a strong IgG2 response. Co-delivery of the EG95 DNA vaccine with DNA encoding GM-CSF enhanced the antibody titre to EG95 while co-delivery of IFN-gamma or IL-4 encoding DNA appeared to reduce the ability of the DNA vaccine to prime an IgG antibody response. This study has demonstrated the efficacy of the co-delivery of cytokines to modulate immune responses generated in a DNA prime-protein boost strategy.  相似文献   

5.
采用游离肝细胞培养技术,用非极性毛细管气相色谱法测定大白鼠肝细胞中CCl_4并分离其氟代甲烷类代谢物。方法线性范围宽(0.1mmol/L~0.01μmol/L),灵敏度高(最低检测浓度为5×10~(-3)nmol/L)。结果还提示,CCl_4在进入肝细胞后,被分解成CHCl_3、CH_2Cl_2等代谢产物;CHCl_3、CH_2Cl_2可能为CCl_4致肝损伤的除脂质过氧化外的又一条途径。  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨γ-干扰素联合微卡辅助抗结核治疗的疗效及免疫机制。方法160例肺结核患者随机分为四组:基础用药组、γ-干扰素组、微卡组及联合组,每组40例。基础用药:所有病例均采用标准短程化疗(2HRETM4HR),各干预组均给予相应的药物,观察各组2个月末痰菌阴转和病灶吸收情况,治疗前和2个月末用APAAP法检测患者外周血T细胞亚群CD4+、CD8+比例,同时用ELISA法检测患者外周血IFN-1和IL-4含量。结果与基础用药组比较,γ-干扰素组、微卡组、联合组痰菌阴转率明显升高(P〈0.05);与γ-干扰素组、微卡组比较,联合组痰菌阴转率差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05);与基础用药组比较,γ-干扰素组、微卡组、联合组病灶吸收显效率增加(P〈0.05);与γ-干扰素组、微卡组比较,联合组病灶吸收显效率更明显(P〈0.05)。γ-干扰素组、微卡组、联合组外周血T细胞亚群CD4+比例和IFN-γ含量变化值均显著高于基础用药组(P〈0.05);与γ-干扰素组、微卡组比较,联合组变化值增高更显著(P〈0.05)。γ-干扰素组、微卡组、联合组外周血T细胞亚群CD8+比例和IL4含量变化值显著低于基础用药组(P〈0.05);与γ-干扰素组、微卡组比较,联合组变化值降低更显著(P〈0.05)。结论γ-干扰素和微卡能改善肺结核患者的细胞免疫功能。有助于痰菌转阴。促进病灶吸收,增强化疗疗效,是较好的结核病免疫治疗制剂,且两者联用具有协同作用。  相似文献   

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The successful sanitary campaign implemented to control the 2000-2002 outbreaks of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) in Argentina was greatly assisted by the combination of an ELISA test (3ABC-ELISA) that detects antibodies directed against FMDV viral non-structural proteins (NSPs) and a liquid phase blocking competitive ELISA (lpELISA) for the detection of antibodies against the viral structural proteins (SPs). The combined use of these two assays in large-scale analysis of field samples allowed for a clear differentiation between infected and uninfected animals, with high specificity and sensitivity, regardless of the animal's vaccination status. In order to validate the application in indirect vaccine potency assays and assessment of vaccination efficiency, a preliminary correlation between serological response and protection from challenge with O1/Campos and A/Arg/01 FMD virus strains was established with data derived from commercial vaccine series challenge trials. Determination of antibodies to NSPs in vaccinated and revaccinated animals proved helpful in the analysis of vaccine purity. A review and discussion of the epidemiological status of cattle herds and real time monitoring of FMD in Argentina using these assays before, during and after the outbreaks is presented.  相似文献   

10.
A randomized, controlled comparison was made in 175 healthy 18-month-old children given either diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and pertussis vaccine, adsorbed (DTP) and haemophilus b diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (PRP/D) concurrently at separate sites (66 children) or a new vaccine combining these products (109 children). Rates of local or systemic adverse effects postimmunization and antibody responses to each component did not differ significantly between groups. DTP-containing vaccines were better tolerated when given in the thigh than in the arm. The combination DTP-PRP/D vaccine performed satisfactorily at 18 months of age, avoiding the inconvenience of two injections.  相似文献   

11.
Reduction in klotho gene expression causes accelerated senescence in klotho mutant mice. We have now found two key substances, phosphorus and zinc, which affect the appearance of klotho phenotypes. Klotho mutant homozygotes fed nonpurified diet with a phosphorus concentration of 1.03 g/100 g showed typical klotho phenotypes. However, most of the klotho phenotypes no longer appeared in male homozygotes fed a 0.4 g/100 g phosphorus diet. These homozygotes were capable of spermatogenesis. In the kidneys of the rescued male homozygotes, klotho protein expression was clearly detected. On the other hand, female klotho mice required supplementation of 0.25 g/100 g zinc orotate to the 0.4 g/100 g phosphorus diet to be rescued. Unlike in the rescued male mice, klotho protein levels in the kidneys of the rescued females were quite low. Wild-type (C3H/He) mice fed 1.5 or 1.0 g/100 g phosphorus diets had lower klotho protein expression in the kidneys than those fed a 0.4 g/100 g phosphorus diet (Kruskal-Wallis test, P < 0.05). These results indicate that dietary phosphorus and zinc modulate the phenotypes of klotho mice, and that klotho expression in the kidneys is regulated not only in klotho mutant mice, but also in wild-type mice.  相似文献   

12.
A freeze-dried tetanus toxoid (T) conjugated Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine, was reconstituted in either diphtheria toxoid (D), DT or a combined DT and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV), and administered in an open randomized trial either intramuscularly (i.m. ) or subcutaneously (s.c.) to 287 Swedish infants at three, five and 12 months of age. When not included in the mixture, IPV was administered s.c. at a separate site. The geometric mean concentrations of Hib antibodies after primary and booster vaccinations were 1.0 and 11.6 microg/ml, respectively, with no differences related to co-administration of the carrier protein T. Antibodies against T were induced by the T conjugated Hib vaccine (Hib-T) alone in 69/95 infants aged six months, and in 87/93 children aged 13 months, although infants receiving both Hib-T and T had significantly higher concentrations. Antibody responses to Hib, D, T or polio were not negatively influenced by administration route or by mixing with IPV, except that the mixed vaccine DT-IPV induced lower anti-polio GM titers after primary vaccination than did separate IPV. More local reactions were induced by the s.c. than by the i.m. route (P-values from 0.001 to 0.01). Slight increases in rates of local reactions and febrile events (>/=38 degrees C) occurred by order of dose. The low Hib antibody concentrations after the first two doses in this and other Swedish studies are unlikely to be of clinical relevance. The tetanus antibody response from T as a carrier protein alone was not sufficient for basic tetanus immunization, but should be considered in future use of additional T conjugated vaccines.  相似文献   

13.
Protein calorie malnutrition is being recognized with greater frequency in the hospitalized patient. This report describes the clinical presentation and response to nutritional therapy in nine elderly malnourished patients ranging from 73 to 95 years. Clinical features of malnutrition include weight loss, confusion, hypoalbuminemia (mean 2.8 gm/dl), a low total iron binding capacity (TIBC) (mean 192 micrograms/dl), anergy, lymphocytopenia (mean 1 × 10(3) cells/microliter) and an anemia (mean 9.0 gm/dl). Our subjects were followed for 42 days. In two, hyperalimentation was achieved by voluntary food intake and polymeric dietary supplements. In seven, feeding for 21 days via nasogastric tube was required. After three weeks, weight gain, decreased confusion, improved appetite and mobility, and significant increases in serum albumin and TIBC were seen. At that time, no subject was anergic and lymphocyte counts increased significantly. Increase in the serum iron and percent saturation was noted, and by day 42, a significant elevation in the hemoglobin occurred. As a measure of stem cell function, the committed granulocyte/macrophage progenitor cell (CFU-C) was quantitated in four subjects prior to and following 21 days of nutritional support. A marked increase in CFU-C number from a mean of 0.1 × 10(7) cells/kg to a normal value of 0.85 × 10(7) cells/kg was seen. Thus in addition to correcting the nutritional deficit, hyperalimentation returned immune and hematopoietic abnormalities to near normal levels. While improvement could reflect recovery from an associated disease, it is just as likely that correction of malnutrition, a well-recognized cause of these immunologic and hematopoietic abnormalities, accounted for the response. These observations emphasize the importance of recognizing malnutrition in the elderly and highlight the need for a careful nutritional assessment prior to ascribing hematologic and immunologic abnormalities to the aging process.  相似文献   

14.
Fifty nine women with documented normal ovulatory cycles and with no symptoms of vaginal infection were divided into four groups. Each group used a combined contraceptive vaginal ring (CCVR) with a mean daily release rate of 0.015 mg of ethinyloestradiol (EE) and 0.120 mg of 3-ketodesogestrel (3-KDG) per day, for one cycle of either 21, 28, 42, or 56 days. Cultures from the posterior vaginal fornix and from the endocervical canal were obtained immediately before insertion of the ring and on removal of the ring. Changes in the numbers of vaginal cells, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, Chlamydia trachomatis, Gardnerella vaginalis, yeasts and Trichomonas vaginalis were documented at the end of each treatment. Intra- and inter- group changes in the vaginal flora were assessed at the end of each treatment. The comparison between the number and type of flora showed no significant change between the pre-treatment population and the post-treatment population. The results of this study suggest that the use of this CCVR for 21, 28, 42 and 56 days is not associated with an increase in inflammatory cells or pathogenic bacteria.  相似文献   

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In the present study, we aimed to determine the oxidative damage in rat heart tissue induced by ruthenium(II)-NHC (Ru) and gold(I)-NHC (Au) complexes which have anticarcinogenic effects and not used clinically yet. For this purpose, 35 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 equal groups. In the control group, rats treated with saline, Ru and Au complexes were intraperitoneally given high (10 mg/kg) and low (5 mg/kg) doses as only one administration. The animals were killed, and heart tissues were taken on day 10 of the drug administration for the determination of the biochemical parameters (malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase levels). It was determined that both Ru and Au complexes treatment significantly caused oxidative damage compared to the control group. Additionally, it was shown that Au treatment caused more adverse effects than Ru treatment. Also, it was clearly found that the occurred effects were generally determined in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, when these compounds synthesized for the treatment of cancer were used, they caused oxidative damage in heart tissue. However, Ru complex could be preferred for cancer treatment in terms of user safety.  相似文献   

17.
The objective of this study was to determine whether immune responses could be differentially modulated by the phytoestrogen genistein (GEN) in mice from the 1st and 2nd litters, and whether the effects were persistent or reversible. B6C3F1 mice were exposed to a control or GEN-containing diet at 25, 250, and 1250 microg/g for the 1st litters, and 500 microg/g for the 2nd litters from d 0 of gestation to postnatal day (PND) 22, and through feeding after weaning. At PND42, anti-CD3 antibody-stimulated splenic T-cell proliferation and the percentages of T cells were increased in mice from the 1st litters at 250 and 1250 microg/g GEN but not from the 2nd litters. At PND84, the activity of IL-2-treated NK cells was significantly increased by GEN in mice from the 2nd litters but not from the 1st litters. The activity of cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) was also significantly increased by GEN in male mice from the 2nd litters. However, the increases in the CTL activity were not significant when the male mice were shifted from GEN-containing food to control food at PND22. Additionally, the increases in T-cell activities in female mice from the 1st litters and male mice from the 2nd litters were associated with a decrease in the percentage of CD4+CD25+ T regulatory cells. Overall, the results demonstrated that GEN could enhance the immune responses in mice from the 1st and 2nd litters; however, the effects varied depending on the exposure duration, gender, and litter order.  相似文献   

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《Vaccine》2023,41(34):4967-4977
There is a need for vaccines effective against shigella infection in young children in resource-limited areas. Protective immunity against shigella infection targets the O-specific polysaccharide (OSP) component of lipopolysaccharide. Inducing immune responses to polysaccharides in young children can be problematic, but high level and durable responses can be induced by presenting polysaccharides conjugated to carrier proteins. An effective shigella vaccine will need to be multivalent, targeting the most common global species and serotypes such as Shigella flexneri 2a, S. flexneri 3a, S. flexneri 6, and S. sonnei. Here we report the development of shigella conjugate vaccines (SCV) targeting S. flexneri 2a (SCV-Sf2a) and 3a (SCV-Sf3a) using squaric acid chemistry to result in single point sun-burst type display of OSP from carrier protein rTTHc, a 52 kDa recombinant protein fragment of the heavy chain of tetanus toxoid. We confirmed structure and demonstrated that these conjugates were recognized by serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies and convalescent sera of humans recovering from shigellosis in Bangladesh, suggesting correct immunological display of OSP. We vaccinated mice and found induction of serotype-specific OSP and LPS IgG responses, as well as rTTHc-specific IgG responses. Vaccination induced serotype-specific bactericidal antibody responses against S. flexneri, and vaccinated animals were protected against keratoconjunctivitis (Sereny test) and intraperitoneal challenge with virulent S. flexneri 2a and 3a, respectively. Our results support further development of this platform conjugation technology in the development of shigella conjugate vaccines for use in resource-limited settings.  相似文献   

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